Network Security, Compliance and Governance

A company uses AWS WAF to protect a web application. They notice that some malicious requests are being allowed. After investigating, they find that the requests have valid AWS WAF tokens but the payloads are obfuscated. Which WAF configuration should be reviewed to improve detection?

A company has a security group that allows inbound SSH (port 22) from 0.0.0.0/0. A security engineer discovers that an EC2 instance was compromised via SSH. The engineer needs to identify which IAM user created the overly permissive security group rule. Which AWS service or feature should the engineer use?

A company is designing a multi-VPC architecture with VPC peering. They need to ensure that traffic between VPCs is encrypted. What should they do?

A company needs to encrypt data at rest in Amazon S3. Which AWS service manages the encryption keys?

Refer to the exhibit. A company has an S3 bucket policy that allows public read access only from a specific IP range (203.0.113.0/24). Users outside this range report that they can still access objects in the bucket. What is the most likely reason?

A company wants to audit all network traffic to and from an EC2 instance for compliance. The security team needs to capture full packet contents, including headers and payload, and store them in Amazon S3 for analysis. Which AWS service should they use?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They have an AWS Network Firewall deployed in a firewall subnet. They want to inspect all outbound traffic from the VPC to the internet. Currently, the VPC route table has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to an internet gateway. What routing change is required to route outbound traffic through the firewall?

A company wants to block incoming traffic from specific IP addresses at the edge of the AWS network before it reaches the application load balancer. Which AWS service should be used?

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity from an EC2 instance in subnet-12345678 to a server on the internet. The instance has a public IP and a security group allowing all outbound traffic. However, traffic fails. Based on the exhibit, what is the issue?

A company wants to allow an external auditor to access a specific EC2 instance in their VPC for a limited time. The auditor will connect via SSH from a known IP address. What is the MOST secure way to grant access?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets need to access the internet through a NAT Gateway. The security team wants to ensure that traffic from the private subnets to the internet is logged and inspected for malicious activity. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company wants to audit all changes to security groups in their AWS account. Which AWS service should they use to track API calls that modify security groups?

Which THREE of the following are valid ways to restrict access to an S3 bucket that is accessed by EC2 instances in a VPC?

A CloudFormation stack was created with the above snippet. An administrator notices that the EC2 instance can receive HTTP traffic from the internet, but cannot access the internet itself (e.g., to download updates). What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced to protect their web application against DDoS attacks. They have a CloudFront distribution and an Application Load Balancer (ALB) as origins. They want to receive notifications when a DDoS attack is detected. What is the MOST comprehensive way to set up notifications?

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets have server-side encryption enabled. Which SCP should be applied to the root OU?

A security engineer is designing a security group configuration for a web application that consists of an Application Load Balancer (ALB), Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, and an Amazon RDS database. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to follow security best practices? (Choose TWO.)

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. They need to ensure that traffic between VPCs is inspected by a security appliance in a centralized inspection VPC. How should they configure the Transit Gateway route tables?

A security engineer reviews the CloudTrail log entry above. What security concern does this event raise?

A company has a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They need to enforce that all newly created S3 buckets are encrypted with SSE-KMS using a specific KMS key. Which policy should they use?

A company wants to encrypt all data in transit between its on-premises data center and AWS. Which two services or features can provide encryption for data in transit?

A company has a production VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. The private subnet hosts a database instance that should be accessible only from the application servers in the same VPC. The security team has configured the database security group to allow inbound traffic on port 3306 from the application security group. However, the application servers cannot connect to the database. The network ACLs are configured with default allow all rules. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced for DDoS protection. They want to receive near real-time notifications when a DDoS attack is detected. Which AWS service should be used to trigger the notification?

A company wants to enforce that all Amazon S3 buckets in an AWS account are encrypted at rest. Which AWS service can be used to automatically detect and report unencrypted buckets?

Refer to the exhibit. An AWS IAM policy is attached to an IAM role used by a network administrator. The policy is intended to allow the role to accept a VPC peering connection request only if the accepter VPC is vpc-0abcdef1234567890. However, the administrator reports that the policy does not work as expected. What is the most likely reason?

A company has a Direct Connect connection to AWS with a private VIF to a VPC. They also have a VPN connection as a backup. The BGP sessions are established. They want to ensure that traffic from on-premises to the VPC prefers the Direct Connect path over the VPN. The on-premises router is advertising the same prefix to both connections. What should the network engineer configure on the AWS side?

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple accounts and wants to centrally manage VPC security group rules. They need to enforce that no security group allows inbound SSH (port 22) from 0.0.0.0/0. Which service should they use to automatically detect and remediate noncompliant security groups?

A company wants to centrally manage and enforce security rules for all VPCs in a multi-account environment. Which AWS service should be used?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to implement a web application firewall to protect against common web exploits. Which TWO AWS services can be used together to achieve this?

A company wants to securely connect an on-premises data center to an AWS VPC over the internet using IPsec. Which AWS service should be used?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They have an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a public subnet and a web server fleet in private subnets. The security team wants to ensure that only the ALB can communicate with the web servers. Which security group configuration should be used?

A security engineer is troubleshooting why an EC2 instance cannot communicate with the internet. The instance is in a private subnet with a route table that has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to a NAT gateway. The security group for the instance allows all outbound traffic. What should the engineer check NEXT?

A company wants to securely store database credentials and automatically rotate them every 90 days. Which TWO AWS services can work together to achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

Which THREE components are necessary to enable encryption in transit for traffic between an on-premises data center and an Amazon VPC over AWS Site-to-Site VPN? (Choose three.)

A company wants to audit all changes to security group rules in a VPC. Which AWS service should be used to record these changes?

A company has a VPC with a CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16. They have an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to an on-premises network with a CIDR of 192.168.0.0/16. The VPN is configured with dynamic routing (BGP). The on-premises network advertises a route to 192.168.0.0/16 via BGP. The VPC route table has a static route to 192.168.0.0/16 pointing to a virtual private gateway. The company also has a Direct Connect connection to the same on-premises network advertising the same CIDR. The VPC route table has a propagated route to 192.168.0.0/16 pointing to a Direct Connect virtual interface, learned via BGP. Which route will be used for traffic destined to 192.168.0.0/16?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The public subnet hosts a NAT gateway. The private subnet hosts EC2 instances that need to download patches from the internet. The EC2 instances have a security group that allows outbound HTTPS to 0.0.0.0/0. What additional configuration is required?

Match each AWS Direct Connect virtual interface type to its use case.

A company is deploying a multi-tier application in a VPC. The web servers must be accessible from the internet, but the database servers must not be. Which architecture meets these requirements?

A company wants to restrict access to their S3 bucket so that only users from their corporate network (with a specific IP range) can read objects. They also want to ensure that the objects are encrypted in transit. Which combination of bucket policy and encryption should they use?

Refer to the exhibit. A company has an S3 bucket policy that denies PutObject if the object is not encrypted with SSE-KMS. However, uploads are still being allowed without encryption. What is the most likely reason?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to block all outbound traffic to the internet from the private subnets except for traffic to an AWS service like Amazon S3. Which configuration should be used?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The security team wants to ensure that traffic between VPCs is inspected by a centralized firewall appliance in a inspection VPC. Which architecture meets this requirement?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An application in the private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket. Which design meets security best practices without exposing the application to the internet?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Transit Gateway. The company requires that all traffic between VPCs must be inspected by a centralized security appliance in a shared services VPC. The security appliance must receive traffic for both directions (ingress and egress). Which THREE components are required to achieve this? (Choose THREE.)

A company uses an AWS Network Firewall to inspect traffic between VPCs and the internet. They want to allow outbound HTTPS traffic only to specific domains. Which rule configuration should be used?

An organization has a requirement that all cross-account access to Amazon S3 buckets must be logged and monitored. The security team has enabled AWS CloudTrail and S3 server access logs. However, they notice that some cross-account access attempts are not being logged. Which additional step should be taken to ensure all cross-account access is logged?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier application. They need to ensure that the web tier can only communicate with the app tier on port 443, and the app tier can only communicate with the database tier on port 3306. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose TWO.)

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Organizations. The security team needs to ensure that all internet-bound traffic from VPCs in the organization goes through a centralized egress VPC where it is inspected by a firewall. Which TWO steps are required to enforce this?

Which TWO AWS services can be used to monitor and log network traffic in a VPC for security analysis? (Choose two.)

A company wants to encrypt data in transit between an on-premises data center and AWS. Which service provides a dedicated encrypted connection?

A security team needs to audit all network traffic entering and leaving a VPC. Which AWS service should be used to capture IP traffic information?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced and AWS WAF to protect its web application. The security team notices that some legitimate traffic is being blocked. They want to allow traffic from a specific set of IP addresses used by their partners. How can they ensure that partner traffic is not blocked by WAF rules?

