IP Routing

A router learns route 198.51.100.0/24 from OSPF with AD 110 and also has a static route to the same prefix configured with AD 150. Which route is installed?

A router output shows this neighbor state: Neighbor ID 10.1.1.1 State FULL/DR Address 192.168.12.1 What does the FULL/DR state indicate?

A router learns 10.10.10.0/24 from OSPF and EIGRP at the same time. OSPF reports a metric of 20, and EIGRP reports a metric of 30720. Which route is installed in the routing table by default?

A router shows this output: R1#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.1.1.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0 10.1.1.3 1 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:39 192.168.12.3 GigabitEthernet0/0 Which statement is correct?

Which command correctly configures an IPv6 default route using next-hop address 2001:db8:1::1?

A routing table entry begins with the code C. What does that code indicate?

What problem is HSRP designed to solve?

Which Cisco IOS command configures a default static route pointing to next hop 203.0.113.1?

Why is RIP rarely chosen for large modern enterprise networks?

What metric does RIP use to choose the best path?

A router learns the same prefix from both OSPF and EIGRP. Which route is installed by default?

Which static route on R1 sends all unknown IPv4 destinations to next-hop address 192.0.2.1?

Which summary route best represents these four networks? 10.20.0.0/24 10.20.1.0/24 10.20.2.0/24 10.20.3.0/24

An engineer wants a static route to be used only if the OSPF route to the same network disappears. What should be configured?

What problem do first-hop redundancy protocols such as HSRP solve?

A router has routes for 10.10.0.0/16, 10.10.20.0/24, and a default route. Which route is used for destination 10.10.20.55?

Two OSPF routers connected over Ethernet fail to become neighbors. Their interfaces are up/up and in the same IPv4 subnet. One router uses area 0 and the other uses area 1 on the connecting interfaces. What is the most likely cause?

A static route is configured as 198.51.100.0/24 via 192.0.2.9, but the connected network to the next hop goes down. What happens to the static route in the routing table?

Which two statements about OSPF neighbor requirements on a shared Ethernet segment are correct? (Choose two.)

Two OSPF routers connected on an Ethernet link remain in the INIT state. Which issue is the most likely cause?

A router learns 203.0.113.0/24 through OSPF and 203.0.113.0/25 through a static route. Which route is used for traffic destined to 203.0.113.10?

Which OSPF network type on Ethernet performs a DR and BDR election by default?

A router shows the following route: O 10.10.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.0.2.2, 00:00:12, GigabitEthernet0/0 What does the value 110 represent?

A router shows the following routing table entries for the same destination: O 10.10.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.12.2, GigabitEthernet0/0 D 10.10.50.0/24 [90/30720] via 192.168.13.2, GigabitEthernet0/1 Which route will become the active route in the routing table?

A router interface is configured for OSPF, but neighbors do not form. The engineer checks the interface and sees Hello 10 and Dead 40. The neighbor on the same segment uses Hello 30 and Dead 120. What is the most likely cause of the OSPF adjacency failure?

A packet destined for 10.1.1.130 arrives at the router. Based on the routing table, which route will be used?

R1 has the following static route configured: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1 What does this route accomplish?

A network engineer enters the following configuration on R1 and R2, but R1 cannot form an OSPF adjacency with R2 on interface GigabitEthernet0/0. R1# show running-config interface GigabitEthernet0/0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ip ospf hello-interval 10 ip ospf dead-interval 40 ip ospf 1 area 0 ! R2# show running-config interface GigabitEthernet0/0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 ip ospf hello-interval 5 ip ospf dead-interval 20 ip ospf 1 area 0 What is the most likely cause of the failure?

A router has these routes installed. Which path will be chosen for traffic to 172.16.10.200?

Which two statements accurately describe longest-prefix match in routing?

Why does a passive interface in OSPF still matter even though it does not send hello packets?

A router pair is directly connected, but they do not become OSPF neighbors. IP addressing and area assignment are correct. What is the most likely cause?

A router has both an OSPF route and a static route to the same destination. The static route has an administrative distance of 200. What is the expected behavior while the OSPF route remains available?

A route to 10.10.20.0/24 disappears when an OSPF adjacency fails. Which design would most directly provide an automatic backup without changing the primary OSPF path during normal operation?

A router learns the same destination from EIGRP and OSPF. The EIGRP route has a metric of 1000, and the OSPF route has a metric of 10. Which route is installed by default?

A route to 192.168.1.0/24 appears in the routing table from OSPF, but a more specific static route to 192.168.1.128/25 is also configured. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.1.200?

Which two statements accurately describe OSPF route selection or behavior at the CCNA level?

Why is route summarization often useful at distribution or area boundaries in larger networks?

A router receives two routes to 10.50.0.0/16: one from OSPF and one static route with an administrative distance of 90. Which route is installed by default?

Which two statements accurately describe route summarization?

Two routers are in the same OSPF area and on the same subnet, but they do not form an adjacency. One interface uses a hello interval of 10 seconds and the other uses 5 seconds. What is the most likely cause?

An OSPF-enabled router has two paths to the same destination network, and both paths have the same OSPF cost. What is the most likely default behavior?

A static default route is configured with an administrative distance of 250. What is the most likely design intention?

A packet is destined for 192.168.40.130. The routing table contains 192.168.40.0/24, 192.168.40.128/25, and 0.0.0.0/0. Which route is used?

Which two statements accurately describe OSPF passive interfaces?

Two routers are directly connected over IPv6 and should form an OSPFv3 adjacency, but they do not. Link-local addressing is present on both interfaces. Which issue is most likely to prevent the adjacency?

A router has a default route and a specific route to 203.0.113.0/24. Which route is used for traffic to 203.0.113.25?

Two routers are directly connected and running OSPF. Their IP addresses and hello timers match, but they still do not become neighbors. One side is configured for area 0 and the other for area 1 on the shared link. What is the most likely cause?

