CompTIA ITF+ FC0-U61 FC0-U61 Questions 676–750 | Page 10/14

676

Multi-Selectmedium

A technician is choosing expansion cards for a new workstation. The workstation will be used for high-end gaming and video editing. Which TWO cards are most essential for these tasks?

Select 2 answers

A.Network interface card (NIC)

B.TV tuner card

C.Graphics card (GPU)

D.Sound card

E.USB expansion card

AnswersC, D

Required for rendering graphics in games and video editing.

Why this answer

A dedicated GPU is essential for gaming and video editing, and a sound card provides high-quality audio.

Full explanation →

677

MCQhard

A programmer declares a variable 'price' and assigns it the value 19.99. In most programming languages, what is the data type of this variable?

A.Boolean

B.Float

C.String

D.Integer

AnswerB

Float is used for numbers with decimal points.

Why this answer

19.99 is a number with a decimal point, so it is a floating-point number (float). Integer is a whole number, string is text, and boolean is true/false.

Full explanation →

678

Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO of the following are types of software licenses? (Select TWO).

Select 2 answers

A.Proprietary

B.Router

C.Open source

D.Switch

E.Firewall

AnswersA, C

Proprietary licenses restrict use and modification.

Why this answer

Proprietary software licenses grant the creator exclusive rights to the software, typically restricting modification, redistribution, and access to the source code. This is the standard model for commercial software like Microsoft Windows or Adobe Photoshop, where users purchase a license to use the software but do not own it.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates confuse hardware networking components (router, switch, firewall) with software license types, as all are common IT terms but belong to entirely different conceptual domains.

Full explanation →

679

MCQmedium

A user reports that their computer is running slowly and the network activity light is constantly on. The technician runs the command shown in the exhibit. Based on the output, what is the most likely cause?

A.The computer is experiencing a denial-of-service (DoS) attack

B.The computer is infected with malware communicating with a command-and-control server

C.The user is running excessive web browsing sessions

D.The firewall is misconfigured and blocking legitimate traffic

AnswerB

Multiple connections to the same remote server are a sign of botnet or C2 activity.

Why this answer

The exhibit shows multiple established connections from the local computer to the same remote IP on port 443 (HTTPS). This pattern suggests a botnet or malware establishing multiple command-and-control channels. Option B is correct because it indicates a malware infection.

Option A is wrong because a DoS attack would typically show many connections from different sources. Option C wrong because a firewall misconfiguration would block or allow traffic, not create multiple connections. Option D wrong because excessive web browsing would show connections to various IPs, not just one.

Full explanation →

680

MCQmedium

You are the IT administrator for a small company with 50 employees. The company uses a shared network drive for project files. Employees have read/write access to all folders on the drive. Recently, a ransomware attack encrypted many files on the network drive after an employee's workstation became infected. The employee had mapped the drive as a local letter. Backups are available but restoring takes several hours. Management wants to reduce the risk of future ransomware damage to the network drive. You are considering implementing one of the following controls. Which control would be most effective in limiting the spread of ransomware to the network drive?

A.Enable disk encryption on the network drive.

B.Implement file-level permissions so users only have write access to folders they need.

C.Install antivirus software on all workstations and schedule weekly scans.

D.Require all employees to use a VPN when accessing the network drive.

AnswerB

Least privilege reduces the scope of encryption if a workstation is infected.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because implementing file-level permissions with least privilege limits the number of files a ransomware infection can encrypt. Option B is wrong because VPN is for remote access, not internal protection. Option C is wrong because antivirus may not prevent malware from running.

Option D is wrong because disk encryption protects data at rest but does not prevent ransomware from encrypting files.

Full explanation →

681

MCQeasy

A user needs to edit a PDF file that was received as an attachment. What type of application is required?

A.A PDF editor.

B.A video player.

C.A web browser.

D.An image editing application.

AnswerA

PDF editors like Adobe Acrobat provide editing capabilities.

Why this answer

A PDF editor is specifically designed to modify the content, structure, and metadata of PDF files, such as adding text, images, or annotations. Unlike a viewer, a PDF editor provides the necessary tools to edit the file directly, which is required when a user needs to make changes to a received PDF attachment.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the misconception that a web browser or image editor can fully edit PDFs because they can display or convert them, but they lack the native ability to modify the PDF's internal structure and save changes without data loss.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because a video player is designed to decode and render video/audio codecs (e.g., H.264, AAC), not to edit or manipulate PDF files, which are based on PostScript and contain structured document objects. Option C is wrong because a web browser can display PDFs via built-in plugins or PDF.js, but it lacks the ability to save changes to the PDF file's internal object tree or modify its content streams. Option D is wrong because an image editing application works with raster or vector graphics (e.g., JPEG, PNG, SVG) and cannot natively parse the PDF file format's cross-reference table, page tree, or embedded fonts without specialized conversion.

Full explanation →

682

MCQhard

A database administrator notices that a transaction that updates two tables is failing halfway, leaving data inconsistent. Which property of ACID ensures that the database returns to its original state if the transaction fails?

A.Consistency

B.Durability

C.Isolation

D.Atomicity

AnswerD

Atomicity guarantees that all parts of a transaction succeed or none do, allowing rollback on failure.

Why this answer

Atomicity (option D) ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. If any part of the transaction fails (e.g., updating the second table), the entire transaction is rolled back, and the database returns to its original state before the transaction began. This prevents partial updates that would leave data inconsistent.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the distinction between Atomicity and Consistency, where candidates mistakenly think Consistency handles rollback, but Atomicity is the property that ensures the entire transaction is undone on failure.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another, but it does not handle rollback on failure—that is the role of Atomicity. Option B is wrong because Durability guarantees that once a transaction is committed, its changes persist even after a system crash, but it does not undo a failed transaction. Option C is wrong because Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, but it does not provide rollback mechanisms for a single failing transaction.

Full explanation →

683

MCQeasy

A technician is explaining the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory. Which of the following is an example of volatile memory?

A.Hard disk drive

B.RAM

C.Solid-state drive

D.USB flash drive

AnswerB

RAM is volatile; data is lost when power is off.

Why this answer

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory because it requires continuous electrical power to retain data; once the system is powered off, all data stored in RAM is lost. This is in contrast to non-volatile memory, which retains data without power. The question specifically asks for an example of volatile memory, and RAM is the classic example.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse 'memory' with 'storage' and incorrectly assume that any device used to save files (like a USB drive or SSD) is volatile, when in fact volatile memory specifically refers to components like RAM that lose data on power loss.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because a hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage device that uses magnetic platters to retain data even when power is removed. Option C is wrong because a solid-state drive (SSD) uses NAND flash memory, which is non-volatile and retains data without power. Option D is wrong because a USB flash drive also uses NAND flash memory and is non-volatile, designed to preserve data when unpowered.

