- A
Implement a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall to inspect all outbound traffic.
Correct: Central inspection provides controlled egress with inspection.
- B
Create VPC endpoints for Amazon S3 and DynamoDB to keep traffic within the AWS network.
Correct: VPC endpoints prevent data from leaving AWS network.
- C
Configure security groups to deny all outbound traffic from private subnets.
Why wrong: Wrong: Security groups cannot inspect or control egress beyond allow/deny; they would block all outbound, which is not desired.
- D
Attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC and allow all outbound traffic.
Why wrong: Wrong: IGW allows uncontrolled egress.
- E
Deploy a NAT gateway in a public subnet and route private subnet traffic to it for internet access.
Correct: NAT gateway is a controlled egress point.
Quick Answer
The correct measures are a NAT gateway in a public subnet for outbound traffic, VPC endpoints for S3 and DynamoDB, and a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall. This combination ensures controlled egress from VPC for PCI DSS compliance by funneling all outbound internet-bound traffic through a NAT gateway, while keeping traffic to critical AWS services like S3 and DynamoDB off the public internet via VPC endpoints, and subjecting all outbound traffic to deep packet inspection in a central inspection VPC using AWS Network Firewall. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of layered egress controls versus simple internet gateway access, which is a common trap—many candidates mistakenly choose an internet gateway or rely solely on security groups, but security groups cannot inspect traffic, only filter it. A useful memory tip is “NAT, Endpoints, and Firewall—three layers to control egress and pass the audit.”
ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A financial services company must meet PCI DSS compliance. They have a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets host applications that process credit card data. The security team wants to ensure that no data leaves the VPC to the internet except through a controlled egress point. Which THREE measures should be implemented? (Choose three.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Implement a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall to inspect all outbound traffic.
Option A is correct because a NAT gateway allows outbound traffic from private subnets but the team wants to control egress; however, combined with other measures it can be part of a controlled egress. Option C is correct because a VPC endpoint for S3 and DynamoDB allows access to these services without traversing the internet. Option D is correct because a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall can inspect and allow/deny outbound traffic. Option B is wrong because an Internet Gateway does not provide controlled egress; it allows direct internet access. Option E is wrong because Security Groups do not inspect traffic; they are stateful firewalls that only allow/deny based on rules.
Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Implement a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall to inspect all outbound traffic.
Why this is correct
Correct: Central inspection provides controlled egress with inspection.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- ✓
Create VPC endpoints for Amazon S3 and DynamoDB to keep traffic within the AWS network.
Why this is correct
Correct: VPC endpoints prevent data from leaving AWS network.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- ✗
Configure security groups to deny all outbound traffic from private subnets.
Why it's wrong here
Wrong: Security groups cannot inspect or control egress beyond allow/deny; they would block all outbound, which is not desired.
- ✗
Attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC and allow all outbound traffic.
Why it's wrong here
Wrong: IGW allows uncontrolled egress.
- ✓
Deploy a NAT gateway in a public subnet and route private subnet traffic to it for internet access.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses
Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
- Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
- The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.
TExam Day Tips
- Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
- Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
- Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.
Key takeaway
Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related ANS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
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Network Security, Compliance and Governance — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this ANS-C01 question test?
Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Implement a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall to inspect all outbound traffic. — Option A is correct because a NAT gateway allows outbound traffic from private subnets but the team wants to control egress; however, combined with other measures it can be part of a controlled egress. Option C is correct because a VPC endpoint for S3 and DynamoDB allows access to these services without traversing the internet. Option D is correct because a central inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall can inspect and allow/deny outbound traffic. Option B is wrong because an Internet Gateway does not provide controlled egress; it allows direct internet access. Option E is wrong because Security Groups do not inspect traffic; they are stateful firewalls that only allow/deny based on rules.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related ANS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
What is the key concept behind this question?
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This ANS-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the ANS-C01 exam.
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