A routing table contains these entries for the same destination space: 10.1.0.0/16, 10.1.10.0/24, and 0.0.0.0/0. Which route is used for traffic to 10.1.10.44?

A router learns 172.16.0.0/16 from OSPF and 172.16.10.0/24 from a static route. Which route is used for traffic to 172.16.10.55?

A router has routes to 192.168.0.0/16 and 192.168.100.0/24. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.100.77?

Why is a default route often called a route of last resort?

Which two statements accurately describe longest-prefix match?

An engineer configures a floating static route to 0.0.0.0/0 with an administrative distance of 200 while OSPF is providing a default route. What is the intended behavior?

A router has a connected route to 192.168.1.0/24 and also has a default route. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.1.55?

A network engineer configures OSPF between R1 and R2, but the routers never become neighbors on GigabitEthernet0/0. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause?

A router has the following routes in its table: 172.16.0.0/16, 172.16.20.0/24, and 172.16.20.128/25. Which route is used for traffic to 172.16.20.200?

R1 and R2 are directly connected. Both are configured in OSPF area 0, and they can successfully ping each other. However, OSPF neighbor adjacency fails. R1's interface is configured with `ip ospf authentication message-digest` and a valid key, while R2's interface has no OSPF authentication configured. What is the most likely cause?

A router has a static route to 10.20.20.0/24 and also has a default route. Which route is used for traffic to 10.20.20.8?

Which two statements accurately describe passive interfaces in OSPF?

A router learns 10.0.0.0/8 from OSPF and 10.10.0.0/16 from a static route. Which route is used for traffic to 10.10.20.1?

R1 and R2 are directly connected and running OSPF. The IP addressing is correct and both routers are in area 0, but they do not form an adjacency. What is the most likely cause?

A router has routes to 192.168.100.0/24 and 192.168.100.128/25. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.100.140?

Match each route source or route type to its most accurate description.

R1 and R2 are directly connected and running OSPF. They can ping each other, the area matches, and the timers match, but they still do not become neighbors. What is the most likely cause?

A router has routes to 172.20.0.0/16, 172.20.10.0/24, and 172.20.10.64/26. Which route is used for traffic to 172.20.10.70?

A router has a directly connected route to 10.1.1.0/24 and a static default route. Which route is used for traffic to 10.1.1.200?

A router has routes to 10.50.0.0/16, 10.50.10.0/24, and 10.50.10.128/25. Which route is used for traffic to 10.50.10.140?

A router has routes to 192.168.0.0/16 and 192.168.50.0/24. Which route is used for traffic to 192.168.50.99?

Why is a default route often described as a route of last resort?

R1 and R2 are directly connected and both configured for OSPF area 0. The IP addresses are correct, but the routers do not become neighbors. What is the most likely cause?

A router learns the same destination prefix from OSPF and from a static route configured with administrative distance 90. Which route is preferred by default?

Two directly connected routers running OSPFv3 do not form an adjacency. Both interfaces have valid IPv6 addresses and can ping each other using link-local addresses. What is the most likely cause?

A router has a static default route with administrative distance 250 and also learns a default route through OSPF. What is the main design purpose of the static default route?

A router learns 192.168.30.0/24 from OSPF and also has a static route to 192.168.30.0/24 with administrative distance 200. Which route is installed in the routing table while both are available?

Which two statements accurately describe floating static routes?

A router receives a destination prefix from EIGRP with administrative distance 90 and also from OSPF with administrative distance 110. The prefix length is identical. Which route source is preferred?

An OSPF router learns a route with metric 20 and another OSPF route to the same destination with metric 30. The prefix length is the same. Which path is preferred?

Why is route summarization useful at a distribution layer or area boundary?

Match each routing concept to its most accurate meaning.

A route to 10.10.10.0/24 is learned through two OSPF paths. Both have the same prefix length and the same administrative distance, but one path has a lower OSPF metric. Which path is preferred?

A router learns the same destination prefix from OSPF and EIGRP. The prefix length is identical, and both routes are valid. Which route is preferred by default?

A router has an OSPF-learned route to a destination prefix and also a directly connected route to a broader supernet that includes that destination. The OSPF route is more specific. Which route is used for the destination?

What is the main purpose of this configuration? ipv6 route 2001:db8:100::/64 GigabitEthernet0/0

R1 is an IPv6-only branch router. The administrator wants all unknown IPv6 destinations to be sent to the upstream router at 2001:db8:ff::1. Which command best achieves that goal?

Which WAN technology is most closely associated with establishing a direct point-to-point data-link connection between two routers over a serial link?

What is the operational purpose of configuring the IPv6 route ::/0?

A company wants to connect two sites across an IP network by creating a logical tunnel between the edge routers. Which technology is most directly associated with that requirement?

An administrator configures a GRE tunnel interface on a router with the following: interface Tunnel0, tunnel source GigabitEthernet0/0, tunnel destination 192.168.2.2. What is the main purpose of this configured tunnel?

What is an autonomous system in basic BGP terminology?

Why is a default route useful on a small branch router connected to a single upstream provider?

Based on the exhibit, why is traffic to host 198.51.100.70 using the OSPF route instead of the static route?

A branch router uses PPP on a serial WAN link. Which additional PPP capability most directly improves access security on that link?

A router has a static route for 172.16.10.128/25 and an OSPF-learned route for 172.16.10.0/24. When forwarding traffic to 172.16.10.130, why does the router use the static route instead of the OSPF route?

Which two statements accurately describe why BGP is often relevant at an Internet or multi-provider edge?

Based on the exhibit, which route will be used for destination 10.1.1.70?

You are verifying OSPF operation on router R1. After confirming that OSPF is configured on the correct interfaces, which command should you use next to directly check whether R1 has established a neighbor adjacency with another OSPF router?

Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely reason the PPP link is down?

Based on the exhibit, which route will be used to reach 172.20.10.33?