Full explanation →

684

MCQhard

An IT administrator applies the software restriction policy shown in the exhibit. What is the intended effect of this policy?

A.Allows executables in the Temp folder to run.

B.Blocks executables in Program Files but allows in AppData.

C.Blocks all executables on the system.

D.Allows executables in Program Files to run, but blocks others.

AnswerD

Default is disallowed, but Program Files is unrestricted.

Why this answer

The software restriction policy shown in the exhibit uses a 'Disallowed' default rule, which blocks all executables by default. It then creates an 'Unrestricted' path rule for `%ProgramFiles%`, which explicitly allows executables in that folder to run. Therefore, executables in Program Files are allowed, while all others (e.g., in Temp, AppData, or Downloads) are blocked.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume the 'Disallowed' default rule blocks everything, overlooking that a path rule for Program Files creates an explicit exception, making option D correct rather than option C.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because the policy does not include a path rule for the Temp folder; the default 'Disallowed' rule blocks executables there. Option B is wrong because the policy blocks executables in AppData (no allow rule) and allows executables in Program Files, not the reverse. Option C is wrong because the policy explicitly allows executables in Program Files via the path rule, so it does not block all executables on the system.

Full explanation →

685

MCQeasy

A help desk technician receives a ticket that a user cannot access a shared folder. The technician verifies the network cable is connected and the user can ping the server. What should the technician check next?

A.Restart the user's computer

B.Check the DNS server settings

C.Check the default gateway configuration

D.Check the permissions on the shared folder

AnswerD

Permissions control access to shared resources; incorrect permissions are a common cause of access issues.

Why this answer

Since the user can ping the server, Layer 3 (network layer) connectivity is confirmed, ruling out issues with the network cable, DNS resolution, and default gateway. The inability to access a shared folder despite successful ping points to a permissions issue at the file system or share level, which is independent of basic network connectivity. Checking the permissions on the shared folder is the logical next step to verify that the user's account has the necessary read/write access rights.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume network connectivity issues (DNS, gateway, or physical layer) are the cause of shared folder access problems, but the ability to ping the server isolates the issue to higher-layer permissions or authentication.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because restarting the user's computer is a generic troubleshooting step that does not address the specific symptom of inaccessible shared folder when network connectivity is already verified. Option B is wrong because checking DNS server settings is unnecessary when the user can ping the server by hostname or IP, indicating name resolution is working; if the ping used an IP address, DNS is irrelevant. Option C is wrong because checking the default gateway configuration is irrelevant when the user can ping the server, which proves that traffic is being routed correctly through the gateway to the destination network.

Full explanation →

686

MCQhard

A company requires employees to use a one-time code from a smartphone app in addition to their password to log into the corporate VPN. This is an example of:

A.Single factor authentication

B.Multi-factor authentication

C.Two-step verification using the same factor

D.Biometric authentication

AnswerB

Correct. Password (know) and code (have) are two factors.

Why this answer

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) combines something you know (password) and something you have (smartphone app generating a code). This is MFA.

Full explanation →

687

MCQeasy

A technician is setting up a small office network. Which device should be used to connect multiple computers and allow them to communicate with each other?

A.Router

B.Modem

C.Switch

D.Hub

AnswerC

A switch connects devices on a local network and forwards frames based on MAC addresses.

Why this answer

A switch operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward frames only to the specific port where the destination device is connected. This allows multiple computers on the same local network to communicate directly with each other without unnecessary traffic, making it the correct device for interconnecting computers in a small office LAN.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse a switch with a hub because both have multiple ports and connect computers, but the key distinction is that a switch uses MAC address learning and forwarding logic (Layer 2) while a hub is a simple electrical repeater (Layer 1).

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because a router is a Layer 3 device that forwards packets between different networks (e.g., connecting a LAN to the internet), not for directly connecting multiple computers on the same local subnet. Option B is wrong because a modem modulates and demodulates signals for WAN connectivity (e.g., DSL or cable), but it does not provide local switching or allow multiple computers to communicate with each other on a LAN. Option D is wrong because a hub is a Layer 1 device that blindly repeats electrical signals out all ports, causing collisions and inefficiency; it does not intelligently forward frames like a switch, and is not recommended for modern networks.

Full explanation →

688

Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of a strong password? (Select THREE)

Select 3 answers

A.At least 12 characters in length

B.Contains uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols

C.Includes the user's birth date

D.Is unique and not used on other accounts

E.Is reused across multiple accounts

AnswersA, B, D

Correct. Length is a key factor for strength.

Why this answer

A strong password is at least 12 characters long, contains a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols, and is not reused across accounts. Using personal information or common words makes passwords weak.

Full explanation →

689

MCQhard

A network administrator wants to restrict access to the wireless network to only approved devices. Which security feature should be enabled on the access point?

A.Firewall rules

B.Disable SSID broadcast

C.WPA2 encryption

D.MAC filtering

AnswerD

MAC filtering allows only whitelisted MAC addresses to connect.

Why this answer

MAC filtering allows the access point to permit or deny network access based on the device's MAC address, which is a unique hardware identifier. By creating an allowlist of approved MAC addresses, the administrator can restrict the wireless network to only those devices. This directly addresses the requirement to limit access to approved devices.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse MAC filtering with encryption or SSID hiding, thinking that hiding the network or using strong encryption alone can restrict device access, but neither prevents an unauthorized device from connecting if it has the SSID or password.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because firewall rules control traffic flow based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols, not device identity, and they do not restrict which devices can associate with the wireless network. Option B is wrong because disabling SSID broadcast only hides the network name from beacon frames; it does not prevent unauthorized devices from connecting if they know the SSID. Option C is wrong because WPA2 encryption secures data in transit and requires a pre-shared key or authentication server, but it does not restrict access to specific approved devices—any device with the correct credentials can connect.

Full explanation →

690

MCQeasy

A user wants to install software on a Linux system. Which file types are most commonly used for installing applications?

A..dmg and .pkg

B..app and .apk

C..deb and .rpm

D..exe and .msi

AnswerC

.deb and .rpm are standard Linux package formats.

Why this answer

Linux distributions commonly use .deb (Debian-based) and .rpm (Red Hat-based) packages.

Full explanation →

691

Multi-Selectmedium

Which THREE of the following are types of network topologies?

Select 3 answers

A.Mesh

B.Star

C.Bus

D.Triangle

E.Circle

AnswersA, B, C

Each device connects to many others.

