CCNA 200-301 v2 (200-301) — Questions 1726–1800

Option B is incorrect because HTTPS does not remove the need for tokens or credentials; it only secures the transport layer. Authentication is still required to control access to APIs.

Option C is incorrect since JSON can be transmitted over any protocol, including HTTP and HTTPS. The choice of HTTPS is about securing the transport, not the data format.

Option D is incorrect because HTTP can carry API requests; however, it does so without encryption, making it unsuitable for sensitive data transmission.

Option B is incorrect because an API response that returns a list of interface objects should be structured as an array, not as a single integer. A single integer does not represent a collection of objects.

A native VLAN field is not a valid representation of a list of interface objects in JSON; it typically refers to a specific VLAN configuration in networking, not an array structure.

Option D is incorrect because an STP root bridge ID is a specific identifier related to Spanning Tree Protocol, not a representation of a list of interface objects in JSON format.

Option A is incorrect because a /29 subnet provides 8 total IP addresses, of which 6 are usable for hosts after accounting for the network and broadcast addresses.

Option C is wrong because a /29 subnet provides 8 total IP addresses, of which 6 are usable for hosts after reserving one for the network address and one for the broadcast address.

Option D is incorrect because a /29 subnet provides 8 total IP addresses, of which 6 are usable for hosts after accounting for the network and broadcast addresses. Therefore, stating that there are 30 usable addresses is inaccurate.

The scenario specifies a protocol that uses XML-based RPCs over SSH, which is a characteristic of NETCONF, not RESTCONF.

The scenario specifically asks for a standard, vendor-neutral data modeling language, which CLI is not.

Neither the data modeling language (CLI) nor the protocol (RESTCONF) matches the specified requirements of vendor-neutral data modeling and XML-based RPCs over SSH.

The access list correctly matches the internal subnet, so this is not the root cause.

Even without overload, dynamic NAT should work for the first 11 hosts; the problem is that return packets are not being translated.

The pool size is not the issue; the router is not translating return traffic due to missing 'ip nat outside'.

The specific factual error is that the client uses WPA3-Personal, so changing to WPA2-PSK does not meet the requirement. Also, VLAN 20 is the wrong VLAN.

The specific factual error is that the SSID is currently hidden and the client cannot see it; enabling broadcast is required, not disabling.

The specific factual error is that WPA3-Personal uses a pre-shared key, while WPA3-Enterprise requires 802.1X authentication. The client is configured for Personal mode.

This option fails to account for the explicit passive interface state shown on R2. A missing network statement would not cause the interface to be displayed as passive; it would simply not be enrolled in the OSPF process.

This is a common misconception, but process ID mismatch does not affect OSPF neighbor formation. The passive interface status on R2 directly contradicts this as the cause.

The passive interface status would not appear if the only issue were interval mismatches; the interface would still be active and sending hellos. This directly conflicts with the given show output.

Root Guard and UDLD do not directly address the requirement for a port to quickly transition to forwarding while shutting down upon receiving a BPDU. Root Guard is used to prevent a port from becoming a root port, while UDLD is for detecting unidirectional links.

Loop Guard and native VLAN do not directly address the requirement for a port to quickly transition to forwarding while shutting down upon receiving a BPDU. Loop Guard is designed to prevent loops by keeping a port in a loop-inconsistent state, and native VLAN is related to VLAN tagging, not port state management.

Port security and EtherChannel do not directly address the need for a switch port to quickly transition to forwarding mode while also shutting down upon receiving a BPDU. Port security focuses on limiting MAC addresses and EtherChannel is used for link aggregation, neither of which fulfill the specific requirements of this question.

The scenario explicitly mentions successful pings to IP addresses, so name resolution is not the cause.

The command output explicitly shows 'overload', and the symptom (ping works, TCP fails) is inconsistent with a missing overload keyword.

A static NAT conflict would affect all traffic (including ICMP), not just web traffic.