What is the best explanation for why a router chooses the OSPF route to 10.50.0.0/16 instead of the RIP route?

R1 and R2 are connected via Ethernet and are configured with OSPF, but they fail to form an adjacency. Upon checking the interface configurations, you see that R1’s interface is in OSPF area 0 while R2’s interface is in area 1, and both interfaces use default timers and are in the same subnet. What is the most likely reason?

Based on the exhibit, why is traffic to 192.168.40.200 using the default route instead of the intended static route?

Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely reason the PPP link is failing to authenticate?

Based on the exhibit, which command is the best next step to verify whether the floating static route becomes active after the primary route is lost?

Why is R1 not installing the floating static default route into the routing table?

Why is traffic to 10.10.10.200 using the EIGRP route instead of the OSPF route, given that both routes have the same prefix length?

A router has a static route configured: ip route 10.200.0.0 255.255.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/1. The output of show ip interface brief shows that interface GigabitEthernet0/1 is administratively down. Why is the route to 10.200.0.0/16 present in the running configuration but absent from the routing table?

R1 and R2 are connected via a GigabitEthernet link in the same IPv4 subnet, and both routers have OSPF configured in the same area. However, R1 is not learning any OSPF routes from R2. What is the most likely cause?

Based on the exhibit, why is the static route not being used for 172.18.9.10?

A router has the following routes in its routing table: a static route to 10.60.4.16/28, an OSPF route to 10.60.4.0/24, and an EIGRP route to 10.60.0.0/16. Which route will be used for a packet destined to 10.60.4.17?

A router has a static route to 10.30.5.128/25, an OSPF route to 10.30.5.0/24, and a default route 0.0.0.0/0 in its routing table. Which route will the router use for destination 10.30.5.130?

Based on the exhibit, which route will be used for destination 192.168.10.130?

Why does traffic to 172.31.80.10 use the RIP route (172.31.80.0/24) instead of the static route (172.31.0.0/16)?

A router has a static route and a RIP route for the same destination prefix. What is the primary reason the static route is preferred over the RIP route?

R1 and R2 are connected via a shared Ethernet segment. Both routers are configured in OSPF area 0 and are on the same IP subnet. OSPF authentication is enabled on both interfaces, but the adjacency is not forming. What is the most likely reason?

When two routes to the same destination are learned by OSPF from different paths, what criterion does OSPF use to select the best path?

An OSPF-enabled router R1 fails to advertise the 192.168.50.0/24 network to neighbor R2, even though the neighbor relationship is up. Which misconfiguration on R1 would cause this?

Exhibit: R1 has the static route 'ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.0.2.2 200' and also learns a default route from OSPF. Which default route will be installed while the OSPF route is present?

A branch router learns a route to 10.20.30.0/24 from OSPF with metric 30 and also has a static route to the same prefix with an administrative distance of 5. Which route will appear in the routing table?

R1 and R2 are directly connected via Ethernet on interface G0/0. Both interfaces are in the same subnet and configured for OSPF area 0. After enabling OSPF, R1's G0/0 is stuck in the INIT state in the OSPF neighbor table. What is the most likely cause?

R1 and R2 are directly connected. Their interfaces are up/up and belong to the same subnet. R1's OSPF configuration places the interface in area 0, while R2's interface is in area 1. R1 does not show R2 as an OSPF neighbor. What is the most likely cause?

Exhibit: R1 has a default route pointing to 10.1.1.2. Users lose internet access when that next hop fails, even though a floating static backup exists. Why is the backup not installed?

A router learns 172.16.40.0/24 from OSPF with AD 110 and metric 20. It also learns the same prefix from EIGRP with AD 90 and feasible distance 30720. Which route is installed?

Exhibit: R3 learns 10.50.0.0/16 by OSPF through two equal-cost paths. What will R3 do by default?

Exhibit: A router has the following routes in its routing table: - OSPF: 10.1.1.0/24 - Static: 10.1.1.128/25 - Default: 0.0.0.0/0 A packet is destined for 10.1.1.130. Which route does the router use?

Exhibit: R1 has a static default route to 192.0.2.2 and also learns a default route from OSPF. Which default route is installed in the routing table?

A router advertises its LAN network into OSPF, but no OSPF Hellos should be sent toward end-user devices on that LAN. Which configuration approach solves this cleanly?

On a broadcast multiaccess segment, R3 has an OSPF priority of 255, but it is in the DROTHER state. Which explanation best fits OSPF behavior?

R1 is not forming an OSPF adjacency with R2 on GigabitEthernet0/1. Which mismatch below is the most likely cause?

Exhibit: OSPF neighbors are not reaching FULL state on an Ethernet segment with multiple routers. The output of show ip ospf neighbor on R2 shows a neighbor in the 2WAY/DROTHER state. What is the most likely reason?

Exhibit: R1 has learned 10.50.0.0/24 through OSPF and also has a floating static route to the same prefix with administrative distance 130. Which route is installed while OSPF is healthy?

R3 has the static route 'ip route 172.20.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1'. Packets destined for 172.20.8.0/24 are being dropped. What is the most likely cause?

A network engineer wants a static route to be used only when the OSPF-learned route disappears. Which configuration approach meets that goal?

Exhibit: R1 shows an OSPF neighbor stuck in EXSTART with R2 on a serial link. What is the most likely cause?

Which OSPF component is used to identify routers uniquely inside an OSPF domain?

R1 has routes to 172.16.10.0/24 from multiple sources. Which route will be installed?

Exhibit: R1 learns 192.168.50.0/24 from multiple sources. Which two statements are correct about the route that will be installed in the routing table?

Exhibit: A router has both an OSPF-learned default route and a floating static default route. Which route is currently active?

Exhibit: R1 can ping 10.1.23.2 but cannot ping 192.168.3.10 behind R3. The routing table on R1 lacks 192.168.3.0/24. What is the best next check?