Why this answer

A mesh topology connects each device to every other device, providing high redundancy and fault tolerance. It is a valid network topology type commonly used in WANs and wireless networks.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests that only the three standard topologies (mesh, star, bus) are correct, and traps candidates into selecting 'circle' or 'triangle' because they sound like plausible geometric network shapes.

Full explanation →

692

Multi-Selectmedium

A user is troubleshooting a slow internet connection and has verified that the modem is working. The user suspects that the router is causing the issue. Which TWO of the following functions are typically performed by a home router? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Translates domain names to IP addresses

B.Assigns IP addresses via DHCP

C.Amplifies wireless signal

D.Performs NAT

E.Converts ISP signal to digital

AnswersB, D

DHCP server is common in home routers.

Why this answer

A home router typically performs NAT (Network Address Translation) to allow multiple devices to share a single public IP, and also provides DHCP to assign IP addresses to devices on the local network.

Full explanation →

693

Multi-Selecthard

A database administrator is configuring a virtual machine (VM) to run a high-performance database. The hypervisor is VMware ESXi. Which THREE resources should the administrator allocate to the VM to ensure optimal performance?

Select 3 answers

A.Virtual CPU (vCPU)

B.Virtual GPU (vGPU)

C.Virtual RAM (vRAM)

D.Virtual hard disk (vHDD)

E.Virtual NIC

AnswersA, C, D

Needed for processing database queries.

Why this answer

vCPU provides processing power, vRAM provides memory, and vHDD provides storage. vGPU is not typical for database servers, and virtual NIC is needed for network but not directly for performance of the database itself.

Full explanation →

694

MCQmedium

A company wants to protect its network from unauthorized external access. Which of the following devices should be configured to filter traffic based on port and protocol?

A.Network firewall

B.Host-based firewall

C.VPN concentrator

D.Antivirus software

AnswerA

Correct: a network firewall filters traffic between networks based on rules.

Why this answer

A network firewall examines incoming and outgoing traffic and can block or allow based on rules involving ports and protocols, providing a barrier between internal and external networks.

Full explanation →

695

MCQhard

A company uses a legacy application that only runs on Windows 7. The IT department plans to upgrade to Windows 10. What is the best approach to ensure compatibility?

A.Use Windows 10 compatibility mode for the application.

B.Replace the legacy application with a modern equivalent.

C.Run the application in a virtual machine with Windows 7.

D.Install the application directly on Windows 10 without changes.

AnswerA

Compatibility mode allows the app to run as if on an older OS.

Why this answer

Windows 10 compatibility mode allows the legacy application to run by emulating the environment of Windows 7, including specific service packs and settings. This is the best approach because it requires no additional hardware or software costs and preserves the existing application functionality without modification. Compatibility mode works by intercepting API calls and presenting the expected Windows 7 behavior to the application.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume a virtual machine is always the safest choice, but the question asks for the 'best approach' in terms of simplicity and cost, making compatibility mode the correct answer over the more resource-intensive VM solution.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because replacing the legacy application is not the best approach when compatibility mode can resolve the issue without the cost, time, and training required for a new application. Option C is wrong because running the application in a virtual machine adds overhead, requires a valid Windows 7 license, and is more complex to manage than using built-in compatibility mode. Option D is wrong because installing the application directly on Windows 10 without changes will likely fail due to API differences, security changes, or missing dependencies in the newer OS.

Full explanation →

696

MCQeasy

Which file system is commonly used on external USB drives for compatibility between Windows and macOS?

A.APFS

B.ext4

C.FAT32

D.NTFS

AnswerC

FAT32 is compatible with both Windows and macOS.

Why this answer

FAT32 is the correct answer because it is natively supported by both Windows and macOS for read and write operations, making it the most compatible file system for external USB drives that need to be used across both platforms. Unlike NTFS (which macOS can only read by default) and APFS (which Windows does not natively support), FAT32 has been a universal standard for cross-platform storage since the 1990s, though it has a 4 GB maximum file size limit.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume NTFS is fully compatible with macOS because macOS can read NTFS drives, but they overlook the lack of native write support, making FAT32 the safer choice for true cross-platform read/write compatibility despite its age and limitations.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because APFS (Apple File System) is the default for macOS internal drives and is not natively supported by Windows, requiring third-party software for access. Option B is wrong because ext4 is the standard file system for Linux and is not natively recognized by Windows or macOS without additional drivers or tools. Option D is wrong because NTFS is the default for Windows internal drives, but macOS can only read NTFS volumes natively (write support requires third-party software or a paid driver), making it less suitable for full read/write compatibility on external drives.

Full explanation →

697

MCQhard

A team is developing a new feature using an Agile methodology. The product owner wants to see a working version of the feature after each iteration. Which practice best supports this request?

A.Code review

B.Continuous integration

C.Refactoring

D.Writing comprehensive documentation

AnswerB

Continuous integration ensures that code changes are integrated and built frequently, providing a working version.

Why this answer

Continuous integration (CI) is the practice of automatically merging and testing code changes frequently, often multiple times per day. This ensures that after each iteration (sprint), the team has a working, integrated version of the feature, directly supporting the product owner's request to see a functional build. CI relies on automated builds and tests to catch integration issues early, enabling rapid feedback and delivery.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse 'continuous integration' with 'code review' or 'refactoring,' thinking that any quality practice supports iterative delivery, but only CI directly ensures a working integrated build after each iteration.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because code review focuses on manual inspection of code quality and logic, not on producing a working integrated version after each iteration; it does not automate the build or test process. Option C is wrong because refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior, aimed at improving maintainability, not at delivering a working feature increment. Option D is wrong because writing comprehensive documentation, while valuable for knowledge transfer, does not produce a working software version; it is a separate activity that can delay or distract from iterative delivery.

Full explanation →

698

MCQeasy

A user wants to open a PDF file but receives an error that no application is associated. Which action should the user take?

A.Update device drivers

B.Install a PDF reader

C.Rename the file to .docx

D.Restart the computer

AnswerB

A PDF reader is required to open PDF files.

Why this answer

The error 'no application is associated' means the operating system lacks a default program capable of handling the PDF file format. Installing a PDF reader, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader or a web browser with built-in PDF support, registers the necessary file association and allows the file to open correctly.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse a missing application association with a system-level error, leading them to choose a generic troubleshooting step like restarting or updating drivers instead of recognizing the need to install the appropriate software.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because updating device drivers addresses hardware communication issues, not software file associations. Option C is wrong because renaming the file to .docx does not change its internal structure; the file remains a PDF and will either fail to open or produce garbled content in a word processor. Option D is wrong because restarting the computer only clears temporary glitches and does not install the missing application or register the PDF file type association.

