Original research

The Courseiva Difficulty Index

A 0–100 difficulty score for 108 IT certification exams, computed from 92,439 practice questions and real learner performance data. Not opinion — data. Updated 2 July 2026.

How the index is calculated

Each exam's score blends five measurable signals from Courseiva's question bank and learner data:

  • Question difficulty mix— the share of easy, medium, and hard questions in the exam's blueprint-aligned bank (weighted 0.15 / 0.5 / 0.85).
  • Exam-trap density — how many questions carry a documented trap or common mistake, a proxy for how deliberately the exam misleads.
  • Domain breadth — the number of official exam domains; broader blueprints demand more study surface.
  • Time pressure — the average estimated seconds per question relative to a 2-minute ceiling.
  • Learner accuracy — real first-answer correct rates from Courseiva practice sessions. Only included once an exam passes a minimum sample of 100 answers, at which point it contributes 30% of the score.

Scores map to four bands: Foundational (below 40), Moderate (40–54), Challenging (55–69), and Advanced (70+). The index is recomputed as the question bank and learner sample grow, so scores shift slightly over time — that is by design.

Companion metrics — how each is measured

Each exam's Exam Intelligence panel shows additional named metrics alongside the Difficulty Index. All are computed the same way for every exam.

Trap Density

The proportion of an exam's question bank that contains a documented trap — a realistic distractor, common misconception, or exam-style misdirection identified and explained during question authoring. A question counts toward trap density only when the trap is written up in its explanation, so the metric measures deliberately misleading answer options, not general difficulty. Higher trap density means the exam punishes surface-level knowledge harder.

Hands-on Share

The share of questions that test applied rather than recalled knowledge, classified by format: questions built around an exhibit (command output, configuration, log, or diagram), performance-based questions, drag-and-drop ordering, and matching exercises. Plain multiple-choice questions without an exhibit are excluded even when scenario-worded, so the metric is conservative — the true applied share is at least this high.

Learner Accuracy

The percentage of first-try answers that are correct across real Courseiva practice sessions for the exam. Only selected answers count (skipped questions are excluded), and the metric is shown only once an exam has at least 100 recorded answers across 10 or more sessions. The same rule applies to domain-level breakdowns such as "most missed domain", which additionally require 30+ answers per domain across at least two domains. All accuracy figures describe Courseiva learners during practice — they are not official exam pass rates.

Data Confidence

A grade for how well-sampled an exam's statistics are. Building: metrics are computed from the question bank only — no learner sample has cleared the minimum thresholds yet. Moderate: at least 100 learner answers across 10+ sessions back the behavioural metrics. High: 1,000+ learner answers. Statistics below a threshold are hidden rather than shown with wide error bars — if a number appears on a Courseiva page, it cleared its gate.

All exams ranked by difficulty

Exams with fewer than 50 practice questions are excluded until their banks are large enough to score fairly.