Exhibit: An OSPFv2 adjacency between two routers on Ethernet is not forming. Which two mismatches would directly prevent the routers from becoming neighbors?

Exhibit: A static route to 172.16.40.0/24 is configured, but traffic still follows the default route. Which two explanations are plausible?

A router has learned route 172.16.50.0/24 from OSPF with cost 20 and also has a static route to the same prefix with administrative distance 5. Which two statements are correct about route selection?

A static default route is configured on R1 toward ISP-A, and a second default route toward ISP-B is configured with a higher administrative distance. Which two statements are correct during normal operation and after ISP-A failure?

A network engineer needs a floating static route to back up an OSPF-learned route. Which two configurations are necessary for the static route to remain unused until OSPF fails?

A branch router is running single-area OSPF. An engineer wants an interface to advertise its connected network into OSPF but must prevent hello packets from being sent on that LAN segment. Which two actions achieve that goal?

A route table shows both a default route and a more specific route to 192.168.50.0/24. Which two statements describe how packets destined for 192.168.50.25 are handled?

A junior network engineer configured a floating static route on Router R1 to provide backup connectivity to a remote network 10.10.10.0/24. The primary connection uses OSPF. However, after the primary link fails, hosts on R1 cannot reach the remote network. The OSPF adjacency is down, and the floating static route is not appearing in the routing table. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause of the issue?

A network administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two remote sites connected via a WAN link. Hosts on VLAN 10 at Site A (192.168.10.0/24) cannot ping the server at Site B (10.10.20.100). The router at Site A has a default route configured with the next-hop IP address 10.10.10.2. The administrator checks the routing table on Router A and notices that the default route is not installed. What is the most likely cause of the problem?

Which TWO statements about IPv4 and IPv6 static routing are correct?

Which TWO statements accurately describe the behavior and configuration of floating static routes?

An engineer is troubleshooting an OSPF adjacency between two directly connected routers, R1 and R2. R1 is configured with a passive-interface default under the OSPF process, and the interface connecting to R2 is not explicitly set to no passive-interface. The engineer runs a show ip ospf neighbor command on R1 and sees no neighbors. What is the most likely reason for the missing adjacency?

An engineer is troubleshooting an OSPF adjacency issue between two Cisco routers, R1 and R2, connected via GigabitEthernet0/0 on both sides. Hosts on R1's LAN cannot ping hosts on R2's LAN. The engineer checks the OSPF neighbor state on R1 and sees the adjacency is stuck in EXSTART/EXCHANGE. The router IDs are 1.1.1.1 on R1 and 2.2.2.2 on R2, and both routers have a network statement for their directly connected subnet. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

Which TWO statements correctly describe OSPFv2 router-id selection and verification in a single-area configuration?

Which TWO statements correctly describe the behavior of the passive-interface command in single-area OSPFv2?

A network engineer is troubleshooting OSPFv3 adjacency between two directly connected Cisco routers, R1 and R2, both running IOS-XE. The engineer configures OSPFv3 on both routers but notices that the adjacency does not form. The engineer runs 'show ospfv3 neighbor' on R1 and sees no neighbors. What is the most likely cause of this issue?

An engineer is troubleshooting an OSPFv3 adjacency issue between two routers R1 and R2 connected over a serial link. The link is up/up on both sides, and IPv6 is enabled on the interfaces. However, the 'show ipv6 ospf neighbor' command shows no neighbors. The engineer checks the OSPFv3 configuration. What is the most likely cause of the missing adjacency?

A network engineer is troubleshooting an OSPFv3 adjacency issue between two directly connected routers. Both routers are configured for OSPFv3 in area 0 on their GigabitEthernet0/0 interfaces. The engineer checks the OSPFv3 neighbor status on R1 and sees that the neighbor state is stuck in EXSTART. The engineer verifies that both interfaces are up and have IPv6 link-local addresses. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

Which TWO statements correctly describe the configuration and verification of OSPFv3 for IPv6?

Which TWO statements about HSRP active/standby election, priority, and preempt are true?

A network engineer is configuring HSRP on a pair of Cisco routers to provide first-hop redundancy for a subnet. The goal is to ensure that the router with the highest IPv4 address always becomes the active router, and that it automatically reclaims the active role after a failure. The engineer configures priority 100 on both routers. Which additional configuration is required to meet these objectives?

A network administrator is troubleshooting connectivity from a PC (192.168.1.10/24) to a server at 10.0.0.5/24. The PC's default gateway is 192.168.1.1. Router R1 has a directly connected route to 10.0.0.0/24 via interface GigabitEthernet0/1, which is connected to another VLAN. The server is actually located on the 10.0.0.0/16 network, reachable via a static route through 192.168.1.2. What is the most likely cause of the connectivity issue?

Which TWO statements correctly describe how a router selects the best path for a destination network when multiple routing table entries exist?

Which TWO statements about interpreting routing table output are true? (Choose two.)

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes, a default route, and a floating static route with a higher administrative distance, then verify with show ip route and show ipv6 route.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes, a default route, and a floating static route with higher administrative distance, then verify the routing tables.

Which TWO statements about IPv4/IPv6 static routing are true?

Drag and drop the route types on the left to the correct administrative distance and use case descriptions on the right.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure a single-area OSPFv2 network on two Cisco routers (R1 and R2) and observe the neighbor state transitions from Down to Full.

Drag and drop the following OSPFv2 neighbor state transitions into the correct order, starting from the initial Down state on a broadcast or point-to-point network (non-NBMA).

Drag and drop the following OSPFv2 neighbor state transitions into the correct order, starting from the initial state when no neighbor information has been received.

Drag and drop the following OSPFv2 neighbor state transitions and DR/BDR election steps into the correct order for a multi-access network where a new router joins an existing OSPF area.

Drag and drop the following OSPFv2 neighbor state transitions and DR/BDR election steps into the correct order for a multi-access network with default priority values.