A company wants to audit all changes made to security groups and network ACLs in its AWS account. Which AWS service should be used to capture these API calls?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket. The company wants to avoid using a NAT gateway and ensure that traffic does not traverse the internet. Which solution should be used?

A company needs to log all network traffic between EC2 instances in a VPC for security analysis. They want to capture metadata about traffic, including source and destination IP, ports, protocol, and packet counts. Which THREE AWS services or features can be used to achieve this? (Choose three.)

A company wants to allow a specific IAM user to manage network ACLs for a specific VPC only. Which IAM policy action should be used?

A company uses AWS Organizations with SCPs to enforce security controls. The security team wants to prevent users from disabling Amazon GuardDuty or modifying its configuration in any member account. Which SCP effect should be used?

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to encrypt data in transit between an on-premises data center and an Amazon VPC? (Choose two.)

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to inspect all traffic between the private subnets and the internet using a centralized inspection VPC. The company uses AWS Network Firewall and wants to ensure that traffic cannot bypass the firewall. Which TWO actions should the company take? (Choose TWO.)

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to inspect all traffic leaving the VPC to the internet for malicious activity. Which THREE services should be used together to achieve this? (Choose three.)

Refer to the exhibit. A company has attached the IAM policy to an S3 bucket named example-bucket. Users report they cannot access objects in the bucket even when coming from the allowed IP range. What is the most likely cause?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet containing a NAT gateway and a private subnet containing EC2 instances. The EC2 instances need to download patches from the internet. The security team wants to ensure that the EC2 instances cannot initiate outbound connections to any other internet destinations. What should the network engineer do?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is analyzing a VPC Flow Log record from a VPC with CIDR 10.0.0.0/16. The record indicates a REJECT action. Which component is most likely blocking the traffic?

A financial services company has a multi-account AWS environment managed via AWS Organizations. The security team needs to enforce that all Amazon S3 buckets across the organization are encrypted with AWS KMS using a specific customer managed key (CMK) from the security account. Currently, some accounts have S3 buckets with SSE-S3 encryption or no encryption. The security team must not be able to read the data in the buckets, but must be able to detect and remediate non-compliant buckets. The solution must use AWS native services and minimize operational overhead. Which combination of actions should the security team take?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier web application. Which THREE best practices should they implement? (Choose three.)

A company runs a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets across all accounts are encrypted with AWS KMS and that bucket policies restrict access to specific IAM roles. They have created an SCP that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy unless the bucket is encrypted with KMS (using a condition) and restricts the PutBucketPolicy action to a specific role. After applying the SCP, the development team reports that they cannot update bucket policies even when using the allowed role. The SCP is attached to the root OU. The allowed role is in the dev account and has full S3 permissions via an IAM policy. What is the most likely reason for the failure?

A company is using Amazon Route 53 for DNS resolution. They want to restrict access to a private hosted zone so that only authorized VPCs can query it. Which configuration should they use?

A company is designing a VPC with a public subnet for web servers and a private subnet for database servers. The web servers must be able to access the internet for software updates, but the database servers must not have direct internet access. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They want to enforce that all traffic between subnets must be inspected by a security appliance deployed in a centralized inspection VPC. Which AWS feature should be used to route traffic to the inspection VPC without changing the routing on each subnet?

A company has multiple AWS accounts under AWS Organizations. The security team wants to centrally log all network traffic that is denied by security group rules across all accounts. Which approach meets this requirement with the least operational overhead?

A company is designing a multi-account architecture using AWS Organizations. They want to centrally manage and enforce network security policies across all accounts. Which THREE services or features should they use together to achieve this? (Choose THREE.)

A company needs to ensure that all API calls to AWS services are logged and monitored for suspicious activity. Additionally, any API call that creates a security group rule should trigger an immediate notification. Which combination of services should be used?

A company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises network to AWS. The company wants to encrypt all traffic between its on-premises network and AWS. Which solution meets this requirement?

A company is deploying a multi-tier web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team requires that the web servers only accept traffic from the ALB and that the ALB only accepts traffic from the internet on ports 80 and 443. Additionally, the web servers should be able to make outbound connections to the internet for updates. Which combination of security group rules meets these requirements?

A financial services company must meet PCI DSS compliance. They have a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets host applications that process credit card data. The security team wants to ensure that no data leaves the VPC to the internet except through a controlled egress point. Which THREE measures should be implemented? (Choose three.)

A company is deploying a web application in a VPC and wants to protect it from common web exploits like cross-site scripting (XSS). Which AWS service should be used to filter and monitor HTTP requests?

A company has a VPC with an internet gateway and wants to restrict outbound traffic from a private subnet to only allow traffic to specific AWS services, such as S3 and DynamoDB. Which solution should be used?

A company wants to securely store secrets such as database credentials and API keys. Which TWO AWS services can be used for this purpose? (Choose two.)

A company uses AWS WAF to protect its web application. The security team wants to block requests that contain SQL injection attempts. Which WAF rule type should be used?

A security engineer needs to audit all API calls that modify security group rules in a VPC. Which AWS service should be used to record these API calls?

A network administrator attached the IAM policy shown to a user. The user tries to create an internet gateway in us-east-1 without any tags. What will happen?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet hosting a web server and a private subnet hosting a database. The web server must connect to the database on port 3306. Security groups are configured: Web SG allows inbound HTTP/HTTPS from 0.0.0.0/0 and outbound to DB SG on port 3306. DB SG allows inbound from Web SG on port 3306. Network ACLs are default. The web server can connect to the database, but the security team notices that the database is also receiving connections from an unexpected IP address. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company has deployed a multi-tier application in a VPC with public and private subnets. The web tier runs on EC2 instances in public subnets, and the application tier runs on EC2 instances in private subnets. The application tier must only accept traffic from the web tier security group. The security group for the application tier has an inbound rule allowing HTTP traffic from the web tier security group. However, the application team reports that the web tier instances cannot connect to the application tier instances. The network administrator has verified that the web tier instances can resolve the private DNS names of the application tier instances, and the route tables are correctly configured. What is the MOST likely cause of the connectivity issue?

A security engineer is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The company requires that instances in the private subnet can initiate outbound connections to the internet but cannot receive inbound connections from the internet. Which TWO components are necessary? (Choose 2)

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. The public subnet contains a NAT gateway and a bastion host. The private subnet contains several EC2 instances that need to download software updates from the internet. The security team has configured the following: - A security group on the EC2 instances allows outbound traffic to 0.0.0.0/0 on ports 443 and 80. - The private subnet's route table has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the NAT gateway. - The NAT gateway is in the public subnet with an Elastic IP and its security group allows inbound traffic from the private subnet CIDR on ports 443 and 80, and outbound to 0.0.0.0/0 on all ports. Despite this, the EC2 instances cannot reach the internet. What is the most likely cause?

A security engineer reviews VPC Flow Logs and sees the entries shown. The last entry shows a REJECT for traffic from 203.0.113.5 to 10.0.1.5 on port 443. However, the third entry shows ACCEPT for traffic from 10.0.1.5 to 203.0.113.5 on port 443. What is the most likely reason for the REJECT?

A company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy resources. The security team wants to ensure that no IAM user can modify the stack set if they are not authorized via a specific IAM policy. Which feature should be used?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. The network ACL for a subnet is configured to deny all inbound traffic. A security group attached to an EC2 instance in that subnet allows SSH from a specific IP range. Will SSH traffic from that IP range reach the instance?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only traffic from a specific VPC can read objects. Which TWO actions should be taken? (Choose two.)

A security engineer needs to audit all changes to security group rules in an AWS account. Which AWS service should be used to record these changes?

A security engineer created the above S3 bucket policy to grant public read access to objects in the 'confidential/' prefix. However, users report that they receive 'Access Denied' errors when trying to access objects that have the tag 'classification: public'. What is the most likely cause?

A company has an AWS account with multiple VPCs. The security team wants to ensure that no VPC has an internet gateway attached. Which AWS service can be used to automatically detect and remediate non-compliant VPCs?

Match each AWS networking service to the OSI layer it primarily operates at.

A company uses AWS Network Firewall to inspect traffic. They notice that some traffic is bypassing the firewall. The VPC has a route table with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the firewall endpoint. Which configuration could cause traffic to bypass the firewall?

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity between two VPCs connected via a VPC peering connection. Security groups and NACLs are configured correctly. The engineer verifies that the route tables have the necessary entries. However, traffic from an EC2 instance in VPC A to an RDS instance in VPC B fails. Which TWO additional checks should be performed? (Choose two.)

A security engineer notices that a security group allows inbound SSH from 0.0.0.0/0. Which immediate action should be taken to reduce risk?

A company runs a critical application on EC2 instances in a VPC. The application needs to send data to an S3 bucket and an SQS queue, both in the same AWS account. The security team requires that all traffic to these AWS services must stay within the AWS network and not traverse the internet. The VPC has private subnets with no NAT gateway or Internet Gateway. The EC2 instances have an IAM role that grants necessary permissions. The S3 bucket and SQS queue are configured with bucket policies and queue policies that deny all access except from the VPC. However, the application is failing to send data to both S3 and SQS. What should the network engineer do to resolve this issue?