A distribute-list requires explicit configuration; its absence makes this an unsubstantiated guess.

Area border routers receive all LSAs from non-backbone areas; the area boundary does not stop LSA propagation to the ABR itself.

The null0 route is a loop-prevention mechanism, not an absolute traffic blocker; more-specific entries in the routing table take precedence.

The specific factual error is that a reachable gateway implies correct configuration; if the gateway were wrong, pinging it would fail.

The specific factual error is that reachability to the next hop requires a route; if R1 were missing a default route, it could not forward packets to the next hop.

The specific factual error is that DNS is only needed for name resolution; pinging an IP address bypasses DNS entirely.

Uses AD 2 instead of the specified AD 200 and a wrong next-hop of 10.2.2.1.

Uses AD 1 (equal to the primary route's AD), preventing failover, and a wrong next-hop of 10.2.2.1.

Uses AD 250 instead of the required AD 200 as specified in the question, and still uses the wrong next-hop.

This action assumes the DHCP request has already reached the server; it bypasses verifying the network path that would deliver the broadcast to the server, which is the most likely missing piece.

Candidates might think that if the ping fails, the problem is network connectivity, but APIPA addresses are non-routable and the test itself is invalid in this context.

Many techs jump to rebooting a service when a simple configuration check would reveal the real problem. This violates the principle of least intrusive troubleshooting.

The current configuration uses access mode with voice vlan, which is correct for a phone+PC setup. Trunk mode is unnecessary and could break the phone's untagged traffic expectations.

The voice vlan is correctly configured for the phone; the problem is with the data vlan assignment for the desktop.

Portfast is beneficial for host ports; disabling it would worsen the issue by introducing STP convergence delays.

Option A is incorrect because multifactor authentication strengthens authentication processes but does not remove the need for authorization policies. Authorization controls determine what an authenticated user can access, which remains essential regardless of the authentication method.

Option C is incorrect because while MFA reduces the risk of phishing attacks by requiring multiple factors, it does not guarantee that credentials can never be phished. Attackers may still find ways to bypass or trick users into revealing multiple factors.

Option D is incorrect because authentication methods like MFA do not replace encryption on the network. Encryption protects data confidentiality and integrity during transmission, which is a separate security function from verifying user identity.

Static NAT provides a fixed one-to-one mapping between private and public IP addresses. It does not use port numbers to allow multiple inside hosts to share a single public IP, so it cannot fulfill the requirement of the question.

NTP authentication secures Network Time Protocol messages and is unrelated to address translation or NAT. It does not allow multiple hosts to share a public IP address.

Port security controls which MAC addresses can access a switch port to enhance Layer 2 security. It does not perform IP address translation or use port numbers to share public IP addresses.

The virtual IP address is wrong; it should be 192.168.1.1, not 192.168.1.254.

The decrement value is 10 instead of the required 15.

The priority is not increased; it remains at the default 100, so R1 may not become the Active router.

Neighbor adjacency failure due to timer mismatch would have prevented R2 from becoming BDR at all.

High priority increases the chance of being elected DR, not decrease it.

Point-to-point networks do not have DR/BDR elections, so R2 could not have been BDR.

Option C is incorrect because the token does not change the API protocol from REST to SNMP; authentication methods do not alter the underlying management protocol.

Option D is incorrect because tokens are managed dynamically by client applications and are not stored in router startup-config files, which hold static device configurations.

APs use Ethernet frames, not PPP encapsulation; PPP is used for serial links.

CAPWAP does not assign IP addresses; DHCP handles that, but removing the AP's IP does not correct the gateway mismatch.

Disabling DHCP on the controller would break all APs, not just AP-22, and does not address the gateway issue.

192.168.10.0/25 covers IP addresses from 192.168.10.0 to 192.168.10.127. Since the host IP is 192.168.10.129, which is greater than .127, it does not belong to this subnet, making this option incorrect.