Drag and drop the following commands into the correct order to configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on a Cisco router.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to explicitly configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on a Cisco IOS-XE router, assuming no OSPFv3 routing process exists beforehand.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on a Cisco router.

Which TWO statements accurately describe OSPFv3 configuration and verification for IPv6?

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure HSRP version 2 on an interface and ensure the router becomes the active router, then verify the HSRP state.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure HSRP on a Cisco IOS-XE router, including priority, preempt, virtual IP, and then verify the active/standby election and failover process.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure HSRP on an interface and verify the active/standby election process, including failover and verification.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure and verify HSRP active/standby election, including priority, preempt, virtual IP, and failover verification.

Which TWO statements are true regarding HSRP active/standby election, priority, and preemption?

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to describe the router's routing table lookup process for a destination IP address, including the best-path selection logic (longest prefix match, then administrative distance, then metric) and the final forwarding decision.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to describe how a router selects the best path and forwards a packet, using the routing table lookup process from destination IP to forwarding decision.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order for the router's routing table lookup process when forwarding a packet to a destination IP address, including the best-path selection logic.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to describe the router's routing table lookup process for a destination IP address, including best-path selection using longest prefix match, administrative distance, and metric.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to describe the router's routing table lookup process from receiving a packet with a destination IP address to making the forwarding decision, including best-path selection criteria.

You are connected to R1 via console. The network has a primary link to the ISP via R2 and a backup link via R3. Configure IPv4 and IPv6 floating static default routes on R1 so that the primary path goes through R2 (AD 1) and the backup through R3 (AD 10). Additionally, configure a static route on R1 for the internal LAN 192.168.10.0/24 via R2 (AD 1). The current configuration includes a static default route ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.3, which causes a recursive routing failure because 10.0.0.3 is not a valid next-hop address. Identify and fix the issue, then apply the floating static routes.

You are connected to R1. Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes, default routes, and floating static routes so that R1 can reach the Internet via R2 (IPv4 and IPv6). The primary route to the Internet should use next-hop 203.0.113.2 (IPv4) and 2001:db8:203:0:113::2 (IPv6). A backup floating static route with administrative distance 200 must exist for IPv4 only, using next-hop 198.51.100.2. Ensure the default routes are correctly configured and troubleshoot any recursive routing failure. Note: R1 currently has an incorrect IPv6 default route pointing to 2001:db8:198:51:100::2 that must be removed.

You are connected to R1 via the console. R1 has two directly connected interfaces: G0/0 to R2 (IPv4 only) and G0/1 to a LAN switch (dual stack). Your task: configure IPv4 and IPv6 default routes on R1 pointing to R2 (next-hop 10.0.0.2 and 2001:db8:1::2). Also configure a floating static route to 192.0.2.0/24 via R2 with an administrative distance of 10 (so it is used only if the directly connected route fails). The current running-config shows an incorrect static route that causes recursive routing failure. Identify and fix the issue.

You are connected to R1. The network consists of three routers: R1, R2, and R3. R1 must reach the loopback network 203.0.113.0/24 on R3 via two paths: a primary static route through R2's G0/0 (192.0.2.2) and a floating static route through R2's G0/1 (198.51.100.2) with an administrative distance of 150. Additionally, R1 already has a default route pointing to 192.0.2.2. Configure the two static routes to 203.0.113.0/24 on R1 as described. The default route does not need to be changed. Verify that the primary route is active and the floating route is used only if the primary fails.

You are connected to a multilayer switch MLS1. Configure a static default route for IPv4 that points to next-hop 192.0.2.2, but also configure a floating static default route with an administrative distance of 10 that uses next-hop 198.51.100.2. Additionally, configure a static host route for IPv6 host 2001:db8:1::10/128 via next-hop 2001:db8:1::1. The current configuration has a recursive routing failure for the IPv4 default route because the next-hop 192.0.2.2 is not reachable; you must first fix that by adding a directly connected static route. Ensure the floating route becomes active only when the primary route fails.

You are connected to R1 via console. R1 must forward traffic to the 203.0.113.0/24 and 2001:db8:1::/48 networks through R2 (10.0.0.2/30, 2001:db8:ff::2/64). The primary path must use a next-hop of 10.0.0.2 for IPv4 and 2001:db8:ff::2 for IPv6. Additionally, configure a floating static default route for IPv4 that uses R3 (192.0.2.2/30) as a backup only when the primary path fails. The current configuration has errors: the IPv4 static route points to a wrong next-hop (10.0.0.5) and the primary default route is missing, causing the floating route (AD 100) to become active instead of serving as a backup. Fix these issues so that both primary and backup routes work correctly.

You are connected to R1. Configure static routes so that R1 can reach the IPv4 network 203.0.113.0/24 and the IPv6 network 2001:db8:acad:1::/64 via R2 (G0/0 10.0.0.2/30). Additionally, configure a floating static default route (IPv4) with an administrative distance of 200 via R2, and a fully specified IPv6 default route via R2. Then, verify that the IPv4 static route to 203.0.113.0/24 is correctly installed by checking the routing table. The current configuration has an incorrect next-hop causing recursive routing failure for the IPv4 static route.

You are connected to R1 via console. R1 must reach the remote loopback 2001:db8:1::1/128 on R3 via R2 (2001:db8:0:2::2/64). Currently, IPv6 ping fails. Additionally, configure a floating static default route via R2 (198.51.100.2/30) with an appropriate AD so that it only becomes active if a dynamic default route (with default AD 1) is absent. Identify and fix the recursive routing failure, correct the next-hop, set the correct AD, and ensure the default route is present.