Full explanation →

699

Multi-Selecthard

A network technician is troubleshooting a server that is not reachable from the LAN. The server has a static IP address of 192.168.1.100/24 and a default gateway of 192.168.1.1. The technician pings the gateway successfully but cannot ping the server from another workstation on the same subnet. Which TWO steps should the technician take to resolve the issue?

Select 2 answers

A.Clear the ARP cache on the server

B.Replace the network cable

C.Verify the network adapter settings on the server

D.Check DNS resolution for the server

E.Check the server's firewall settings

AnswersC, E

Misconfigured adapter could cause subnet mismatch.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the technician can ping the gateway from the server, confirming Layer 3 connectivity to the router, but cannot ping the server from another workstation on the same subnet. This points to a local configuration issue on the server itself, such as a misconfigured subnet mask, a disabled network adapter, or incorrect IP settings. Verifying the network adapter settings ensures the server's IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway are correctly applied and the adapter is enabled.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume a successful ping to the gateway means the server is fully reachable, overlooking that local subnet communication requires correct subnet mask and adapter settings, not just gateway connectivity.

Full explanation →

700

MCQeasy

A user cannot connect to the internet. Which step is most appropriate to start troubleshooting?

A.Update the graphics driver

B.Replace the router

C.Reinstall the operating system

D.Check the network cable connection

AnswerD

Checking the physical cable is a fundamental step to ensure the link is active.

Why this answer

The most appropriate first step in troubleshooting a network connectivity issue is to check the physical layer (Layer 1 of the OSI model). A loose or unplugged network cable is a common cause of connectivity loss, and verifying the cable connection is quick, non-invasive, and follows the principle of starting with the simplest possible cause before escalating to more complex solutions.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the troubleshooting methodology by presenting a flashy, high-level solution (like reinstalling the OS) to distract from the fundamental step of verifying the physical connection, which candidates may overlook due to overthinking the problem.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because updating the graphics driver addresses display or rendering issues, not network connectivity; graphics drivers have no role in TCP/IP or Ethernet communication. Option B is wrong because replacing the router is a drastic, costly step that should only be considered after verifying all simpler components (cables, device settings, ISP status) and is not a starting point. Option C is wrong because reinstalling the operating system is an extreme measure that wipes user data and applications; it is reserved for software corruption or malware, not for a basic connectivity problem that could be caused by a disconnected cable.

Full explanation →

701

MCQmedium

A database table contains redundant employee data, leading to update anomalies. Which database design process should be applied to resolve this?

A.Normalization

B.Indexing

C.Denormalization

D.Query optimization

AnswerA

Normalization eliminates redundant data and reduces update anomalies.

Why this answer

Normalization is the database design process that eliminates redundant data and ensures data dependencies make sense, thereby resolving update anomalies. By decomposing a table into smaller, related tables and defining relationships through foreign keys, normalization reduces data duplication and maintains consistency during insert, update, and delete operations.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse normalization with indexing or query optimization because all three improve database performance, but only normalization addresses structural redundancy and update anomalies at the schema level.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B (Indexing) is wrong because indexing improves query performance by creating data structures for faster data retrieval, but it does not address data redundancy or update anomalies. Option C (Denormalization) is wrong because it intentionally adds redundant data to improve read performance, which would worsen update anomalies rather than resolve them. Option D (Query optimization) is wrong because it focuses on improving the efficiency of SQL query execution plans, not on restructuring the database schema to eliminate redundancy.

Full explanation →

702

MCQhard

Which of the following is a characteristic of a worm compared to a virus?

A.A worm is always disguised as legitimate software

B.A worm is a type of ransomware

C.A worm can self-replicate without user intervention

D.A worm requires a host file to replicate

AnswerC

Worms exploit network vulnerabilities to spread autonomously.

Why this answer

A worm can spread automatically without needing to attach to a host file or require user action, while a virus typically requires a host file and user execution to spread.

Full explanation →

703

Matchingmedium

Match each cloud service model to its description.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts

Matches

Virtual machines and storage

Platform for app development

Software accessed via browser

Virtual desktop infrastructure

Why these pairings

Cloud service delivery models.

Full explanation →

704

Multi-Selectmedium

A user wants to synchronize files, contacts, and calendar between their smartphone and tablet. Which THREE of the following methods can accomplish this?

Select 3 answers

A.iCloud sync

B.NFC

C.Bluetooth pairing

D.Google account sync

E.USB cable connection

AnswersA, D, E

Apple's cloud service syncs across iOS devices.

Why this answer

iCloud for iOS devices, Google account for Android, and direct USB connection can sync data.

Full explanation →

705

MCQhard

A web developer is creating a weather application that retrieves data from a third-party service. The service requires an identifier to track usage and authenticate requests. The developer includes this identifier in the HTTP header of each request. What is this identifier called?

A.JWT

B.Session ID

C.API key

D.OAuth token

AnswerC

API keys are simple identifiers used for authentication and tracking.

Why this answer

An API key is a unique identifier used to authenticate and authorize API requests, often passed in headers.

Full explanation →

706

Multi-Selecteasy

A user reports that their computer is not turning on. Which TWO hardware components should be checked first?

Select 2 answers

A.CPU

B.Power outlet

C.RAM

D.Power supply

E.Hard drive

AnswersB, D

A dead power outlet is a simple cause that should be verified first.

Why this answer

The power outlet is the first component to check because it is the most basic point of failure in the power delivery chain. If the outlet is dead or switched off, no power reaches the system, making it impossible for the computer to turn on. Verifying the outlet with a known working device (e.g., a lamp) quickly isolates this common issue before inspecting internal hardware.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often jump to internal components like the power supply or CPU first, forgetting the simplest external cause—a dead or switched-off power outlet—which is the most logical and quickest check in the troubleshooting process.

Full explanation →

707

Multi-Selecteasy

Which THREE are phases of the software development life cycle? (Choose three.)

Select 3 answers

A.Marketing

B.Planning

C.Deployment

D.Debugging

E.Coding

AnswersB, C, E

Planning is the initial SDLC phase.

Why this answer

The software development life cycle (SDLC) consists of distinct phases that guide the creation of software from initial concept to final deployment and maintenance. Planning is the foundational phase where project goals, scope, resources, and risks are identified, making it a core SDLC phase. Deployment and Coding are also standard phases, with Coding being the phase where source code is written and Deployment being the phase where the finished software is released to production.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates confuse common development activities like Debugging or Marketing with formal SDLC phases, leading them to select options that are tasks within a phase rather than the phase itself.