192.168.10.64/25 is not a valid /25 subnet boundary within a /24 network. /25 subnets split at .0 and .128 only, so this option is invalid and cannot contain the host 192.168.10.129.

192.168.10.192/25 is not a valid /25 subnet boundary within a /24 network. The /25 mask divides the network into two subnets only, starting at .0 and .128, so this option is incorrect.

The native VLAN being missing would not directly cause a port to go err-disabled when connecting an IP phone and workstation; it typically results in VLAN mismatches or communication issues rather than disabling the port.

BPDU Guard is designed to protect against loops by disabling ports that receive Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs). In this scenario, the port is err-disabled due to port security violations, not because of BPDU Guard activation.

DHCP snooping denying the voice VLAN would typically result in the IP phone failing to receive an IP address, rather than causing the port to go err-disabled. The err-disabled state is more likely due to port security violations when multiple devices are connected.

The question explicitly requires NetFlow version 9, and traffic monitoring must be limited to the 10.10.10.0/24 network.

Enabling all traps is unnecessary and may cause unwanted overhead; the flow monitor must be applied to the correct interface(s) based on traffic flow, not the network address.

NetFlow requires a flow monitor to be applied to an interface to capture traffic; it does not automatically monitor all traffic.

The TCP handshake succeeded, so the Transport layer is working. The error message is generated by the application, not the transport protocol.

Successful TCP connection implies IP routing (Layer 3) is working. The error is not related to addressing or routing.

Email sending failures are typically application logic errors, not encryption/formatting or session problems. Also, DNS is an Application layer protocol, not Session or Presentation.

CDP advertisements are sent every 60 seconds by default, not 30.

CDP discovers only directly connected neighbors; it does not propagate beyond one Layer 2 hop.

CDP operates at Layer 2 and does not require devices to be in the same IP subnet.

Option B is incorrect because northbound APIs do not replace physical network devices; forwarding hardware remains essential for actual data transmission and network operation.

Option C is incorrect since northbound APIs are software interfaces, not physical cabling standards, and have no relation to data center uplink cabling specifications.

Option D is incorrect because northbound APIs still require security measures such as authentication and authorization; they do not eliminate the need for security controls.

The trap level should be set to 'notifications' (level 5) or higher severity to forward level 5 messages; 'informational' is lower severity and would not forward level 5 messages.

The trap level is currently 'informational' (6), not 'notifications'. Changing to 'debugging' would forward all messages, but the requirement is to forward level 5 and above, which is achieved by setting trap level to 'notifications' (5).

Setting the trap level to 'emergencies' would filter out all messages except level 0, so level 5 messages would not be forwarded.

Administrative distance is a routing protocol metric used to select the best path and does not relate to access-switch port security. It does not control port access or prevent unauthorized devices, so option C is incorrect.

Route summarization is a routing optimization technique that reduces routing table size and update traffic. It does not provide any security controls for user-facing switch ports, so option D is incorrect.

Root Guard prevents a port from being elected as root port, not from receiving BPDUs on an access port.

Loop Guard prevents loops caused by BPDU loss on blocked ports, not from BPDU reception on access ports.

UDLD detects unidirectional links but does not disable a port when a BPDU is received.

The specific factual error is that Cisco IOS XE RESTCONF implementation does not support XML content type; it only supports JSON.

The specific factual error is that the admin status is not available under the native YANG model; it is under ietf-interfaces.

The specific factual error is that RESTCONF requires the media type application/yang-data+json, not generic application/json. Additionally, the module name prefix is required in the JSON body.

Load-balancing configuration does not influence the bundle state of a port-channel; it only affects frame distribution. The output shows a physical/logical inconsistency, not a hashing algorithm problem.

Candidates may mistakenly think the whole bundle fails if one port is down, but the output clearly states Gi0/1 is operational. The failure is due to Gi0/2's native VLAN mismatch.