You are connected to R1 via the console. Configure single-area OSPFv2 on R1 and R2 so that they form a full adjacency. The link between R1 and R2 uses 203.0.113.0/30. R1 has G0/0 203.0.113.1/30 and R2 has G0/0 203.0.113.2/30. R1's router-id must be 1.1.1.1, and R2's router-id must be 2.2.2.2. R1's GigabitEthernet0/0 interface is configured as a passive interface under OSPF, preventing OSPF hello messages from being sent out of that interface. Ensure that R1 does not send OSPF hellos out of its loopback0 interface (203.0.113.129/32). After configuration, verify the adjacency is established and OSPF routes are exchanged.

You are connected to R1 via console. R1 and R2 are directly connected via GigabitEthernet0/0. Configure OSPF process 1 on both routers so that they form a full adjacency. R1's router-id must be 1.1.1.1, and R2's router-id must be 2.2.2.2. Use network statements to advertise the direct link. Ensure that R1 does not send OSPF hellos out of its GigabitEthernet0/1 interface. The current configuration on R1 has mismatched hello and dead timers, and an incorrect network type, preventing adjacency. Fix all issues.

You have console access to both R1 and R2. Configure OSPFv2 on both routers to establish a single-area adjacency in area 0. The link between R1 and R2 uses 10.0.0.0/30. Currently, OSPF is not configured on either router. After configuration, verify the adjacency forms and routes are exchanged.

You are connected to R1. R1 has OSPF configured on GigabitEthernet0/0 with network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1, ip ospf hello-interval 10, and ip ospf dead-interval 40. R2 has OSPF configured on its GigabitEthernet0/0 with network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0, ip ospf hello-interval 5, and ip ospf dead-interval 20. Correct these mismatches so that R1 and R2 become OSPF neighbors.

You are connected to R1 via the console. Configure single-area OSPFv2 on R1, R2, and R3 so that all three routers can exchange routes. The current configuration has mismatched hello/dead timers on the link between R1 and R2, and an area mismatch on the link between R2 and R3. Correct these issues and ensure OSPF adjacencies form.

You are connected to R1. Configure OSPFv2 on R1 and R2 so that they form a full adjacency and can exchange routes. The current configuration has mismatched hello/dead timers blocking the adjacency. Adjust only the necessary settings on R1 to match R2's OSPF timers.

You are connected to R1 via console. R1 and R2 are directly connected via their GigabitEthernet0/0 interfaces. Configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on both routers so that the loopback0 interface on R2 (with IPv6 address 2001:db8:acad:2::1/64) is reachable from R1. Enable IPv6 unicast routing, enable OSPFv3 on the appropriate interfaces, and verify the neighbor adjacency and routing table. (Note: R2 already has OSPFv3 configured and is waiting for R1 to complete its configuration.)

You are connected to R1, a router that must establish OSPFv3 adjacency with R2 over the directly connected link G0/0. The current configuration is incomplete: OSPFv3 process is configured but not enabled on the interface, and global IPv6 unicast routing is missing. Configure R1 so that it becomes an OSPFv3 neighbor with R2 and learns the loopback route 2001:db8:1:2::/64 via OSPFv3. Then verify neighbor state and routing table.

You are connected to R1 via console. Configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on R1 and R2 so that IPv6 loopback interfaces on both routers can communicate. R1's GigabitEthernet0/0 and R2's GigabitEthernet0/1 are directly connected. Ensure OSPFv3 is enabled on the correct interfaces and verify neighbors and routes.

You are connected to R1. Configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on R1 and R2 so that the loopback0 interface on R1 (IPv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64) can ping the loopback0 interface on R2 (IPv6 address 2001:db8:2::1/64). The routers are connected via their GigabitEthernet0/0 interfaces using IPv6 addresses 2001:db8:12::1/64 (R1) and 2001:db8:12::2/64 (R2). OSPFv3 process ID 100 must be used, and all interfaces must be in area 0.

You are connected to R1. Configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 so that R1 and R2 can exchange IPv6 routes over their directly connected link. Enable IPv6 routing, assign OSPFv3 process and area on the interface, and verify that the neighbor adjacency forms and routes appear in the IPv6 routing table.

You are connected to R1 via console. Configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on both R1 and R2 so that the loopback0 interface on R2 (IPv6 address 2001:db8:1:2::1/64) is reachable from R1. The link between R1 and R2 uses the subnet 2001:db8:1:1::/64 with R1's G0/0 having IPv6 address 2001:db8:1:1::1/64 and R2's G0/0 having 2001:db8:1:1::2/64. OSPFv3 process ID must be 100 and all interfaces must be in area 0. After configuration, verify OSPFv3 neighbors and the IPv6 route to the loopback0 network.

You are connected to R1. Configure HSRP so that R1 becomes the active router for VLAN 10, with a virtual IP of 192.168.10.1. Ensure that R1 preempts if it comes back online after a failure. Also, configure R1 to decrement its HSRP priority by 20 if its GigabitEthernet0/1 interface goes down. The current configuration shows both routers as active — identify and fix the issues.

You are connected to R1. Configure HSRP on R1 and R2 so that R1 is the active gateway for VLAN 100 with a virtual IP of 192.0.2.254. R1 should preempt and track its G0/1 interface to decrement priority by 20 if it goes down. Currently, both routers show active for the group, and the virtual IP is incorrectly set. Troubleshoot and fix the configuration on R1 only.

You are connected to R1. The network requires HSRP for default gateway redundancy on subnet 192.168.1.0/24. R2 should be the active router, and R1 the standby. Currently, both routers show as active. Configure R1 with priority 90, enable preempt, ensure the virtual IP is 192.168.1.254, and configure tracking of interface GigabitEthernet0/1 (subnet 203.0.113.0/30) so that if R1's tracked interface goes down, its priority decreases by 20. Verify the final state with 'show standby brief'.

You are connected to R1, a multilayer switch acting as an HSRP active gateway for VLAN 100. The network requires R1 to be the active router with a virtual IP of 192.168.100.1. Currently, both R1 and the peer router R2 show as active in 'show standby brief', and the virtual IP is misconfigured. Configure HSRP on R1 to fix these issues: set priority to 110, enable preempt, correct the virtual IP, and track interface GigabitEthernet0/1 (decrement priority by 20 if it goes down).