Full explanation →

708

Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of the Agile software development methodology?

Select 2 answers

A.Emphasis on detailed upfront planning

B.Heavy documentation

C.Rigid change control

D.Customer collaboration

E.Iterative development cycles

AnswersD, E

Agile promotes continuous customer involvement.

Why this answer

Agile emphasizes iterative development and customer collaboration, not upfront planning or heavy documentation.

Full explanation →

709

MCQhard

A company needs to connect two separate local area networks (LANs) in different buildings. Which device is required to route traffic between the networks?

A.Hub

B.Router

C.Switch

D.Bridge

AnswerB

A router operates at Layer 3 and can connect different networks.

Why this answer

A router is required to connect two separate LANs because it operates at Layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI model and uses IP addresses to make forwarding decisions. Unlike switches or bridges, routers can examine the destination IP address, consult a routing table, and forward packets between different subnets or networks, even if they use different data link layer technologies.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse a switch's ability to segment collision domains with the router's ability to segment broadcast domains and route between different IP networks, leading them to incorrectly select 'Switch' for inter-network connectivity.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because a hub operates at Layer 1 (Physical layer) and simply repeats electrical signals to all ports; it cannot make any forwarding decisions or separate traffic between networks. Option C is wrong because a switch operates at Layer 2 (Data Link layer) and forwards frames based on MAC addresses within the same broadcast domain; it cannot route traffic between different IP subnets. Option D is wrong because a bridge also operates at Layer 2 and connects two network segments within the same broadcast domain; it does not have the IP routing capability needed to connect separate LANs.

Full explanation →

710

MCQhard

An inventory database contains Products (ProductID int PK, ProductName varchar(50), Quantity int, Price decimal) and Sales (SaleID int PK, ProductID int FK, SaleDate date, QuantitySold int). A report is needed: for each product, show product ID, name, current quantity, and total quantity sold. An employee writes: SELECT p.ProductID, p.ProductName, p.Quantity, SUM(s.QuantitySold) AS TotalSold FROM Products p LEFT JOIN Sales s ON p.ProductID = s.ProductID ORDER BY p.ProductID; The query executes without error but the results are incorrect. For products with no sales, TotalSold displays the same value as p.Quantity. For products with sales, TotalSold shows the correct sum. Which action should the employee take to fix the query?

A.Replace LEFT JOIN with INNER JOIN

B.Add 'GROUP BY p.ProductID, p.ProductName, p.Quantity'

C.Use SUM(COALESCE(s.QuantitySold,0))

D.Remove the ORDER BY clause

AnswerB

Corrects aggregation by grouping per product.

Why this answer

The query uses an aggregate function (SUM) without a GROUP BY clause, which causes SQL to treat the non-aggregated columns (p.ProductID, p.ProductName, p.Quantity) as part of a single group. For products with no sales, the LEFT JOIN produces NULL for s.QuantitySold, and SUM(NULL) returns NULL, but the database engine incorrectly displays p.Quantity in the TotalSold column because the ungrouped query collapses rows unpredictably. Adding GROUP BY p.ProductID, p.ProductName, p.Quantity ensures SUM(s.QuantitySold) is calculated per product, returning NULL (or 0 if COALESCE is used) for products with no sales.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the requirement for GROUP BY when mixing aggregate and non-aggregate columns, exploiting the misconception that adding COALESCE or changing join types alone resolves the issue.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because replacing LEFT JOIN with INNER JOIN would exclude products with no sales entirely, which does not fix the incorrect TotalSold display and loses required data. Option C is wrong because SUM(COALESCE(s.QuantitySold,0)) would convert NULL to 0, but without a GROUP BY, the aggregate still operates on an ungrouped result set, so the incorrect display of p.Quantity for TotalSold persists. Option D is wrong because removing the ORDER BY clause only affects row ordering, not the aggregation logic; the fundamental issue of missing GROUP BY remains.

Full explanation →

711

Multi-Selectmedium

A user reports that their laptop cannot connect to the corporate Wi-Fi. Other devices are working fine. Which TWO troubleshooting steps should the technician take first? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Verify the SSID and password on the laptop.

B.Check the DHCP server for available IP addresses.

C.Update the network adapter driver.

D.Check if the laptop's wireless switch is turned on.

E.Restart the wireless router.

AnswersA, D

Incorrect credentials are a common cause.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because verifying the SSID and password is the most basic and common cause of a single device failing to connect to Wi-Fi. If other devices are working, the issue is isolated to the laptop, so checking its wireless configuration is a logical first step. This aligns with the 'isolate the problem' troubleshooting methodology.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may jump to network-wide solutions (like restarting the router or checking DHCP) instead of focusing on the single affected device, ignoring the principle of 'start with the simplest and most likely cause first.'

Full explanation →

712

Multi-Selecthard

A developer is using Git for version control. Which THREE actions are core Git operations? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.merge

B.commit

C.branch

D.debug

E.compile

AnswersA, B, C

merge combines changes from different branches.

Why this answer

commit, branch, and merge are fundamental Git operations for managing changes.

Full explanation →

713

Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO of the following are types of desktop applications?

Select 2 answers

A.Mobile app from Google Play

B.Server-side script

C.Web-based email client

D.Web browser

E.Media player like VLC

AnswersD, E

Web browsers like Chrome are desktop applications.

Why this answer

Desktop applications are installed locally and run on the user's computer.

Full explanation →

714

MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A user can successfully ping the local default gateway but cannot ping an external IP address. What is the most likely cause?

A.The internet connection is down

B.The network interface card is faulty

C.The DNS server is not responding

D.The subnet mask is misconfigured

AnswerA

The gateway works but external IP fails, indicating an issue beyond the gateway.

Why this answer

Since the user can successfully ping the local default gateway, the Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity within the local subnet is intact, ruling out issues with the NIC, subnet mask, or local routing. The failure to ping an external IP address indicates that traffic is not being forwarded beyond the local network, which most commonly occurs when the internet connection (WAN link) is down or the ISP's upstream router is unreachable.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the distinction between local connectivity (Layer 2/3 within subnet) and external connectivity (Layer 3 routing beyond the gateway), leading candidates to incorrectly blame DNS or subnet mask when the real issue is the upstream connection.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because a faulty network interface card would prevent all network communication, including the successful ping to the local default gateway. Option C is wrong because DNS resolution is not required to ping an external IP address; the ping command uses the IP address directly, so a non-responsive DNS server would not affect this test. Option D is wrong because a misconfigured subnet mask would cause the user to be unable to reach the default gateway itself, as the system would not correctly determine that the gateway is on the same subnet.