Order the steps to migrate a VPC from using an Internet Gateway to a NAT gateway for outbound-only internet access:

Which TWO statements about AWS WAF are accurate? (Choose 2)

A security engineer reviews the above security group configuration for a web server. What is a security concern with this configuration?

A company is using AWS WAF to protect a web application behind an Application Load Balancer. They want to block requests that contain SQL injection attacks. Which WAF rule type should they use?

A security engineer needs to ensure that all traffic between two VPCs in the same region is encrypted in transit. The VPCs are connected via a VPC peering connection. What should the engineer do to meet this requirement?

A company runs a web application on EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. The application must only accept traffic from known corporate IP addresses, but the company also needs to allow healthy traffic from AWS health checkers. Which architecture meets these requirements securely?

A security team needs to implement a solution to detect and alert on suspicious network traffic within a VPC. The solution should analyze VPC Flow Logs and generate findings for potential threats. Which THREE AWS services can be used together to achieve this?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets need to access the internet through a NAT gateway. The security team wants to ensure that traffic from the private subnets cannot bypass the NAT gateway. Which configuration should be used?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced to protect its web application from DDoS attacks. The application is fronted by Amazon CloudFront and an Application Load Balancer. The security team wants to receive notifications when a DDoS attack is detected. Which AWS service should be used to receive these notifications?

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues between two VPCs that are peered. The VPCs are in the same region and the peering connection is in the 'active' state. Security groups in both VPCs allow all traffic. However, instances in VPC A cannot reach instances in VPC B. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Network Firewall to inspect traffic between VPCs in a transit gateway setup. They have a rule group that allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic to a web server in a production VPC. Recently, the security team added a new Suricata IPS rule to block traffic from a specific IP address. After deploying the updated rule group, they notice that all traffic to the web server is being dropped, even from allowed IPs. The firewall logs show the new rule is triggering for all traffic, not just the specific IP. What is the most likely cause?

A company has a VPC peered with another VPC in a different account. They want to ensure that only specific ports are allowed from the peered VPC to their application servers. Which configuration should they use?

A company wants to encrypt data at rest in Amazon S3 using server-side encryption. They require that the encryption keys are managed by AWS and rotated automatically. Which encryption option should they choose?

A company uses AWS WAF to protect their web application. They have a rate-based rule that blocks IPs after 100 requests in 5 minutes. However, they notice that legitimate users behind a corporate NAT gateway are being blocked because the aggregate traffic from the NAT IP exceeds the threshold. Which TWO actions would resolve this issue without compromising security? (Choose TWO.)

A security team has attached the above IAM policy to a user. The user tries to add an inbound rule to a security group that allows traffic from 0.0.0.0/0. The request is denied. However, the user is able to add a rule allowing traffic from 203.0.113.10. Which statement explains this behavior?

A company has a requirement to encrypt all data in transit between EC2 instances and an RDS database. The database is in a private subnet, and the application connects using an SSL connection. The security team wants to ensure that even if the network is compromised, the data remains confidential. What additional measure should be taken?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its data center to a VPC. The security team wants to ensure that only the on-premises network can initiate connections to EC2 instances in the VPC, but the EC2 instances should be allowed to initiate outbound connections to the internet. Which configuration should be implemented?

A company is using AWS Shield Advanced to protect against DDoS attacks. They want to receive notifications when an attack is detected. Which AWS service should they integrate with to receive notifications?

A network engineer has created a gateway VPC endpoint for S3 as shown in the exhibit. The endpoint is associated with route table rtb-12345678. An EC2 instance in a subnet that uses route table rtb-12345678 tries to download an object from my-bucket. The request fails with an access denied error. Which change should the engineer make to resolve the issue?

A company wants to allow their employees to access internal web applications hosted on EC2 instances in a private subnet. The employees are outside the corporate network and connect via the internet. Which AWS service would provide secure, managed remote access without requiring a VPN client on each employee's device?

A network engineer needs to ensure that all traffic between two VPCs (VPC A and VPC B) is encrypted in transit. The VPCs are in the same region and are connected via a VPC peering connection. What should the engineer do?

A company uses AWS WAF to protect a web application behind an Application Load Balancer. The security team notices that a specific IP address is generating a high number of requests and wants to block it immediately. What is the MOST efficient way to block this IP address?

A company's security team is investigating a potential data exfiltration incident. They notice that an EC2 instance in a private subnet is making HTTPS connections to an unknown external IP address. The instance's security group only allows outbound HTTPS to a specific set of IPs. What is the MOST likely cause of the traffic?

Which TWO actions should be taken to secure a VPC that hosts a web application? (Choose TWO.)

A security engineer attaches the above IAM policy to an IAM user. The user then attempts to launch an EC2 instance from an IP address outside the 10.0.0.0/8 range. What will happen?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. They have an EC2 instance in a private subnet that needs to access the internet for software updates. Which solution provides internet access while keeping the instance private?

A company's security team is designing a network architecture for a multi-tier application. The web tier must be accessible from the internet, while the application and database tiers must be isolated. Which TWO actions should be taken to meet these requirements?

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that no security group allows inbound SSH (port 22) from 0.0.0.0/0. Which policy type should be used?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Transit Gateway. They need to ensure that all traffic between VPCs must be inspected by a centralized security appliance (e.g., firewall) in a shared services VPC. Which routing design meets this requirement?

Which TWO statements are correct regarding the use of AWS Network Firewall? (Choose 2)

A security engineer needs to allow an EC2 instance in a private subnet to access an S3 bucket without traversing the internet. Which solution meets this requirement?

A company is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets need to access Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB. The company wants to minimize data transfer costs and avoid using a NAT gateway. What is the MOST cost-effective solution?

A company applies the above S3 bucket policy. An administrator reports that an application using the AWS SDK is unable to upload objects to the bucket from an EC2 instance in the same account. The EC2 instance has an IAM role with s3:PutObject permission. What is the most likely cause?

Which THREE actions can AWS Config perform to help with network security compliance? (Choose 3)

Which AWS service can be used to centrally manage and enforce security group rules across multiple accounts in AWS Organizations?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier application. They want to ensure that the web tier can communicate with the application tier only on specific ports, and the application tier can communicate with the database tier only on specific ports. Which TWO configurations should be implemented?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The security team wants to inspect all traffic between VPCs using a centralized inspection VPC with third-party firewall appliances. Which architecture ensures that traffic from VPC A to VPC B is routed through the inspection VPC?

Which TWO encryption methods for data at rest in Amazon S3 use AWS-managed or customer-managed keys? (Choose TWO.)

Which TWO of the following are best practices for securing a VPC?

A security engineer is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The company requires that all outbound traffic from private subnets to the internet must go through a single IP address for logging and compliance. Which service should be used?

An IAM policy is attached to a user. What is the effect when the user attempts to launch an EC2 instance of type m5.large?

A company has a hybrid network with an AWS Transit Gateway connecting multiple VPCs and an on-premises data center via AWS Direct Connect. The security team requires that all traffic between VPCs must be inspected by a centralized firewall appliance deployed in a security VPC. They have configured a Transit Gateway with a route table that has blackhole routes for all VPC CIDRs except the security VPC, and the security VPC appliance performs inspection and returns traffic to the Transit Gateway. Recently, they added a new VPC for a critical application. After configuration, some traffic from the new VPC to other VPCs is being dropped. The network engineer verifies that the Transit Gateway route table includes a blackhole route for the new VPC's CIDR and that the security VPC's firewall rules allow the traffic. What is the most likely cause of the dropped traffic?

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to secure data at rest in Amazon S3? (Choose two.)

A security engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues. An EC2 instance cannot access the internet. The instance is in a private subnet with a route table that has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to a NAT gateway. The NAT gateway is in a public subnet with an Elastic IP. The security group allows all outbound traffic. What is the most likely cause?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. They have a web application running on EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group in the public subnets. The application needs to read and write data to an S3 bucket. They want to ensure that traffic to S3 does not traverse the internet. The security team also requires that all traffic to S3 be logged. The current setup uses a NAT Gateway for outbound internet access. However, the NAT Gateway is a single point of failure and costs are high. They want to replace it with a more cost-effective and highly available solution that meets the logging requirement. What should they do?

A security engineer is troubleshooting connectivity between an EC2 instance in a private subnet and an S3 bucket. The instance has a VPC gateway endpoint for S3, and the route table has a route to the endpoint. The security group for the instance allows all outbound traffic. However, the instance cannot access the S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Organizations with SCPs to restrict access. The security team notices that users in the 'Developers' account can launch EC2 instances with public IP addresses, even though the SCP denies ec2:AssociateAddress. What is the most likely reason?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via AWS Direct Connect. They want to ensure that only traffic from specific on-premises IP ranges is allowed into the production VPC. Which approach should they use?