You are troubleshooting connectivity from R1 to the 203.0.113.0/24 network. R1 is a multilayer switch running routed ports. Currently, R1 has two paths to reach that network: one via R2 (192.0.2.2) and one via R3 (198.51.100.2). The path via R2 is preferred, but after a link failure between R1 and R2, traffic should automatically fail over to the R3 path. However, after the failure, traffic is still being sent to R2. Examine the routing table and configuration, then fix the issue so that the floating static route takes over correctly when the primary route is lost.

You are connected to R1. Configure R1 so that it uses a floating static route to reach the 203.0.113.0/24 network via R2 only when the primary route (learned via EIGRP) fails. The primary route has an administrative distance of 90. Currently, R1 has no route to 203.0.113.0/24 because EIGRP is down on the direct link. Ensure the floating static route is installed and used.

You are connected to R1 via the console. The network currently uses EIGRP as its IGP, but you recently configured a static default route toward R2 (next-hop 203.0.113.2) to reach the Internet. However, traffic from R1 to the Internet is not taking the expected path. Examine the provided routing table and partial configuration, then fix the issue so that the static default route is used only when the EIGRP-learned default route is unavailable.

You are connected to R1. The network currently uses a static default route pointing to ISP1 (198.51.100.1) via GigabitEthernet0/0. However, the backup link to ISP2 (203.0.113.1) via Serial0/0/0 has a floating static default route with an administrative distance of 130. The backup route is not taking over when the primary link fails. Configure the floating static route correctly so that it becomes active when the primary route is lost, and verify that the routing table shows the backup default route with the appropriate next-hop.

You are troubleshooting a network connectivity issue on R1. The network 192.168.10.0/24 behind R2 must be reachable from R1 via the primary path through R2 (192.0.2.2). A backup path via R3 (198.51.100.2) should automatically take over if the primary fails. Currently, traffic to 192.168.10.0/24 is incorrectly using the backup path even though the primary path is operational. Analyze the routing table and configuration, then fix the issue so that the primary path is preferred when available.

You are troubleshooting connectivity from R1 to the 172.16.20.0/24 network. The network engineer configured a floating static route on R1 as a backup for the OSPF-learned route, but after the primary OSPF route fails, the backup does not take over. Examine the current routing table and partial configuration on R1, then fix the issue so that when the OSPF neighbor goes down, R1 can still reach 172.16.20.0/24 via R3.

Which three options accurately describe characteristics of OSPFv2 in a single area? (Choose three.)

Which three of the following are valid features of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)? (Choose three.)

Which three statements about IPv6 routing are correct? (Choose three.)

Which three of the following statements about the routing table lookup process on a Cisco router are true? (Choose three.)

Two directly connected routers, R1 and R2, are configured with single-area OSPF in Area 0. The administrator notices that they are not forming a full OSPF neighbor adjacency. The exhibit displays relevant portions of the running configurations. What is the most likely cause of the problem?

A network engineer configures a primary default route via Gi0/0 (next-hop 192.168.12.2) and a floating static default route via Gi0/1 (next-hop 192.168.12.6) with AD 200. To test failover, the engineer issues the shutdown command on Gi0/0. After this, the router does not have a default route in the routing table. Which problem explains this behavior?

A network administrator configures OSPF on two routers, R1 and R2, connected via their Serial0/0/0 interfaces (IP addresses 10.1.1.1/30 and 10.1.1.2/30). They verify that both routers use the same OSPF process ID and area 0, but R1's 'show ip ospf neighbor' shows no adjacencies. Given the partial exhibit from R1, what is the most likely cause of the adjacency failure and its correct solution?

An administrator configured a floating static default route on R1 as a backup to reach 10.10.10.0/24. The primary path is learned via OSPF, and the floating static route uses an administrative distance of 130. After the primary OSPF neighbor fails, traffic to 10.10.10.0/24 is dropped. According to the exhibit, why is the backup default route not being used?

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure and verify OSPFv3 neighbor adjacency using link-local addresses in area 0.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure and verify HSRP with priority and preemption on an interface.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to determine the best route to a destination using a routing table.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure an IPv4 default static route with a floating backup route on a Cisco router.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure single‑area OSPFv2 on a router, advertise the 192.168.10.0/24 and 10.0.0.0/24 networks in area 0, and set the GigabitEthernet0/0 interface as passive.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure and verify HSRP on a router interface.

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure OSPFv3 for IPv6 on a Cisco router and verify basic neighbor relationships.

Which TWO statements about IPv4 and IPv6 static routes, including floating static routes, are correct?

Which TWO statements are true about OSPFv2 neighbor adjacency, network statements, and passive interfaces?

A router learns a route to 172.16.0.0/16 via OSPF (administrative distance 110) and a route to 172.16.10.0/24 via EIGRP (administrative distance 90). No other overlapping routes exist. Which TWO statements about how the router handles these routes are correct?

An enterprise network uses an IPv6 dual-stack design. Router R1 has a primary default route ::/0 via 2001:db8:1::1 with AD 1 and a floating default route with AD 10 via link-local address fe80::2. After the primary link fails, the floating route fails to install, and R1 loses all external connectivity. The administrator confirms the backup interface is up/up.

An administrator has just configured OSPF in a single area between router R1 and router R2, which are directly connected via their Gi0/0 interfaces with IP addresses 10.0.0.1/30 and 10.0.0.2/30. On R1, the command show ip ospf neighbor shows no entries, and a further check on R2 with show ip ospf interface gi0/0 indicates that the interface is passive. Which configuration error is most likely causing the adjacency failure?

A network engineer notices that traffic from the router to server 192.168.10.5 is being sent over a slow backup link, even though the primary high-speed link is up. The routing table has an OSPF route for 192.168.10.0/24 via the primary link and a static host route to 192.168.10.5/32 via the backup link. Why is the backup link used for traffic to the server?