Full explanation →

715

MCQhard

A network technician is troubleshooting intermittent Wi-Fi dropouts in a crowded office building. The office uses 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz dual-band access points. Users report better range but more interference on one band. Which frequency band is likely experiencing more interference?

A.Both experience equal interference

B.5 GHz

C.2.4 GHz

D.Neither band experiences interference

AnswerC

Correct; 2.4 GHz is more prone to interference.

Why this answer

2.4 GHz has longer range but more interference from devices like microwaves and Bluetooth, and has fewer non-overlapping channels.

Full explanation →

716

MCQmedium

A small business needs to share documents among employees and allow real-time collaboration. Which type of application is best suited?

A.Using email to send attachments back and forth.

B.Implementing a cloud-based productivity suite.

C.Using a web browser to access public documents.

D.Installing a local office suite on each workstation.

AnswerB

Cloud suites like Google Workspace or Microsoft 365 allow simultaneous editing and sharing.

Why this answer

A cloud-based productivity suite (e.g., Microsoft 365, Google Workspace) stores documents on remote servers and provides real-time co-authoring, version history, and simultaneous editing via web or client applications. This directly meets the requirement for sharing documents and enabling real-time collaboration without the overhead of manual file distribution.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse 'accessing documents via a web browser' (Option C) with cloud-based collaboration, overlooking that public web documents typically offer read-only access and no editing or sharing controls.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because emailing attachments creates multiple file versions, lacks real-time co-editing, and introduces latency and version-control conflicts. Option C is wrong because using a web browser to access public documents only allows viewing, not editing or collaboration, and exposes sensitive data to uncontrolled access. Option D is wrong because a local office suite (e.g., standalone Microsoft Office) lacks built-in sharing and real-time collaboration features; users would still need to manually transfer files or use a separate sharing mechanism.

Full explanation →

717

MCQmedium

A programmer needs to represent the logic of a program that includes decisions and loops. Which tool is most suitable for visually representing this logic?

A.Algorithm

B.Flowchart

C.Data structure

D.Pseudocode

AnswerB

Flowcharts provide a visual representation of logic with standard symbols.

Why this answer

A flowchart uses symbols like diamonds for decisions and rectangles for processes to visually represent program logic.

Full explanation →

718

MCQmedium

A banking transaction transfers money from savings to checking. The system updates the savings balance, then the power fails before the checking balance is updated. Which ACID property is violated?

A.Atomicity

B.Isolation

C.Durability

D.Consistency

AnswerA

Atomicity requires all or nothing; partial update violates it.

Why this answer

Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. In this scenario, the transfer operation consists of two steps: deducting from savings and crediting to checking. Because the power failure occurs after the savings balance is updated but before the checking balance is updated, the transaction is left partially completed, violating atomicity.

The system must either complete both steps or roll back the first step to maintain atomicity.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse atomicity with consistency, thinking a partial update violates consistency first, but the core issue is that the transaction did not complete as an atomic unit, which is the direct violation of atomicity.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B (Isolation) is wrong because isolation concerns the visibility of intermediate transaction states to other concurrent transactions, not the completion of a single transaction. Option C (Durability) is wrong because durability guarantees that committed changes persist, but here the transaction was never committed due to the failure. Option D (Consistency) is wrong because consistency ensures that a transaction leaves the database in a valid state; while a partial update could lead to inconsistency, the primary violated property is atomicity, as the transaction failed to execute as an all-or-nothing unit.

Full explanation →

719

MCQmedium

A development team is using version control for their project. They need to isolate a new feature from the main codebase until it is complete. Which version control operation should they perform?

A.Merge

B.Commit

C.Branch

D.Push

AnswerC

Branching creates a separate workspace for developing a feature independently.

Why this answer

Branching creates a separate line of development within a version control system (e.g., Git, Mercurial), allowing the team to work on a new feature in isolation without affecting the main codebase (often called 'main' or 'master'). Once the feature is complete and tested, the branch can be merged back. This directly addresses the requirement to isolate work until it is finished.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the misconception that 'commit' or 'push' can isolate work, but these operations only record or share changes; they do not create a separate development path, which is the core purpose of a branch.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because a merge combines changes from two branches (e.g., a feature branch into main) and is used after the feature is complete, not to isolate it. Option B is wrong because a commit saves a snapshot of changes to the local repository but does not create a separate workspace or isolate the feature from the main codebase. Option D is wrong because a push uploads local commits to a remote repository (e.g., GitHub, GitLab) but does not provide isolation; it simply shares existing changes.

Full explanation →

720

MCQeasy

A developer needs to store a list of student grades (integers) and be able to add and remove grades easily. Which data structure is most appropriate?

A.Array

B.Linked list

C.Queue

D.Stack

AnswerA

Arrays allow random access and easy addition/removal (in dynamic arrays).

Why this answer

An array is the most appropriate data structure for storing a list of student grades (integers) when you need to add and remove grades easily. Arrays provide direct index-based access (O(1) for lookup) and support dynamic resizing in languages like Java (ArrayList) or Python (list), allowing efficient appending and removal by index. This makes arrays ideal for managing a collection of numeric values where order matters and frequent modifications are required.

Exam trap

Cisco often tests the misconception that linked lists are always better for frequent insertions/deletions, but the trap here is that the question emphasizes 'add and remove grades easily' without specifying positions, and arrays (especially dynamic ones) provide simpler and more efficient random access for integer data, making them the most appropriate choice in typical programming contexts.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B (Linked list) is wrong because while it allows efficient insertions and deletions at the ends, it requires O(n) traversal to access or modify elements by index, making it less suitable for random access to grades. Option C (Queue) is wrong because it follows FIFO (First-In-First-Out) order, restricting additions to the rear and removals from the front, which does not support arbitrary add/remove operations needed for a grade list. Option D (Stack) is wrong because it follows LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) order, only allowing push and pop at the top, which prevents easy insertion or removal of grades at any position.

Full explanation →

721

Multi-Selectmedium

A network technician is analyzing a hexadecimal IP address representation. Which TWO of the following are true about hexadecimal notation? (Select TWO).

Select 2 answers

A.It uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

B.It is used for memory addresses and MAC addresses.

C.Each hexadecimal digit represents 4 bits.

D.It is a base-8 system.

E.It is used to represent colour codes in HTML.

AnswersA, C

Correct.

Why this answer

Hexadecimal uses base-16, digits 0-9 and A-F. It is commonly used for MAC addresses and memory addresses.

Full explanation →

722

MCQeasy

A company wants to store product catalogs that vary in structure (different attributes per product). Which type of database is best suited?