A company is using AWS WAF to protect its web application. The security team wants to block requests that contain SQL injection patterns. Which WAF rule type should be used?

A company runs a multi-tier application on AWS. The web tier consists of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application tier runs on EC2 instances in a separate Auto Scaling group, and the database tier uses an Amazon RDS MySQL instance. All resources are in the same VPC. The security team has identified that the application tier instances are receiving traffic from unknown IP addresses on port 22 (SSH). The team wants to ensure that only the web tier instances can communicate with the application tier on the application port (8080), and only from a specific security group. Additionally, the database tier should only accept traffic from the application tier on port 3306. Currently, the security groups are configured as follows: Web-SG allows inbound from 0.0.0.0/0 on ports 80 and 443; App-SG allows inbound from 0.0.0.0/0 on port 8080 and from 0.0.0.0/0 on port 22; DB-SG allows inbound from 0.0.0.0/0 on port 3306. The team has also noticed that the web tier instances can be accessed via SSH from the internet. Which course of action should the team take to remediate the security issues?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Transit Gateway. The security team needs to centralize inspection of all traffic between VPCs using a third-party firewall appliance in a shared services VPC. What is the most scalable and highly available design?

A company wants to audit all network traffic to and from EC2 instances for security analysis. Which AWS service should they enable?

A company has a VPC with CIDR 10.0.0.0/16. They have public subnets (10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24) and private subnets (10.0.3.0/24, 10.0.4.0/24) in two Availability Zones. An Internet Gateway is attached to the VPC, and a NAT Gateway is in public subnet 10.0.1.0/24. The private subnets route 0.0.0.0/0 to the NAT Gateway. The security team notices that instances in private subnet 10.0.3.0/24 can reach the internet, but instances in private subnet 10.0.4.0/24 cannot. Both private subnets have the same route table configuration. The network ACLs for both private subnets are set to allow all inbound and outbound traffic. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

A company's security team notices that a VPC flow log record shows an outbound connection from a private EC2 instance to an IP address in a restricted country. The security group allows outbound 0.0.0.0/0 for TCP 443. The network ACL allows outbound traffic to 0.0.0.0/0 on ephemeral ports. The company uses AWS Network Firewall with a firewall policy that has a stateful rule group that denies traffic to the restricted country. The flow log shows the traffic was accepted. What is the most likely cause?

A company is using AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs. The security team wants to inspect all traffic between VPCs with a third-party firewall appliance deployed in a centralized inspection VPC. What is the MOST efficient way to route traffic to the inspection VPC?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Organizations. Which TWO services can be used to centrally manage security policies across all accounts?

Which THREE are valid methods to secure data in transit between a VPC and an on-premises network over the internet? (Choose three.)

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect their on-premises network to AWS. They want to encrypt all traffic between their on-premises router and the AWS Direct Connect location. Which solution should they implement?

A security engineer is designing a network security architecture for a hybrid cloud environment. The company has an AWS Direct Connect connection to its on-premises data center. They want to ensure that all traffic between on-premises and AWS is encrypted and that the encryption is enforced at the network layer. Which TWO solutions should the engineer consider?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only objects with server-side encryption using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) can be uploaded. Which bucket policy condition should be used?

A company wants to block outbound traffic from a VPC to the internet except through a NAT Gateway for updates to specific software repositories. Which AWS service should be used to control outbound traffic?

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM role ARN is shown. A security engineer wants to allow an EC2 instance to assume this role. What is required for the EC2 instance to successfully assume the role?

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to ensure that no VPC in any account can have an internet gateway attached. Which option meets this requirement?

A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) across multiple Availability Zones. The application uses a MySQL database on an RDS instance in a private subnet. Security compliance requires that all traffic between the ALB and EC2 instances must be encrypted. The security team finds that the ALB currently sends traffic to the EC2 instances using HTTP on port 80. The EC2 security group allows inbound HTTP traffic from the ALB security group. The team needs to implement encryption with minimal changes and without disrupting the application. Which solution meets these requirements?

A security engineer is designing a network firewall solution for a VPC with multiple subnets. The solution must inspect traffic between instances in the same VPC, including traffic within the same subnet. Which AWS service should be used?

A company wants to implement a defense-in-depth strategy for a web application hosted on AWS. Which TWO services should they use to protect against common web exploits and DDoS attacks?

Which TWO measures can be taken to protect an AWS account's root user credentials? (Choose two.)

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets need to access the internet for software updates. Which AWS service should be used to provide internet access to instances in the private subnets without assigning public IP addresses?

A company wants to allow a specific IP address range to access an EC2 instance in a private subnet using a bastion host. The bastion host is in a public subnet. Which security group configuration is correct?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets and uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect to on-premises via AWS Direct Connect. They want to implement network segmentation so that certain VPCs can only communicate with specific on-premises networks. Which THREE components should they use? (Choose THREE.)

A company is using AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team needs to enforce that all S3 buckets across the organization are encrypted with AWS KMS. Which approach should be used to enforce this policy?

Which TWO features are provided by AWS Shield Advanced that are not available in AWS Shield Standard? (Choose 2)

Which TWO actions should be taken to secure an EC2 instance that is used as a bastion host? (Choose 2)

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The public subnet hosts a web server that must be accessible from the internet. The private subnet hosts a database that should only be accessible from the web server. Which security group configuration should be used?

A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team needs to block a specific IP address range that has been launching DDoS attacks. The solution must be implemented at the network edge, before traffic reaches the ALB. What should the security team do?

A company runs a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The security team requires that all traffic to the application be inspected by a third-party firewall appliance for compliance. The firewall appliance must be deployed in a separate VPC and must inspect traffic without introducing a single point of failure. Which architecture meets these requirements?

A company uses AWS Site-to-Site VPN to connect its on-premises network to a VPC. The VPN tunnel is up, but traffic from on-premises cannot reach EC2 instances in the VPC. The EC2 instances have a security group that allows inbound ICMP from the on-premises CIDR. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Organizations and has multiple VPCs in different accounts. They want to centrally manage network firewall rules for all VPCs using a single firewall policy. Which AWS service should they use?

A company wants to centrally manage and enforce security policies across multiple AWS accounts and VPCs. They need to ensure that all VPCs have a specific set of rules, such as disabling public subnets. Which AWS service should be used?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. They use a NAT Gateway in the public subnet to allow instances in the private subnet to access the internet. The security team wants to ensure that all outbound traffic from the private subnet is logged and inspected. Which THREE services should they use together to achieve this? (Choose THREE.)

A security engineer is designing a network ACL for a public subnet. The subnet hosts a web server on port 443. Which inbound and outbound rules should be configured to allow HTTPS traffic from the internet? (Assume default deny all rule.)

A company wants to allow its developers to access Amazon RDS databases from their on-premises network without traversing the public internet. Which solution meets this requirement?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer reviews the NACL entries for a subnet. What is the effect of this NACL on inbound traffic?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier application. Which TWO of the following are best practices for implementing defense in depth?

A company wants to use AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to provide a TLS certificate for a website hosted on an ALB. The domain is example.com, and the certificate must be renewed automatically. Which type of certificate should be requested?

A company wants to implement a defense-in-depth strategy for a web application hosted on AWS. Which THREE services should they combine to protect against common web attacks and network threats?

Refer to the exhibit. An EC2 instance is associated with the IAM role shown. Which action can the EC2 instance perform?

A company is using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to manage SSL/TLS certificates for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team notices that an ACM-issued certificate is about to expire. How can they automate renewal?

A company is using AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via AWS Direct Connect and VPN. They have a central inspection VPC that uses AWS Network Firewall to inspect traffic. The security team wants to ensure that all traffic between VPCs and between VPCs and on-premises is routed through the inspection VPC. They have created a transit gateway route table for each VPC and the Direct Connect/VPN attachments. They have configured the route tables to propagate routes from the inspection VPC's attachment. However, traffic is still bypassing the inspection VPC. What should the security team do to ensure traffic is inspected?

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application requires that all network traffic between two VPCs be inspected by a third-party firewall appliance. The firewall must be able to inspect traffic bidirectionally and automatically fail over if the appliance becomes unhealthy. Which architecture meets these requirements?

Refer to the exhibit. A company applies this bucket policy to an S3 bucket. What is the effect of the policy?

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer is reviewing this S3 bucket policy. The bucket contains sensitive data that should only be accessible from the corporate network (192.0.2.0/24). What is a potential security issue with this policy?

A company has a Direct Connect connection to AWS. They want to encrypt all traffic between their on-premises network and their VPC. Which solution meets this requirement?

An IAM policy is applied to a user. The user reports that they cannot run 'aws ec2 describe-instances --region eu-west-1' but can run the same command in us-east-1. What is the most likely reason?