A network administrator has configured HSRP between RouterA and RouterB for VLAN 10. End hosts using the virtual IP 192.168.1.1 as their default gateway experience intermittent connectivity losses, and pings to 192.168.1.1 often fail. The output of 'show standby brief' on both routers shows the state as Active. What is the most likely cause?

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure Router R1 with OSPFv2 process 1 to form neighbor adjacencies only on GigabitEthernet0/1 while preventing OSPF hello packets on all other OSPF-enabled interfaces.

Which TWO statements about floating static routes and default routes are correct?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is troubleshooting an OSPF adjacency issue between R1 and R2. The output of the show ip ospf neighbor command on R1 shows the neighbor relationship with R2 stuck in the EXSTART/DROTHER state. What is the most likely cause?

A technician is troubleshooting an OSPF adjacency problem: R1 and R2 are not forming a neighbor relationship. R1's OSPF configuration includes the command 'network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0'. R2's GigabitEthernet0/0 is configured with IP address 10.1.1.1/30 and is participating in OSPF area 0. The engineer verifies that physical connectivity is fine and OSPF is enabled on R2. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A network technician is troubleshooting router R1, which cannot reach hosts on the internet. R1 is connected to an ISP router at 203.0.113.1. The exhibit shows the output of the show ip route command. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

A network engineer notices that R1 is using the static route to 192.168.10.0/24 via next-hop 10.1.1.2 instead of the OSPF route via 10.2.2.2, even though the OSPF path has lower latency. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting an OSPF adjacency on R1's GigabitEthernet0/0 interface connected directly to R2. R2 is powered on and shows correct OSPF configuration, but the adjacency is stuck in the INIT or DOWN state. Based on the output, what is the most likely cause of the failure?

A network engineer configures a static route: ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2. The next hop 10.1.1.2 is reachable via OSPF. Later, the engineer notices that the route to 192.168.10.0/24 has disappeared from the routing table. What is the most likely cause?

R1 loses its route to 192.168.20.0/24 whenever R2's GigabitEthernet0/0 interface flaps. The network engineer has configured a floating static route with an administrative distance of 200. The OSPF route has an AD of 110. After R2's G0/0 interface recovers, the floating static route appears in the routing table instead of the OSPF route. What should the technician do next?

A network engineer adds a loopback interface Lo0 with IP address 172.16.0.1/32 to router R1. After restarting the OSPF process, the OSPF router-ID changes from 10.1.1.1 to 172.16.0.1, and the neighbor relationship with R2 resets. What should the technician do next to prevent this disruption the next time a loopback is added?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer notices that traffic from R1 to the 10.1.0.0/16 network is taking a longer path than expected despite OSPF being the only routing protocol. The engineer examines the OSPF LSDB on R1 to investigate. Based on the output, what is the most likely cause of the suboptimal routing?

A technician is troubleshooting an OSPF network. On a broadcast segment, R1 is the DR and R2 is the BDR. R1's interface GigabitEthernet0/0 is shut down for maintenance. The technician expects that R2 will assume the DR role, but instead a new DR election occurs and another router is elected DR. What is the most likely cause?

After configuring a static discard route with the command 'ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Null0 254' on R1, a network engineer finds that traffic to destinations that are not in the routing table is still being forwarded out to the ISP instead of being dropped. What is the most likely cause?

A network technician is troubleshooting a router-on-a-stick configuration. R1 has sub-interface G0/0.10 with encapsulation dot1q 10 and IP 192.168.10.1/24, and sub-interface G0/0.20 with encapsulation dot1q 20 and IP 192.168.20.1/24. Hosts in VLAN 10 cannot reach hosts in VLAN 20. The physical interface G0/0 is up and no shutdown. Both sub-interfaces show up/up. What should the technician do next?

A technician configures OSPF on R1 using the command network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0. R1's GigabitEthernet0/0 interface has IP address 10.0.0.1/30 and is included in the OSPF process. The technician confirms the interface is not passive using the show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet0/0 command. However, R2 is not forming an OSPF adjacency with R1. What should the technician do next?

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer expects all traffic destined to the 10.10.10.0 network to be forwarded via 10.1.1.2. However, when testing connectivity to host 10.10.10.64, traffic is being sent to 10.2.2.2 instead. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is verifying OSPF routing on R1. All routers in the topology are expected to reside in OSPF area 0, and the network 172.16.0.0/16 should be advertised from R2 within the same area. The engineer issues the show ip route 172.16.0.0 command on R1 and sees the output in the exhibit. The engineer expected to see an intra-area route (O) instead of an inter-area route (O IA). What is the most likely cause of this discrepancy?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity to server 10.10.10.130. The routing table contains both a static route and an OSPF route for overlapping prefixes. The engineer examines the specific routing entry for 10.10.10.130. Based on the output, why does the router choose the route via 10.1.1.2 instead of the OSPF route via 10.2.2.2 (for 10.10.10.0/24)?

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is troubleshooting connectivity from a branch router R1 to the internet. A ping to 8.8.8.8 from R1 fails. The output of the show ip route command is shown. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting why not all OSPF neighbors are fully adjacent on a multi-access broadcast segment. After issuing the show ip ospf neighbor command on R1, the output is displayed. What is the most likely cause of the 2WAY/DROTHER state for neighbor 172.16.1.1?

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is troubleshooting a missing route on R1. The router R3 is configured to advertise network 192.168.30.0/24 via OSPF, but the route is not present in the OSPF routing table of R1 when issuing the show ip route ospf command. What is the most likely cause?

After configuring the area 0 range 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 command on an OSPF ABR, a technician finds that a host at 10.0.5.100 in Area 1 cannot reach hosts in Area 0. The ABR’s OSPF database shows only the summary 10.0.0.0/16 in Area 0, and no individual /24 routes. What is the most likely cause?