A.Relational database

B.Network database

C.Hierarchical database

D.Document database

AnswerD

Document databases store JSON-like documents, allowing each product to have different attributes.

Why this answer

A document database (NoSQL) is ideal for storing product catalogs with varying structures because it stores data in flexible, schema-less documents (e.g., JSON or BSON). Each product can have different attributes without requiring predefined columns or schema migrations, unlike relational databases. This allows the company to handle heterogeneous product data efficiently.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often default to relational databases for all structured data, failing to recognize that 'varying structure' is a key indicator for a NoSQL document store, not a relational or legacy database model.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because relational databases require a fixed schema with predefined columns, making it difficult to store products with varying attributes without extensive null values or table redesigns. Option B is wrong because network databases use a graph-like structure with records and sets, which is rigid and not designed for schema-less, document-oriented data. Option C is wrong because hierarchical databases organize data in a strict parent-child tree structure, which cannot accommodate products with different attributes without forcing a uniform schema across all records.

Full explanation →

723

MCQmedium

A developer writes code to store a collection of employee names in a structure that allows adding names at the end and removing names from the front, following a first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. Which data structure is the developer implementing?

A.Tree

B.Array

C.Queue

D.Stack

AnswerC

A queue operates on FIFO principle.

Why this answer

A queue follows FIFO order: elements are added at the rear and removed from the front.

Full explanation →

724

MCQmedium

Which of the following best describes the principle of least privilege?

A.Access should be granted based on seniority within the organization.

B.All users should have the same level of access to ensure consistency.

C.Users should have the minimum access needed to perform their tasks.

D.Users should have full administrative access to their own devices.

AnswerC

Correct. Least privilege means minimal necessary access.

Why this answer

The principle of least privilege grants users only the permissions necessary to perform their job functions, minimizing potential damage from accidents or attacks.

Full explanation →

725

MCQmedium

A project team is in the phase where they gather business requirements, define project scope, and create a project plan. This phase occurs before any design or coding begins. Which SDLC phase is being described?

A.Implementation

B.Analysis

C.Planning

D.Design

AnswerC

Planning is the first SDLC phase where scope and requirements are defined.

Why this answer

Option C (Planning) is correct because the SDLC Planning phase is specifically where business requirements are gathered, project scope is defined, and a project plan is created before any design or coding begins. This phase establishes the high-level goals, feasibility, and resource allocation that drive all subsequent phases.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse the 'Analysis' phase with the 'Planning' phase, mistakenly thinking that requirements gathering is exclusive to Analysis, when in fact Planning is the first phase where high-level business requirements and scope are defined before any detailed analysis begins.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A (Implementation) is wrong because the Implementation phase involves actual coding, deployment, and system rollout, which occurs after design and testing, not before. Option B (Analysis) is wrong because while Analysis involves requirements gathering, it typically focuses on detailed functional and technical requirements after the Planning phase has already defined scope and created the project plan. Option D (Design) is wrong because the Design phase creates the system architecture, data models, and interface specifications based on requirements gathered in earlier phases, and it occurs after Planning and Analysis.

Full explanation →

726

Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO of the following are input devices? (Select two.)

Select 2 answers

A.Printer

B.Mouse

C.Monitor

D.Speaker

E.Keyboard

AnswersB, E

A mouse provides input through movement and clicks.

Why this answer

A mouse is an input device because it captures physical movement and button clicks, converting them into digital signals that the computer interprets to control the cursor or execute commands. It sends data to the system rather than receiving or outputting information, which is the defining characteristic of an input device.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse 'peripheral devices' with 'input devices,' mistakenly selecting output-only peripherals like printers or monitors because they are commonly connected to a computer, but the question specifically tests the direction of data flow.

Full explanation →

727

Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE of the following are best practices for creating secure passwords?

Select 3 answers

A.Use the same password for all accounts for memorability

B.Change password every 90 days

C.Use at least 8 characters

D.Use personal information like birthdate

E.Include a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols

AnswersB, C, E

Regular changes limit the window of exposure if stolen.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because regular password changes (e.g., every 90 days) limit the window of exposure if a password is compromised. This practice aligns with NIST SP 800-63B guidelines, which recommend periodic rotation to mitigate risks from credential theft or brute-force attacks.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the misconception that password reuse is acceptable for memorability, but security best practices require unique passwords per account to prevent credential stuffing attacks.

Full explanation →

728

Matchingmedium

Match each software license type to its description.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts

Matches

Source code freely available

Source code not shared

Free to use, but not open source

Free trial before purchase

Why these pairings

Common software licensing models.

Full explanation →

729

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is moving its email system to a cloud provider. The provider offers the software, platform, and infrastructure. Which TWO cloud service models are being used? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.SaaS (Software as a Service)

B.PaaS (Platform as a Service)

C.Public cloud

D.Hybrid cloud

E.IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

AnswersB, E

PaaS provides platform for application development and deployment.

Why this answer

Email as a service is typically SaaS (Software as a Service). The underlying infrastructure and platform are provided by IaaS and PaaS respectively. Public cloud is a deployment model, not a service model.

Full explanation →

730

MCQhard

A technician is troubleshooting a network connectivity issue on a laptop. The laptop connects to the company's wireless network but cannot access the internet. The technician checks the IP configuration and sees an IP address of 169.254.1.5. What is the most likely cause?

A.The DHCP server is unreachable.

B.The DNS server is down.

C.The router is misconfigured.

D.The network cable is faulty.

AnswerA

APIPA indicates DHCP failure.

Why this answer

169.254.x.x is an Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) address, assigned when DHCP fails.

Full explanation →

731

MCQmedium

In a database, which SQL statement is used to add new records to a table?

A.DELETE

B.UPDATE

C.SELECT

D.INSERT INTO

AnswerD

INSERT INTO adds new records.

Why this answer

INSERT INTO adds new rows. SELECT retrieves data, UPDATE modifies existing data, DELETE removes data.

Full explanation →

732

MCQhard

A database has a 'Students' table and an 'Enrollments' table. Which type of relationship exists if a student can enroll in multiple courses and each course can have multiple students?

A.Many-to-many

B.Many-to-one

C.One-to-many

D.One-to-one

AnswerA

Correct. Students and courses have a many-to-many relationship, often implemented via a junction table.

Why this answer

A many-to-many relationship requires a junction table (like Enrollments) linking the two tables.

Full explanation →

733

MCQeasy

Which wireless standard operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, providing faster speeds and better performance in crowded environments compared to its predecessor?

A.802.11n

B.802.11g

C.802.11ax

D.802.11ac

AnswerC

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) is the latest standard with dual-band support and improved performance.

