ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question
A company wants to enforce that all outbound traffic from its VPC flows through a centralized inspection VPC for security monitoring. The VPCs are connected via Transit Gateway. Which set of actions should a network engineer take to ensure that traffic from application VPCs is routed to the inspection VPC before reaching the internet?
⚠ Common exam trap
Test-takers frequently assume VPC peering or direct internet gateway attachments can be combined with Transit Gateway for centralized inspection, but they fail to recognize that Transit Gateway route tables are required to enforce traffic isolation and prevent direct internet access from application VPCs.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create a TGW route table with a blackhole route for 0.0.0.0/0 and associate it with application VPC attachments; attach the inspection VPC to a different TGW route table that has a route to the internet via an egress VPC.
It uses separate Transit Gateway route tables to enforce traffic isolation: the application VPC attachments use a route table with a blackhole for 0.0.0.0/0, preventing direct internet access, while the inspection VPC uses a different route table with a route to an egress VPC that has an internet gateway. This ensures all outbound traffic from application VPCs must first traverse the inspection VPC for security monitoring before reaching the internet.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Create VPC peering connections between each application VPC and the inspection VPC, and add routes pointing to the peering connection.
Why it's wrong here
VPC peering does not support transitive routing; traffic to internet would not go through inspection VPC.
- ✗
Attach an internet gateway to each application VPC and add a default route pointing to the inspection VPC's NAT gateway.
Why it's wrong here
NAT gateway cannot be a route target across VPCs.
- ✗
Attach an internet gateway to each application VPC and add default route pointing to it.
Why it's wrong here
This bypasses the inspection VPC.
- ✓
Create a TGW route table with a blackhole route for 0.0.0.0/0 and associate it with application VPC attachments; attach the inspection VPC to a different TGW route table that has a route to the internet via an egress VPC.
Why this is correct
This enforces traffic flow through inspection VPC.
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Same concept, more angles
3 more ways this is tested on ANS-C01
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. A company is designing a hub-and-spoke network in AWS. The security team requires that all traffic between VPCs in different spokes must be inspected by a third-party firewall deployed in the hub VPC. Which architecture meets this requirement with minimal complexity?
hard- A.Create VPC peering connections between each spoke VPC and configure security groups to enforce inspection.
- B.Use AWS PrivateLink to connect all spoke VPCs to a central service in the hub.
- ✓ C.Use a Transit Gateway with separate route tables for each spoke VPC, and configure the spoke route tables to route all inter-spoke traffic through the hub VPC firewall.
- D.Set up AWS Direct Connect between all VPCs and route through a central firewall.
Why C: Transit Gateway with separate route tables allows you to configure routes so that traffic between spoke VPCs is directed through the hub VPC firewall for inspection. Option A is incorrect because VPC peering does not centralize traffic inspection; it creates direct connectivity without forcing traffic through the hub. Option B is incorrect because AWS PrivateLink is designed for accessing services privately, not for routing inter-VPC traffic. Option D is incorrect because AWS Direct Connect is used for on-premises connectivity, not for inter-VPC routing within AWS.
Variation 2. A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They want to enforce that all traffic between subnets must be inspected by a security appliance deployed in a centralized inspection VPC. Which AWS feature should be used to route traffic to the inspection VPC without changing the routing on each subnet?
hard- A.VPC Peering
- ✓ B.Transit Gateway with route tables
- C.NAT Gateway
- D.Network Load Balancer
Why B: A Transit Gateway with route tables allows central routing and inspection. Option A is wrong because VPC peering does not support centralized inspection easily. Option B is correct because Transit Gateway can route traffic between VPCs and subnets with centralized inspection. Option C is wrong because NAT Gateway is for outbound internet traffic. Option D is wrong because a Network Load Balancer is for load balancing, not routing.
Variation 3. A company needs to ensure that all outbound traffic from a VPC goes through a centralized inspection appliance in a different VPC. Which TWO actions must be taken to achieve this?
hard- A.Deploy VPC endpoints for all AWS services used.
- B.Use AWS Direct Connect Gateway to route traffic between VPCs.
- C.Create VPC peering connections between all VPCs.
- ✓ D.Use AWS Transit Gateway with appropriate route tables to direct traffic to the inspection VPC.
- ✓ E.Configure the inspection VPC to forward traffic to its destination after inspection.
Why D: The correct answers are D and E. D: AWS Transit Gateway enables transitive routing between VPCs. By configuring appropriate route tables, traffic from source VPCs can be directed to the inspection VPC for centralized inspection. E: After the inspection appliance processes the traffic, it must be forwarded to its final destination. This requires proper routing in the inspection VPC to send the inspected traffic out to the internet or to another VPC. Option A is incorrect because VPC endpoints only provide private access to AWS services, not general internet traffic routing. Option B is incorrect because AWS Direct Connect Gateway is used for connecting on-premises networks to AWS, not for routing between VPCs. Option C is incorrect because VPC peering does not support transitive routing; it only allows direct communication between two VPCs, not through a third VPC.
JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This ANS-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the ANS-C01 exam.