A common misconception is that any down or suspended link indicates an STP loop. However, 'show etherchannel detail' presents the explicit reason, and the native VLAN mismatch line directly contradicts this option.

The SFP-GE-SX-MM is a multimode SFP with the same distance limitation as the original SFP-GE-SX.

The speed must match exactly; 100 Mbps is not compatible with 1000 Mbps.

When auto-negotiation is disabled, speed and duplex must be manually set; otherwise, the interface may default to half-duplex or other incompatible settings.

Adding another SSID is incorrect because it only creates a new wireless network segment and does not provide any traffic flow or bandwidth usage information. It does not help identify which applications or hosts are using the link.

PortFast is an STP feature that speeds up port transitions on edge ports but does not monitor or analyze traffic flows. It has no relevance to identifying bandwidth usage or application-level visibility.

Using a larger wildcard mask in ACLs affects traffic filtering rules but does not provide analytics or visibility into traffic flows. ACLs do not report on bandwidth consumption or application usage.

The interface does not automatically detect and adjust speed/duplex for a new SFP; explicit reconfiguration is required.

Setting speed 1000 and duplex full is not correct because fiber SFPs typically use auto-negotiation, and forcing these parameters can cause negotiation failures.

Maintaining speed 100 and duplex full on a 1000BASE-LX SFP is incorrect because the SFP operates only at 1000 Mbps, so the interface must be configured accordingly (speed auto/duplex auto).

Option A is incorrect because the broadcast address for the subnet 172.22.14.99/27 is 172.22.14.127, not 172.22.14.95. The /27 subnet mask indicates that the last 5 bits are for host addresses, allowing for a range of addresses that ends at 172.22.14.127.

Option C (172.22.14.96) is incorrect because it falls within the usable host range of the subnet and is not the broadcast address. The broadcast address for the subnet 172.22.14.96/27 is actually 172.22.14.127.

Option D, 172.22.14.128, is incorrect because it does not fall within the subnet defined by 172.22.14.99/27, which has a valid range of 172.22.14.96 to 172.22.14.127. The broadcast address for this subnet is 172.22.14.127.

Misidentifying the WLAN security type: WPA3-Personal does not require an enterprise supplicant, so this is not the cause.

Confusing radio resource management with connection establishment: OFDMA settings do not block initial association, only data transmission efficiency.

Misattributing connection failures to channel bandwidth settings; these are negotiated after successful association and do not impact the 802.11 authentication and association phases.

The specific factual error is that trunk ports are used to carry multiple VLANs between switches, not for connecting end devices like phones and PCs. The correct method is to use an access port with a voice VLAN.

The specific factual error is that 'power inline never' explicitly disables PoE, which would prevent the phone from powering on. The correct command is 'power inline auto' to enable PoE detection and delivery.

The specific factual error is that the VLAN numbers are reversed. The access VLAN should be the data VLAN (10), and the voice VLAN should be 20. Swapping them would place data traffic in VLAN 20 and voice in VLAN 10, which is not the intended configuration.

YANG is a data modeling language used to define the structure of network data but is not the actual data format used in REST API communication, making it an incorrect choice.

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol for preventing loops in Ethernet networks and has no relation to data formatting in REST APIs, so it is incorrect.

TFTP is a simple protocol used for file transfers, such as IOS images, and is not a data format used in REST APIs, making it an invalid choice.

EtherChannel is a technology used to combine multiple physical links into a single logical link for increased bandwidth and redundancy, but it does not separate user and voice traffic on a switchport. Therefore, it does not fulfill the requirement of carrying voice and user traffic separately.

SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer) is used for monitoring and capturing traffic on a switch port, not for separating user and voice traffic. It does not provide the necessary functionality to handle VLANs for voice and data traffic on a single port.

The Native VLAN is used for untagged traffic on a trunk port and does not separate voice and user traffic on an access port. It is not designed to handle the specific requirements of carrying both voice and data traffic separately.