A company has an Amazon RDS for MySQL database in a private subnet. The database should only be accessible from a specific fleet of EC2 instances in the same VPC. Which combination of security controls should be used to meet this requirement?

A company is deploying a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The security team needs to protect the application from common web exploits like SQL injection and cross-site scripting. Which AWS service should be used?

Which TWO statements about AWS Key Management Service (KMS) are correct? (Choose two.)

A company needs to log all network traffic to and from EC2 instances for security analysis. Which TWO services can capture this data? (Choose 2)

A security engineer needs to block traffic from a specific country from reaching an Application Load Balancer. Which AWS service should be used to accomplish this?

A company attaches the above bucket policy to an S3 bucket. A user from the IP range 203.0.113.0/24 makes a request over HTTPS (TLS) to download an object from the bucket. Will the request succeed?

A company is designing a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They need to enforce that all new S3 buckets created across accounts have encryption enabled and block public access. Which TWO approaches meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A company wants to ensure that all traffic to and from its Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC is inspected by a third-party security appliance. The instances are in private subnets and must maintain their private IP addresses. Which solution should be used?

A company wants to securely connect an on-premises data center to a VPC in AWS. The connection must be encrypted and use the public internet. The company has a moderate volume of traffic and needs a quick setup. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to initiate outbound connections to the internet for software updates. The company wants to ensure that all outbound traffic goes through a single, highly available IP address for whitelisting purposes. Which solution should be used?

A company needs to block traffic from a specific IP address range in their VPC. Which component should be used?

A company wants to securely connect an on-premises data center to a VPC using AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The security team requires that all traffic between the on-premises network and the VPC be encrypted and that the VPN tunnel be highly available. Which design BEST meets these requirements?

A company wants to encrypt all data in transit between an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and its target EC2 instances. Which TWO actions should be taken?

A company is using AWS WAF to protect its web application. The security team notices that the WAF logs show a high number of requests from a specific IP address range that are being blocked by the SQL injection rule. However, the application team reports that legitimate users from that IP range are unable to access the application. Which action should the security team take to resolve this issue while maintaining security?

A company needs to ensure that all outbound internet traffic from a VPC goes through a centralized inspection appliance. The VPC has multiple subnets. Which THREE steps are required to implement this?

A company is designing a multi-VPC architecture with AWS Transit Gateway. The security requirements include: (1) all inter-VPC traffic must be inspected by a central firewall, (2) traffic to the internet must egress through a centralized egress VPC, and (3) traffic to on-premises via Direct Connect must go through the same inspection firewall. Which THREE components are required to meet these requirements?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket. The security team wants to ensure that traffic to S3 does not traverse the internet. Which solution meets this requirement?

A company needs to provide temporary, limited-privilege credentials to users so they can access AWS resources from mobile apps. Which AWS service should they use?

A company has an AWS Direct Connect connection and wants to ensure that all traffic from its VPC to an S3 bucket in another region stays within the AWS network. How should this be accomplished?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a VPC that hosts a multi-tier application. The security team wants to implement defense in depth. Which three layers of security should be configured?

A company needs to audit all changes to security groups in a VPC. Which AWS service should be used?

A company wants to audit all changes to security group rules in their AWS account. Which AWS service should be used to record these changes?

A company is using AWS WAF to protect a web application. They want to block requests that originate from known malicious IP addresses. Which WAF rule type should be used?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to download patches from the internet. The company wants to use a proxy server running on an EC2 instance in the public subnet. The security group for the proxy server must allow inbound HTTP/HTTPS from the instance in the private subnet. The security group for the private instance must allow outbound HTTP/HTTPS to the proxy server. However, the private instance cannot connect to the proxy. What is the most likely cause?

A company is setting up a cross-account VPC peering connection between VPC A (account 1) and VPC B (account 2). The security team wants to ensure that only specific TCP ports are allowed between the VPCs. They have configured the route tables and the VPC peering connection is active. Which additional configuration is required to enforce the port restriction?

A company has an S3 bucket that stores sensitive documents. They need to ensure that all objects in the bucket are encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). Additionally, they want to prevent any uploads that do not specify the required KMS key. Which combination of bucket policy and default encryption should they implement?

A company uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to provision SSL/TLS certificates for their Application Load Balancer (ALB). They want to ensure that the ALB only accepts connections using TLS 1.2 or higher. How should they configure this?

A company has a security group that allows inbound SSH (port 22) from 0.0.0.0/0. A security engineer needs to restrict access to only the company's public IP range (203.0.113.0/24). What is the correct way to modify the security group rule?

A company wants to ensure that all IAM users have multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled. Which AWS service can be used to enforce this policy?

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team needs to enforce that all S3 buckets in the organization have block public access enabled. Which approach should be used?

A company has a VPC with a CIDR of 10.0.0.0/16. The VPC contains a public subnet (10.0.1.0/24) and a private subnet (10.0.2.0/24). An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket. The company wants to use a VPC endpoint for S3. Which TWO configurations are required?

A company's security team is designing a solution to restrict S3 bucket access based on the requester's network. The company has a set of on-premises IP ranges and wants to ensure that only requests originating from those IPs can access the bucket. Which combination of actions should be taken? (Choose TWO.)

A company needs to ensure that all outbound traffic from a VPC goes through a centralized inspection appliance in a different VPC. Which TWO actions must be taken to achieve this?

A company wants to inspect traffic between VPCs in the same region using a third-party security appliance. Which THREE components are needed? (Choose 3)

A company is using AWS Client VPN to provide remote access to their VPC. They want to ensure that only authenticated users from their corporate Active Directory can access the VPN. Which authentication method should they use?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The security team wants to ensure that traffic between VPCs is inspected by a centralized security appliance running in a security VPC. Which configuration should be used?

A company wants to restrict access to an Amazon S3 bucket so that only traffic from a specific AWS Direct Connect virtual interface (VIF) can access it. Which combination of steps should the company take?

A financial services company is required to encrypt all data at rest and in transit. They have an Amazon S3 bucket with server-side encryption enabled (SSE-S3) and are using HTTPS for all API calls. During an audit, the auditor points out that the bucket policy does not explicitly deny requests that do not use HTTPS. Which of the following should the company add to the bucket policy to enforce HTTPS?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only traffic from a specific AWS account is allowed. Which S3 bucket policy condition key should be used to achieve this?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. They want to allow instances in the private subnet to download software updates from the internet while preventing inbound traffic from the internet. Which AWS service should they use?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The security team needs to inspect all traffic between VPCs and on-premises using a centralized firewall appliance. Which architecture meets this requirement?

A company is designing a security group configuration for a three-tier application. The web servers must be accessible from the internet on ports 80 and 443. The application servers must only communicate with the web servers on port 8080. The database servers must only communicate with the application servers on port 3306. Which TWO of the following are best practices for implementing this with security groups? (Choose TWO.)

A company is building a serverless application using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and Amazon DynamoDB. The security team requires that all API requests are authenticated and authorized, and that the Lambda function has only the necessary permissions to access DynamoDB. Which THREE steps should be taken?

A security engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues between two VPCs connected via a VPC Peering connection. The VPCs are in different accounts. The security groups in both VPCs allow traffic between the CIDRs. The route tables have the appropriate entries. However, instances in VPC A cannot communicate with instances in VPC B. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to centrally manage firewall rules across multiple VPCs in different AWS accounts. Which AWS service should they use?

A company needs to meet compliance requirements that mandate encryption of all data in transit between EC2 instances in the same VPC. The instances are in different subnets and communicate using TCP port 443. Which solution should a network engineer implement?

A company has a VPC with a CIDR of 10.0.0.0/16. They have two subnets: subnet A (10.0.1.0/24) and subnet B (10.0.2.0/24). They have an AWS Network Firewall deployed in a firewall subnet. They want to inspect all traffic between subnet A and subnet B. Which TWO actions are required? (Choose two.)

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets and uses AWS Network Firewall to inspect traffic. The security team notices that traffic to a specific IP (10.0.0.10) is being dropped unexpectedly. The firewall policy has a stateful rule group that allows all traffic. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company wants to centrally manage and enforce VPC security group rules across multiple accounts in AWS Organizations. Which AWS service should be used?

A company is using AWS Transit Gateway to interconnect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. They need to ensure that traffic between VPCs is encrypted in transit. They also want to minimize changes to existing VPC route tables. Which solution should they use?

A company uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to issue certificates for a fleet of Application Load Balancers. The security team requires that only specific IAM roles can request, renew, or delete ACM certificates. Which policy type should be used to enforce this?

A company is using AWS CloudHSM to store sensitive encryption keys. Which of the following is a security best practice for managing the HSM?

A company is using AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to ensure that no EC2 instance in any account can be launched with a public IP address unless it is in a specific VPC. Which solution will meet this requirement?