#ExamVendorIndexBand
1Azure AI Engineer AssociateAI-102Microsoft72Advanced
2Microsoft Dynamics 365 Fundamentals ERPMB-920Microsoft72Advanced
3HashiCorp Terraform AssociateTF-003HashiCorp71Advanced
4CISSPCISSPISC271Advanced
5Google Professional Machine Learning EngineerPMLEGoogle Cloud71Advanced
6Microsoft Cybersecurity ArchitectSC-100Microsoft71Advanced
7Red Hat Certified EngineerEX294Red Hat71Advanced
8Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security AdministratorPCNSAPalo Alto Networks70Advanced
9Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security EngineerPCNSEPalo Alto Networks70Advanced
10Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer1Z0-829Oracle70Advanced
11Red Hat Certified System AdministratorEX200Red Hat70Advanced
12Azure DevOps Engineer ExpertAZ-400Microsoft70Advanced
13HashiCorp Vault AssociateVA-003HashiCorp70Advanced
14Microsoft 365 Endpoint AdministratorMD-102Microsoft70Advanced
15ServiceNow Certified Application DeveloperSNOW-CADServiceNow70Advanced
16Cisco ENCOR 350-401350-401Cisco70Advanced
17Azure Security Engineer AssociateAZ-500Microsoft69Challenging
18Computer Hacking Forensic InvestigatorCHFIEC-Council69Challenging
19Cisco CCNP ENARSI 300-410300-410Cisco69Challenging
20Microsoft Power Platform FundamentalsPL-900Microsoft69Challenging
21LPIC-2LPIC-2LPI69Challenging
22Oracle Java Foundations1Z0-811Oracle69Challenging
23Certified Kubernetes Security SpecialistCKSCNCF69Challenging
24SSCPSSCPISC269Challenging
25Certified Kubernetes AdministratorCKACNCF69Challenging
26ITIL 4 FoundationITIL4FPeopleCert69Challenging
27Certified Ethical HackerCEHEC-Council69Challenging
28CCNP Security350-701Cisco68Challenging
29CCNP Service Provider350-501Cisco68Challenging
30Azure Database Administrator AssociateDP-300Microsoft68Challenging
31LPIC-1LPIC-1LPI68Challenging
32AWS DevOps Engineer ProfessionalDOP-C02Amazon Web Services68Challenging
33Microsoft Dynamics 365 Fundamentals CRMMB-910Microsoft68Challenging
34CCNA200-301Cisco67Challenging
35Google Professional Cloud ArchitectPCAGoogle Cloud67Challenging
36CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1202)220-1202CompTIA67Challenging
37Linux Foundation Certified System AdministratorLFCSLinux Foundation67Challenging
38CCSPCCSPISC267Challenging
39CompTIA Cloud+CV0-004CompTIA67Challenging
40Google Professional Cloud DevOps EngineerPCDOEGoogle Cloud67Challenging
41ServiceNow Certified System AdministratorSNOW-CSAServiceNow67Challenging
42Microsoft 365 AdministratorMS-102Microsoft67Challenging
43Azure Data Engineer AssociateDP-203Microsoft67Challenging
44CISACISAISACA67Challenging
45CompTIA ITF+FC0-U61CompTIA67Challenging
46JNCIA-JunosJNCIA-JUNOSJuniper Networks66Challenging
47Azure AdministratorAZ-104Microsoft66Challenging
48CCNP Data Center350-601Cisco66Challenging
49Google Professional Cloud DeveloperPCDGoogle Cloud66Challenging
50AWS SysOps Administrator AssociateSOA-C02Amazon Web Services66Challenging
51Cisco DevNet Associate200-901Cisco66Challenging
52Microsoft Power BI Data AnalystPL-300Microsoft66Challenging
53Azure Developer AssociateAZ-204Microsoft66Challenging
54Splunk Core Certified UserSPLK-1002Splunk66Challenging
55Google Professional Cloud Network EngineerPCNEGoogle Cloud66Challenging
56PRINCE2 FoundationPRINCE2FPeopleCert65Challenging
57AWS Data Engineer AssociateDEA-C01Amazon Web Services65Challenging
58CompTIA CySA+CS0-003CompTIA65Challenging
59Azure Solutions Architect ExpertAZ-305Microsoft65Challenging
60CompTIA AI+AI0-001CompTIA65Challenging
61Certified Associate Python ProgrammerPCAPPython Institute65Challenging
62Fortinet NSE 7 / FCSSNSE7Fortinet65Challenging
63Google Associate Cloud EngineerACEGoogle Cloud65Challenging
64CompTIA Data+DA0-001CompTIA65Challenging
65Cisco CyberOps Associate200-201Cisco65Challenging
66AWS Certified AI PractitionerAIF-C01Amazon Web Services65Challenging
67Google Professional Cloud Security EngineerPCSEGoogle Cloud65Challenging
68Certified in CybersecurityCCISC265Challenging
69A+220-1101CompTIA65Challenging
70Google Professional Cloud Database EngineerPCDEGoogle Cloud64Challenging
71Security+SY0-701CompTIA64Challenging
72Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Generative AI Professional1Z0-1127Oracle64Challenging
73Microsoft 365 FundamentalsMS-900Microsoft64Challenging
74Certified Kubernetes Application DeveloperCKADCNCF64Challenging
75CompTIA Linux+XK0-005CompTIA64Challenging
76Google Cloud Generative AI LeaderGenerative AI LeaderGoogle Cloud64Challenging
77Fortinet NSE 4 / FCP Network SecurityNSE4Fortinet64Challenging
78Splunk Core Certified Power UserSPLK-1003Splunk64Challenging
79Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity FundamentalsSC-900Microsoft64Challenging
80AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer AssociateMLA-C01Amazon Web Services64Challenging
81Google Professional Data EngineerPDEGoogle Cloud64Challenging
82AWS Developer AssociateDVA-C02Amazon Web Services64Challenging
83CRISCCRISCISACA64Challenging
84AWS Security SpecialtySCS-C02Amazon Web Services64Challenging
85CompTIA Project+PK0-005CompTIA63Challenging
86Salesforce AI AssociateAI AssociateSalesforce63Challenging
87Microsoft Azure Data FundamentalsDP-900Microsoft63Challenging
88Certified Entry-Level Python ProgrammerPCEPPython Institute63Challenging
89AWS Solutions Architect AssociateSAA-C03Amazon Web Services63Challenging
90Network+N10-009CompTIA63Challenging
91Google Cloud Digital LeaderGCDLGoogle Cloud63Challenging
92Project Management ProfessionalPMPPMI63Challenging
93CompTIA PenTest+PT0-002CompTIA63Challenging
94A+ Core 2220-1102CompTIA62Challenging
95CompTIA SecurityX / CASP+CAS-004CompTIA62Challenging
96Microsoft Azure AI FundamentalsAI-900Microsoft62Challenging
97AWS Machine Learning SpecialtyMLS-C01Amazon Web Services61Challenging
98AWS Cloud PractitionerCLF-C02Amazon Web Services61Challenging
99Azure FundamentalsAZ-900Microsoft59Challenging
100Microsoft Security Operations AnalystSC-200Microsoft59Challenging
101AWS Advanced Networking SpecialtyANS-C01Amazon Web Services58Challenging
102AWS Database SpecialtyDBS-C01Amazon Web Services58Challenging
103AWS Solutions Architect ProfessionalSAP-C02Amazon Web Services57Challenging
104Kubernetes and Cloud Native AssociateKCNACNCF55Challenging
105VMware Certified Professional Data Center VirtualizationVCP-DCVVMware55Challenging
106CISMCISMISACA54Moderate
107AWS SAP on AWS SpecialtyPAS-C01Amazon Web Services52Moderate
108Certified Associate in Project ManagementCAPMPMI52Moderate

Citing this data: "Courseiva Difficulty Index, 2026, courseiva.com/difficulty-index". Free to reference with attribution and a link.