The line protocol down state is a Layer 2 indicator, not a Layer 3 problem. It reflects the failure of the data link layer to establish a connection, independent of IP addressing.

The 'interface up' part of the status explicitly confirms that the physical layer (Layer 1) is operational. A faulty cable would cause both physical and line protocol to show down.

Line protocol down indicates a Layer 2 failure, which occurs before any routing decision. Even without a routing protocol, the line protocol would come up if Layer 2 were functional, because the interface status is independent of routing.

MTU mismatch can cause OSPF adjacency problems during the database exchange phase, but it does not typically prevent the initial neighbor relationship from forming. Since the question states adjacency cannot form, MTU mismatch is unlikely the primary cause.

Missing router IDs do not prevent OSPF adjacency because routers automatically generate a router ID if none is configured. Therefore, this option is not a valid cause for adjacency failure.

A duplicate static route to 10.1.12.0/30 does not affect OSPF neighbor formation, as static routes are unrelated to OSPF adjacency processes. This option is irrelevant to the adjacency issue.

Incorrect. DHCP does not resolve hostnames to IP addresses; this is the responsibility of DNS, a separate IP service.

Incorrect. DHCP does not participate in routing protocol operations like OSPF designated router election, which is a function of OSPF itself.

Incorrect. DHCP supplies subnet masks to clients but does not replace the need for subnet masks; subnetting remains a fundamental network design concept.

Placing an extended ACL as close to the destination can lead to unnecessary traffic being processed by intermediate devices, which is inefficient. Extended ACLs are designed to filter traffic based on source and destination, so positioning them closer to the source enhances performance and security.

This option is incorrect because placing an extended ACL only on the default gateway limits its effectiveness in controlling traffic originating from various sources across the network. Extended ACLs should be strategically placed closer to the source to filter traffic before it reaches the destination.

Placing an extended ACL only on WAN interfaces can lead to inefficient traffic filtering, as it may not adequately control traffic originating from internal sources. Extended ACLs should ideally be positioned close to the source to effectively manage traffic before it reaches the destination.

Incorrect because static routes can reference exit interfaces directly; Cisco routers support static routes with either next-hop IP addresses or exit interfaces.

Incorrect because the subnet mask length (such as /16 vs /24) does not prevent a static route from being installed; the issue is the interface state, not the mask.

Incorrect because static routes do not depend on NTP or time synchronization for installation; this is unrelated to static routing behavior.

This is a common misconception; OSPFv3 uses the router ID for neighbor identification, not the process ID.

Link-local addresses are automatically configured and do not affect OSPFv3 adjacency as long as they are unique.

In this scenario, no neighbors are seen, indicating a more fundamental issue like OSPFv3 not being enabled on the interface.

The specific factual error: The crypto key and 'ip ssh' are necessary for SSH operation, but the VTY transport setting is the immediate cause of connection failure.

The specific factual error: There is no indication that SSH version 1 is in use; the issue is the VTY transport setting.

The specific factual error: A domain name is required for SSH key generation, but the VTY transport setting is the direct cause of the connection failure.

Option C is incorrect because administrative distance is not compared before prefix length; prefix length is the primary factor in route selection, making this option a common misconception.

Option D is incorrect because Cisco routers do not load-balance between a default route and a more specific route; these routes are not considered equal-cost and the more specific route is always preferred.

Incorrect. The `inside` keyword only marks an interface as internal for NAT direction but does not enable multiple hosts to share one outside address.

Incorrect. The access list (`list 1`) specifies which internal addresses are translated but does not activate PAT or many-to-one sharing by itself.

Incorrect. Specifying the interface determines the outside IP address used for translation but does not enable PAT without the `overload` keyword.

Direct manipulation of physical layer hardware is not a core AIOps capability; AIOps operates on data and software-based automation, not direct hardware control.

Guaranteed elimination of all false positive alarms is impossible because no AI system can achieve perfect accuracy; AIOps reduces but does not eliminate false positives.