A company has a requirement to audit all network traffic leaving a VPC. The traffic includes traffic to the internet, to on-premises via VPN, and to other VPCs via Transit Gateway. Which AWS service can capture and log all outbound traffic for compliance analysis?

An IAM policy is created and attached to a user. The user reports they cannot stop a production EC2 instance. What is the most likely reason?

A company uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to issue a public SSL/TLS certificate for a domain hosted on Route 53. The certificate is used by an Application Load Balancer. After renewal, the ALB continues to serve the old certificate. What is the most likely cause?

A company is using AWS Client VPN to allow remote employees to access resources in a VPC. The security team wants to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all VPN connections. Which configuration should be used?

Refer to the exhibit. A company has attached this bucket policy to an S3 bucket. An EC2 instance in VPC vpc-12345 is trying to access the bucket but is getting access denied. The EC2 instance has a public IP of 198.51.100.10. What is the MOST likely reason?

A security engineer needs to audit all API calls made in an AWS account for compliance. The engineer wants to capture the source IP address and the user agent for each call. Which AWS service should be used?

A company wants to allow its employees to securely access internal web applications hosted in a VPC without using a VPN. The solution must authenticate users against the company's Active Directory and apply fine-grained access controls. Which AWS service should be used?

A company has a VPC with multiple security groups. An EC2 instance in security group A needs to communicate with an RDS instance in security group B on port 3306. The security team wants to minimize exposure. What should the inbound rule in security group B be?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier application. The web tier must be accessible from the internet, but the application and database tiers must not. Which TWO design choices meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A security team needs to block outbound traffic from an EC2 instance to known malicious IP addresses while allowing all other outbound traffic. Which THREE steps should be taken? (Choose three.)

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only requests originating from a specific AWS account can read objects. Which bucket policy condition should be used?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to download patches from the internet. The instance is behind a NAT gateway in the public subnet. The security team wants to allow only outbound HTTPS traffic from the instance. Which configuration should be used?

A company is designing a VPC with private subnets for databases and public subnets for web servers. They need to allow the web servers to make outbound internet requests for software updates but prevent inbound traffic from the internet. Which configuration should they use?

A company wants to monitor and log all network traffic within a VPC for security analysis. Which THREE services can be used to achieve this?

A company wants to encrypt data in transit between an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and its backend targets. Which AWS service should be used to terminate TLS at the ALB and re-encrypt traffic to the targets?

A security team needs to log all rejected traffic to an internet-facing Network Load Balancer (NLB) for compliance. Which configuration should they use?

A company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect on-premises to AWS. The security team wants to encrypt all traffic traversing the Direct Connect link. Which TWO options can achieve this?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets and is using Network Access Analyzer to identify unintended network access. It reports that an EC2 instance in a private subnet has a route to an internet gateway. Which two actions should be taken to remediate this?

A company has deployed a web application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. The security team wants to block a list of known malicious IP addresses from accessing the application. Which service should they use to implement this protection?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Organizations. The security team needs to enforce that all VPCs use a specific set of security group rules for inbound SSH access. Which TWO steps should the team take? (Choose two.)

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only requests from a specific VPC are allowed. Which policy should they use?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer runs the above command and sees this network ACL configuration. The subnet associated with this ACL contains an EC2 instance that is failing to receive inbound HTTP traffic (TCP 80) from the internet. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company has a security requirement to log and monitor all DNS queries made by EC2 instances in a VPC. Which TWO AWS solutions can meet this requirement?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises network to AWS. The security team wants to encrypt all traffic traversing the Direct Connect link. Which solution should be used?

A company hosts a multi-tier web application in a VPC. The web servers are in a public subnet, and the application servers are in a private subnet. The application servers need to access a third-party API over the internet. The company wants to ensure that the application servers' IP addresses are not exposed to the internet, and that all outbound traffic to the internet is logged. Additionally, the company wants to restrict outbound traffic to only the specific API endpoints. Which solution should be used?

A company needs to audit network traffic in a VPC for compliance. Which THREE AWS services can be used to capture and analyze network traffic?

A company is designing a network architecture for a highly sensitive application that must meet strict compliance requirements. The application is deployed in a VPC with multiple subnets. The company needs to ensure that all traffic between subnets is encrypted and that no traffic can bypass the encryption. Which TWO steps should be taken?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An EC2 instance in a private subnet needs to download patches from an S3 bucket in the same AWS region. The company wants to ensure that traffic does not traverse the internet. Which solution is MOST cost-effective?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They want to block all traffic from the internet to their private subnets, but allow outbound internet traffic from those subnets through a NAT Gateway. Which configuration should they use?

Match each AWS networking feature to its purpose for high availability or fault tolerance.

A security engineer is designing a network security solution for a multi-tier application. The web tier must be accessible from the internet on ports 80 and 443. The application tier must only accept traffic from the web tier. The database tier must only accept traffic from the application tier on port 3306. Which THREE network access control mechanisms should be used?

Which TWO AWS services can be used to centrally manage and enforce security policies across multiple accounts? (Choose two.)

A security engineer is troubleshooting an issue where Amazon Inspector is not finding any vulnerabilities in an EC2 instance. The instance has the AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) installed and is managed by AWS Systems Manager. What is the most likely reason for Inspector not reporting findings?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect their on-premises network to AWS. They have a VPC with a virtual private gateway (VGW) and a private VIF attached to it. They recently added a second Direct Connect connection for redundancy. Both connections are active and advertised via BGP. The on-premises network uses BGP with the same AS number. After configuration, they notice that traffic is not load-balanced as expected; instead, all traffic flows through one connection. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A company applies this bucket policy to an S3 bucket. Users in a different VPC with IP range 10.0.0.0/16 are able to access objects, but users in a different VPC with IP range 10.1.0.0/16 cannot. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Organizations with SCPs to restrict access to services. The security team needs to ensure that no IAM role can be created without an approved custom trust policy. Which SCP should be attached to the root OU to enforce this requirement?

Order the steps to troubleshoot an inter-Region VPC peering connection that is not working:

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to allow instances in a private subnet to download software updates from the internet but prevent inbound internet traffic. Which AWS service should be used?

A security engineer must ensure that all traffic between an application running on Amazon EC2 and an Amazon RDS database is encrypted in transit. The VPC has a public subnet for the EC2 instance and a private subnet for the RDS database. What is the MOST secure way to enforce encryption for this traffic?

A security team requires that all traffic between Amazon EC2 instances in different subnets of a VPC be logged. Which AWS service should be used to capture and log the traffic?

A company runs a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application must be accessible only from a specific AWS Client VPN endpoint. The security team has configured the ALB security group to allow inbound traffic from the Client VPN CIDR range, but users report that they can still access the application from outside the VPN. What is the MOST likely cause of this issue?

A company is designing a multi-account architecture. They need to centralize VPC flow logs from all accounts into a single Amazon S3 bucket in the security account. The logs must be encrypted at rest using a customer-managed KMS key in the security account. Which combination of steps is required?

A security engineer needs to ensure that all internet-bound traffic from a VPC is inspected by a third-party firewall appliance before reaching the internet. The firewall is deployed in a separate VPC. Which AWS service should the engineer use to route traffic from the source VPC to the firewall VPC?

A security engineer is designing a hybrid network with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The company requires that all traffic between the on-premises network and VPC be encrypted in transit. Which configuration ensures this requirement is met?

A company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect their on-premises network to AWS. They need to ensure that traffic from a specific on-premises subnet can only access a specific VPC subnet. Which two components must be configured? (Choose two.)

A company is deploying a web application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application must only accept traffic from the ALB. Which security group configuration should be used for the EC2 instances?

A security team is designing a network architecture that must meet PCI DSS compliance. They have a VPC with multiple subnets and need to ensure that all traffic between subnets is inspected by a stateful firewall. The solution must also support scalability and high availability. Which AWS service should they use?

A company is using AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The security team wants to centrally inspect and filter traffic between VPCs using a third-party firewall appliance. Which architecture should be used?

A security engineer runs tcpdump on an EC2 instance (10.0.1.5) and sees the output above. The instance is in a private subnet with a security group that allows inbound HTTPS from 0.0.0.0/0. The instance is behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB) that has a public IP. The engineer is unable to establish an HTTPS connection from the internet. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to audit all Network Load Balancer (NLB) operations performed in their AWS account. Which AWS service should they use?

A company has a VPC with a VPN connection to an on-premises data center. They want to ensure that traffic between the VPC and on-premises is encrypted and authenticated. Which two components are required to establish the VPN tunnel?

A company is using AWS Shield Advanced to protect against DDoS attacks. The security team wants to receive notifications when an attack is detected. Which service should be used to send these notifications?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to connect to the internet for patching. The security team wants to minimize the attack surface. Which solution should be used?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. They launch an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in the public subnets and targets in private subnets. Security requirements dictate that the targets should only accept traffic from the ALB. Which security group configuration meets this requirement?