Candidates often assume any VLAN mismatch with VLAN 1 indicates a trunk misconfiguration, but a missing access VLAN is the more common and direct cause.

Candidates might think that an outdated MAC record is causing the VLAN display, but the dynamic learning process reflects the actual port VLAN.

Tempting because a blocked port can disrupt connectivity, but the MAC address table entry would still appear on the correct VLAN, not default to VLAN 1.

A lower AD indicates a more trustworthy source, so the route with the lower AD is preferred, not the higher one.

Metrics are only comparable within the same routing protocol (e.g., OSPF cost vs. EIGRP composite metric). For different protocols, AD is used to select the best route.

A lower AD is preferred; OSPF AD 110 is lower than 200, so the OSPF route would be chosen.

Incorrect. DHCP pools assign IP addresses to clients and are unrelated to NAT or PAT configuration. Lack of a DHCP pool on the outside interface does not affect PAT functionality.

Incorrect. CDP is a Layer 2 protocol used for device discovery and does not influence NAT or PAT operations. Its absence does not cause internet access issues related to PAT.

Incorrect. Syslog servers are used for logging and monitoring router events. Not configuring a syslog server does not impact NAT translation or internet connectivity.

Static NAT only provides a one-to-one mapping between private and public IP addresses, so it cannot support multiple internal users sharing one public IP address simultaneously, making it unsuitable for the scenario.

No NAT is incorrect because private IPv4 addresses are not routable on the public Internet; without NAT, internal users cannot access external resources using private IPs alone.

DHCP relay is unrelated to NAT or IP address translation; it simply forwards DHCP requests between clients and servers and does not enable sharing of public IP addresses for Internet access.

Disabling IP routing on the Layer 3 switch would prevent inter-VLAN routing entirely. Since both VLAN interfaces are up and the host can ping its local SVI, IP routing is likely enabled, so this is not the first item to verify.

The native VLAN setting affects untagged traffic on trunk links but does not directly impact inter-VLAN routing or the ability of hosts to communicate across VLANs. It is not the primary cause of the described symptom.

Using a /8 mask instead of /24 would cause subnetting issues, but since the host can ping its own VLAN interface, the subnet mask is likely correct. This is not the first or most probable cause of the problem.

The specific factual error: The SNMP trap destination and NetFlow export destination are swapped, and the flow direction is egress instead of ingress.

The specific factual error: SNMP traps should use the read-only community string 'public', not the read-write 'private'.

The specific factual error: NetFlow export version is set to 5, but the requirement is version 9.

Option A, 10.10.10.7, is incorrect because it does not represent the broadcast address for the subnet defined by 10.10.10.14/29. The correct broadcast address is 10.10.10.15, which is the highest address in the subnet range.

The address 10.10.10.8 is not the broadcast address for the subnet 10.10.10.14/29. The correct broadcast address is 10.10.10.15, which is the highest address in the subnet range from 10.10.10.8 to 10.10.10.15.

The address 10.10.10.16 is outside the subnet defined by 10.10.10.14/29, which includes addresses from 10.10.10.8 to 10.10.10.15. Therefore, it cannot be the broadcast address for this subnet.

Telnet transmits credentials in plaintext, making it less secure than SSH and opposite to the goal of stronger authentication.

An ACL restricts source addresses but does not strengthen the authentication factor itself; it is an authorization control, not an authentication improvement.

Removing password authentication and relying on location removes all credential verification, making the device vulnerable to unauthorized access from permitted locations.

The specific factual error is that the passive-interface command is applied on the wrong router (R2 instead of R1) and the timers are changed on R1 instead of R2.

The specific factual error is that the timer change is applied to the wrong interface (R1's G0/0 already has correct timers) and the passive-interface is applied to the wrong router.

The specific factual error is that the timer values are not changed; they remain mismatched with R1's timers.