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues between an on-premises network and an Amazon VPC over an AWS Direct Connect connection. The on-premises network uses BGP to advertise routes to the VPC. The VPC is associated with a virtual private gateway (VGW). The on-premises network can reach resources in the VPC, but VPC resources cannot reach on-premises resources. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only traffic from a specific VPC can read objects. Which policy type should be used?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket for backups. The company wants to minimize data transfer costs and avoid traversing the internet. Which solution should be used?

A company is using AWS Organizations and wants to centrally manage and enforce the use of VPC endpoints for S3 across all accounts. Which THREE services/tools can be combined to achieve this?

A company is designing a security group configuration for a three-tier web application (web, application, database). The web tier is accessible from the internet. Which TWO rules should be applied to meet security best practices?

A company uses AWS WAF to protect its web application from common exploits. The security team notices that a specific IP address is generating a high volume of requests and should be blocked immediately. Which action should be taken?

A security group is configured as shown. An EC2 instance in the same VPC with IP 10.0.1.50 can connect to the instance on port 443. An on-premises client with IP 203.0.113.5 cannot connect. What is the most likely reason?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs. Security requirements mandate that traffic between VPCs must be inspected by a centralized firewall appliance in a dedicated inspection VPC. What is the MOST efficient way to route traffic to the inspection VPC?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. The security team needs to centrally manage and enforce network security policies across all accounts. Which TWO services or features can be used to centrally enforce network security controls? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. They want to ensure that data is encrypted at rest and that access is logged. Which TWO services should they enable?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets across Availability Zones. An application uses a Network Load Balancer (NLB) to distribute traffic to instances. The security team notices that traffic from a specific client IP is being dropped. The NLB access logs show the client IP, but the target instances do not receive the traffic. What is the most likely cause?

A company has a hybrid network with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to an on-premises data center. The network team wants to ensure that only encrypted traffic is sent over the internet between the two sites. The VPC has a virtual private gateway attached. When testing, they discover that some traffic is going over the internet without encryption. Which configuration change should be made to enforce encryption?

A company needs to securely connect an on-premises data center to AWS using multiple VPN tunnels. The security team requires that all traffic between the VPC and on-premises be encrypted and that the tunnels use a second authentication mechanism beyond pre-shared keys. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company is using AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The security team needs to implement a centralized inspection architecture where all traffic between VPCs must be inspected by a security appliance (e.g., firewall) deployed in a dedicated inspection VPC. Currently, traffic flows directly between VPCs using the Transit Gateway. Which architecture change would enforce that all inter-VPC traffic passes through the inspection VPC?

A company uses AWS Organizations with SCPs to restrict access. The security team wants to ensure that no IAM user or role can disable AWS Shield Advanced protections. Which SCP effect should be used?

A company is deploying a web application that must be accessible over HTTPS only. They are using an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an SSL certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Which TWO configurations are necessary to ensure that only HTTPS traffic reaches the application?

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets across the organization are encrypted with SSE-S3. Which control mechanism should they use?

A company wants to enforce that all outbound traffic from its VPC flows through a centralized inspection VPC for security monitoring. The VPCs are connected via Transit Gateway. Which set of actions should a network engineer take to ensure that traffic from application VPCs is routed to the inspection VPC before reaching the internet?

A company wants to securely store and manage secrets such as database passwords and API keys. They need to automatically rotate secrets every 30 days and ensure that only specific IAM roles can access them. Which AWS service should they use?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises network to a VPC. The security team wants to ensure that traffic between the on-premises network and the VPC is encrypted using IPSec. Which solution meets this requirement?

A security engineer is configuring Network Access Control Lists (NACLs) for a VPC with multiple subnets. The engineer wants to block SSH access (port 22) from a specific IP range 10.0.0.0/8 to the entire VPC CIDR (172.16.0.0/16). What is the most effective approach?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only requests from a specific VPC are allowed. The bucket policy should deny requests that do not originate from the VPC. Which condition key should be used in the bucket policy?

A company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises network to VPCs in multiple AWS accounts. The company wants to ensure that traffic from the on-premises network can only access specific VPCs based on the source IP address. Which AWS service should be used to enforce this segmentation?

A company is using Amazon VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. The public subnet has a NAT gateway. The private subnet has an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The security team wants to ensure that the database is not accessible from the internet, but they need to allow a specific on-premises network (IP range 203.0.113.0/24) to connect to the database for maintenance. The company also wants to restrict outbound traffic from the database to only necessary AWS services (e.g., S3 for backups) and deny all other outbound traffic. Which configuration should the security team implement?

A company is designing a network security solution for a VPC that hosts a multi-tier web application. The web servers are in a public subnet, and the application servers are in a private subnet. The company wants to ensure that the web servers can only be accessed on port 443 from the internet, and the application servers can only be accessed from the web servers on port 3306. Which THREE components should be configured?

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues between an EC2 instance and an RDS database in the same VPC. The EC2 instance can connect to the database, but the connection is slow. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to diagnose the issue? (Choose TWO.)

A company wants to protect its web application running on Amazon EC2 behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) from common web exploits like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). Which THREE AWS services should be used together to provide comprehensive protection?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An EC2 instance in a private subnet needs to download patches from the internet. The company wants to ensure that all outbound traffic is logged and that only specific destinations are allowed. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company wants to block inbound traffic from a specific IP address range (203.0.113.0/24) at the VPC level using AWS WAF. Which resource should the AWS WAF web ACL be associated with?

A company is designing a hub-and-spoke network in AWS. The security team requires that all traffic between VPCs in different spokes must be inspected by a third-party firewall deployed in the hub VPC. Which architecture meets this requirement with minimal complexity?

A company is implementing a network security solution for a VPC that contains a web application. The application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to distribute traffic to EC2 instances in private subnets. The company wants to protect against common web exploits and also filter outbound traffic from the instances. Which TWO services should be used together?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced for DDoS protection. During an attack, they notice that legitimate traffic is being throttled. Which configuration change should be made to reduce false positives while maintaining protection?

A company is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. They need to allow instances in the private subnet to access the internet for software updates while preventing inbound internet traffic. Which AWS service should they use?

A company is using AWS WAF to protect a web application behind an Application Load Balancer. They want to block requests from a specific IP address range. Which component should they use?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only requests from a specific VPC endpoint are allowed. Which type of policy should they use?

A company has a web application running on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application stores files in an S3 bucket. The security team wants to ensure that the EC2 instances can only access the specific S3 bucket and no other AWS services. They have created an IAM role for the EC2 instances with a policy that grants s3:PutObject and s3:GetObject on the specific bucket. They have also attached a VPC endpoint for S3 to the VPC and added a bucket policy that allows access only from the VPC endpoint. Despite this, the EC2 instances can still access other S3 buckets. What is the most likely reason?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account environment using AWS Organizations. They need to centrally manage and enforce security policies across all accounts. Which THREE services should they consider?

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer applies this SCP to an AWS account. What is the effect of this policy?

A network engineer is designing a VPC with private subnets for workloads that must not have direct internet access. However, the workloads need to download patches from a specific third-party vendor's IP range. Which solution minimizes the attack surface?

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to ensure that all Amazon S3 buckets in the organization are encrypted at rest. Which policy should be attached to the root organizational unit to enforce this requirement?

An application running on EC2 instances needs to access a DynamoDB table. The security team requires that traffic does not traverse the internet. Which solution should be used?

A company is deploying an AWS Network Firewall in a centralized inspection VPC and needs to send traffic from multiple VPCs through it. The VPCs are attached to a Transit Gateway. What configuration is required to route traffic to the firewall?

A network engineer runs the above command and sees that VPC Flow Logs are configured for a VPC. The engineer wants to analyze rejected traffic to troubleshoot a connectivity issue. Which field in the flow log records should they examine?

A company has an AWS Lambda function that needs to access an S3 bucket in the same AWS account. The Lambda function is configured to use the VPC default execution role. The S3 bucket policy denies all principals except those explicitly allowed. The Lambda function cannot access the bucket. What should be done to resolve this issue?

A security engineer needs to capture and analyze network traffic between two EC2 instances in the same VPC for troubleshooting. The engineer wants to capture full packets and store them for later analysis. Which TWO AWS services can be used together to accomplish this? (Choose TWO.)

A company wants to restrict access to its S3 bucket so that only objects uploaded with server-side encryption using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) are allowed. Which bucket policy condition should be used?

A company uses AWS Organizations with SCPs to restrict access. The security team needs to prevent users in the 'Developers' OU from disabling AWS Config or modifying its rules. Which SCP effect should be used?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises data center to AWS. The network team notices that the BGP session between the on-premises router and the AWS virtual private gateway (VGW) is flapping. The on-premises router is configured to advertise a specific prefix. Which configuration change is MOST likely to stabilize the BGP session?

A company hosts a web application on EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team wants to block a list of known malicious IP addresses from accessing the application. They have already created an AWS WAF web ACL and associated it with the ALB. What is the MOST efficient way to block the IP addresses?

Which THREE of the following are best practices for securing a VPC? (Choose three.)

A company is using AWS Secrets Manager to store database credentials. They want to ensure that the credentials are automatically rotated every 30 days. Which configuration is required?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. They have a web server in the public subnet and a database in the private subnet. The web server needs to communicate with the database on port 3306. Security groups are configured as follows: Web server SG allows inbound HTTP/HTTPS from 0.0.0.0/0 and outbound to database SG on port 3306. Database SG allows inbound from web server SG on port 3306. However, the web server cannot connect. Network ACLs are default. What is the issue?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to download patches from the internet. The company wants to minimize data transfer costs and avoid exposing the private instance to inbound traffic from the internet. Which solution meets these requirements?

A company has deployed a VPC with public and private subnets. They have an Internet Gateway attached to the VPC and a NAT Gateway in the public subnet. The private subnet instances need to download patches from the internet. Which configuration ensures that the private instances can reach the internet while preventing inbound traffic from the internet?

A security engineer notices that an EC2 instance in a public subnet is receiving inbound SSH traffic from a range of IP addresses that should be blocked. Which two actions should the engineer take to troubleshoot? (Choose two.)

Which THREE components are required to enable AWS Shield Advanced automatic application layer DDoS mitigation for an Application Load Balancer? (Choose three.)

A security engineer reviews the NACL entries above for a subnet. Which statement about incoming SSH traffic (port 22) is correct?

A company needs to enforce that all IAM users use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to access the AWS Management Console. Which policy element should be used in an IAM policy to deny access if MFA is not present?

A company has deployed a web application on an EC2 instance that needs to access an S3 bucket and a DynamoDB table. The instance is in a private subnet. Which approach meets the security best practice of avoiding long-lived credentials on the instance?

A CloudFormation stack created a VPC Gateway Endpoint for S3 with the above policy. An EC2 instance in the VPC is unable to download objects from the S3 bucket using the AWS CLI. The instance has an IAM role with s3:GetObject permission. What is the most likely cause?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a VPC that hosts a multi-tier application. The security team requires that the web tier can only be accessed from the internet, the application tier can only be accessed from the web tier, and the database tier can only be accessed from the application tier. Additionally, the team needs to ensure that no traffic can bypass these controls. Which THREE actions should the team take?

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer applies this S3 bucket policy. What is the result of this policy?

A company wants to encrypt all data in transit between its on-premises data center and AWS. They are using AWS Direct Connect for connectivity. Which additional configuration is required to ensure encryption?

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application requires that all traffic between the web and application tiers be encrypted, but the application does not support TLS. What should a network engineer do to meet this requirement without modifying the application?

A security engineer is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. The company requires that all VPC flow logs be delivered to a central S3 bucket in the security account. The security engineer has created a bucket policy that grants the necessary permissions. However, flow logs from member accounts are failing to be delivered. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer has configured VPC Flow Logs for a VPC and is verifying the logs. The flow logs are being delivered to CloudWatch Logs, but the engineer notices that the logs do not contain the 'srcaddr' and 'dstaddr' fields. What is the most likely cause?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account AWS environment. They need to centrally inspect and filter traffic between VPCs using a third-party firewall appliance. Which AWS service should they use to route traffic through the inspection VPC?

Order the steps to troubleshoot an AWS Direct Connect virtual interface that is in the 'down' state:

A company wants to encrypt data at rest in an S3 bucket. Which AWS service can manage the encryption keys if the company wants to use server-side encryption with AWS KMS?

A company needs to encrypt data in transit between an Application Load Balancer and EC2 instances. Which TWO actions should they take?

Which THREE services can be used to detect and protect against DDoS attacks? (Choose THREE.)

A company wants to block outgoing traffic from a specific EC2 instance to the internet, except for HTTPS traffic to a specific API endpoint. Which AWS service can enforce this at the instance level?

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team wants to enforce that all S3 buckets across the organization are encrypted with SSE-S3 or SSE-KMS. Which THREE steps should they take to implement this policy?

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The security team wants to ensure that all data is encrypted at rest. Which S3 bucket property should be enabled?

A company has a hybrid network architecture with an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center and an Amazon VPC. The VPC has a single private subnet with Amazon EC2 instances running a critical application. The on-premises network uses BGP to advertise a route for the VPC's CIDR (10.0.0.0/16) to the on-premises routers. Recently, the company added a new application in a second VPC (VPC-B) with CIDR 10.1.0.0/16 and peered it with the original VPC (VPC-A). After the peering, users on-premises can still reach resources in VPC-A, but cannot reach resources in VPC-B. The VPC-A route table has a route for VPC-B's CIDR pointing to the peering connection. The VPC-B route table has a route for VPC-A's CIDR pointing to the peering connection. The on-premises routers have a static route for VPC-B's CIDR pointing to the Direct Connect virtual interface. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

A security engineer needs to centrally manage and enforce rules for network traffic between VPCs in a large AWS environment. Which AWS service provides this capability?

A company is designing a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They want to restrict the use of certain instance types across all accounts. Which approach should they use to enforce this policy?

A security engineer is configuring AWS CloudTrail to log all management events across all regions. The logs must be stored in an S3 bucket that is encrypted with an AWS KMS key. Which bucket policy element is required to allow CloudTrail to write logs?

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to centrally enforce that no Amazon S3 buckets are publicly accessible across all accounts. Which solution meets this requirement with the least operational overhead?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An application running in a private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket to read and write data. The security team wants to ensure that traffic to S3 does not traverse the internet. Which solution should the team implement?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer examines the network ACL for a subnet. Which statement best describes the effect of this network ACL?

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They deploy a Network Firewall to inspect traffic. The firewall is configured with a stateful rule that allows outbound HTTP traffic to any destination. However, traffic from an EC2 instance in a private subnet to an external web server fails. The route table for the private subnet has a default route pointing to the firewall endpoint. What is the likely issue?

A company has a VPC with an IPv4 CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16. They have peered this VPC with another VPC using a VPC Peering connection. The peered VPC has a CIDR of 10.0.0.0/16 (overlapping). The company wants to allow communication between specific instances in both VPCs without changing the CIDRs. What should they do?

A company uses AWS Shield Advanced to protect against DDoS attacks. They notice that some legitimate traffic is being throttled during a DDoS event. The security team wants to ensure that legitimate traffic from specific business partners is not affected. Which action should they take?

A company wants to secure network traffic between on-premises data centers and AWS using AWS Site-to-Site VPN. Which TWO components are required to establish a VPN connection?

A network engineer is designing a security group for a web application that must allow inbound HTTPS traffic from the internet and outbound traffic to an RDS MySQL database. The web servers are in a public subnet and the RDS database is in a private subnet. What is the most secure way to configure the security groups?

A security engineer is designing a network architecture for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. The company requires that all inter-VPC traffic be inspected by a centralized firewall appliance. Which solution provides the most scalable and maintainable inspection architecture?

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They need to centrally manage and enforce VPC security group rules across all accounts. Which service should they use?

A company wants to monitor and log all changes to security group rules in their AWS account for compliance purposes. Which TWO services can be used together to achieve this?

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its on-premises data center to AWS. The network team wants to ensure that traffic between the on-premises network and AWS is encrypted. Which solution meets this requirement?

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy a stack that includes an S3 bucket with a bucket policy that restricts access to a specific VPC endpoint. The stack fails to create, and the error indicates that the bucket policy contains an invalid principal. Which condition key should be used to restrict access to a VPC endpoint in the bucket policy?

A company wants to block inbound SSH traffic to all EC2 instances in a VPC while allowing all other traffic. Which security group rule should be configured?

A company wants to audit all changes to security groups in their AWS account. They need to be notified whenever a security group rule is added, modified, or removed. They also want to see who made the change. Which solution should they implement?

A company is using AWS CloudTrail to log API calls. They want to ensure that log files are encrypted at rest and that only authorized users can access them. Which combination of actions should they take?

Which TWO actions improve the security of an AWS account's root user? (Choose two.)

A company is using AWS Client VPN for remote access. They want to ensure that only clients with a valid client certificate can connect, and that traffic is routed through a centralized inspection VPC. The VPN endpoint is configured with mutual authentication using server and client certificates. The route table in the VPN VPC has a default route pointing to an AWS Network Firewall endpoint in the inspection VPC. Users report that they can connect to the VPN but cannot access any internal resources. The network engineer checks the Client VPN endpoint configuration and confirms that the authorization rules allow access to the internal CIDR (10.0.0.0/8). What is the most likely cause?

A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via VPN. They want to ensure that traffic between VPCs is inspected by a third-party firewall appliance deployed in a centralized inspection VPC. Which THREE steps are required? (Choose three.)

Which THREE components are required to establish a site-to-site VPN connection between an on-premises network and AWS? (Choose 3)