Why this answer

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) operates on both bands, offers higher data rates, and handles multiple devices efficiently. It is the latest mainstream standard.

Full explanation →

734

MCQeasy

A developer needs to repeat a set of instructions exactly 10 times. Which programming construct should be used?

A.For loop

B.Variable

C.Function

D.If-else statement

AnswerA

A for loop is designed for iterating a specific number of times.

Why this answer

A for loop is the correct construct because it is specifically designed to execute a block of code a predetermined number of times, such as exactly 10 iterations. The loop's initialization, condition, and increment/decrement components allow precise control over the repetition count, making it ideal for this requirement.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the distinction between iteration (loops) and selection (conditionals), so the trap here is that candidates may confuse an if-else statement with a loop, thinking it can repeat instructions by nesting, but it cannot inherently iterate a fixed number of times.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because a variable is a named storage location for data, not a control structure for repeating instructions. Option C is wrong because a function is a reusable block of code that executes when called, but it does not inherently repeat instructions a fixed number of times without additional looping logic. Option D is wrong because an if-else statement is a conditional construct that executes code based on a boolean condition, not a mechanism for repetition.

Full explanation →

735

MCQmedium

A software team is developing a mobile payment application using the waterfall model. They have completed the requirements, design, and implementation phases. During system testing, testers discover that the app crashes when processing transactions over $10,000. Further investigation reveals that the design specification for the transaction module did not account for large amounts, causing an overflow error. The project manager holds a meeting to decide the next steps. The team estimates that fixing the issue will require redesigning the transaction module, updating the code, and retesting, which will add two weeks to the schedule. The client's contract includes a penalty for late delivery but also a clause requiring the software to be free of critical defects. The team has already used most of the contingency time. What is the BEST course of action?

A.Switch to an agile methodology immediately and iterate on the fix without formal approval.

B.Submit a formal change request to the change control board to approve a redesign of the transaction module.

C.Ignore the issue because only a few transactions exceed $10,000, and hope testers overlook it.

D.Continue with current implementation and patch the crash after release as a maintenance update.

AnswerB

This follows the waterfall process and addresses the defect properly, even if it delays the project.

Why this answer

Submitting a formal change request follows the waterfall process and protects the team from blame, while addressing a critical defect.

Full explanation →

736

MCQeasy

A user reports that a program does not start when double-clicking. The technician checks that the computer meets the minimum requirements. Which concept is being applied?

A.System requirements

B.Virtualization

C.File compression

D.Encryption

AnswerA

Checking system requirements ensures the computer can run the program.

Why this answer

System requirements define the minimum hardware and software specifications needed for a program to run correctly. By checking that the computer meets these requirements, the technician is verifying compatibility before troubleshooting other issues. This directly applies the concept of system requirements, which include CPU speed, RAM, disk space, and OS version.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse 'system requirements' with broader IT concepts like virtualization or encryption, but the question specifically asks which concept is applied when verifying hardware/software compatibility for program execution.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because virtualization refers to creating virtual versions of hardware or software (e.g., hypervisors like VMware or Hyper-V), not verifying hardware compatibility for a specific application. Option C is wrong because file compression reduces file size using algorithms like ZIP or GZIP, and has no bearing on whether a program can start. Option D is wrong because encryption protects data confidentiality via algorithms like AES or RSA, and does not address system compatibility or startup failures.

Full explanation →

737

MCQeasy

Which of the following is the binary representation of the decimal number 5?

A.0100

B.0011

C.0110

D.0101

AnswerD

0101 is binary for 5.

Why this answer

In binary, 5 is 0101 (often written as 101). 4 in binary is 0100, 6 is 0110, and 3 is 0011.

Full explanation →

738

MCQhard

A security analyst discovers that a file on a server has been modified without authorization. However, the system logs show that the modification was made by an authenticated user who had legitimate access to the file. Which aspect of the CIA triad has been violated?

A.Non-repudiation

B.Integrity

C.Availability

D.Confidentiality

AnswerB

Unauthorized modification violates integrity.

Why this answer

Integrity ensures data is not altered by unauthorized parties. Even though the user was authenticated, the modification was unauthorized, violating integrity.

Full explanation →

739

MCQeasy

Which file extension is typically associated with a compressed archive?

A..zip

B..pdf

C..exe

D..docx

AnswerA

.zip is a widely used compressed archive format.

Why this answer

The .zip file extension is the standard for compressed archives, using algorithms like DEFLATE (RFC 1951) to reduce file size and bundle multiple files into a single container. This makes it the correct answer for identifying a compressed archive format.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse file types that contain compressed data (like .docx, which is a ZIP-based format) with actual compressed archives, leading them to incorrectly select .docx instead of .zip.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B (.pdf) is wrong because .pdf is the Portable Document Format, used for presenting documents with fixed layout, not for compression or archiving. Option C (.exe) is wrong because .exe is an executable file format for Windows programs, not a compressed archive. Option D (.docx) is wrong because .docx is a Microsoft Word document format that uses ZIP compression internally but is not itself a compressed archive; it is a document file.

Full explanation →

740

MCQmedium

A user wants to remove a record from a database table. Which SQL command should be used?

A.SELECT

B.INSERT

C.UPDATE

D.DELETE

AnswerD

DELETE removes records.

Why this answer

DELETE removes rows from a table.

Full explanation →

741

Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE of the following are examples of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offerings? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.Object storage service

B.Virtual machine instances in the cloud

C.Managed database service

D.Web-based email application

E.Cloud load balancer

AnswersA, B, E

Storage is a fundamental IaaS component.

Why this answer

Object storage service is an IaaS offering because it provides raw storage resources over the internet, allowing users to store and retrieve data without managing the underlying hardware. In IaaS, the cloud provider handles the physical infrastructure, while the customer controls the storage configuration and access. This aligns with the IaaS model of offering fundamental computing resources like storage, compute, and networking.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates confuse managed services (like databases) with IaaS, not realizing that PaaS abstracts more of the management layer, while IaaS provides raw compute, storage, and networking resources.

Full explanation →

742

MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. What is the most likely cause of this installation error?

A.Lack of administrative privileges

B.Insufficient disk space

C.Corrupted DLL file

D.Missing system files

AnswerA

'Access is denied' typically means the user does not have sufficient rights.

Why this answer

The error message indicates that the installation cannot proceed because the user lacks the necessary permissions to write to protected system directories or registry keys. On Windows, installing software typically requires administrative privileges to modify the Program Files folder, system registry, and other protected resources. Without these privileges, the installer is blocked by User Account Control (UAC) or the operating system's security policies, resulting in this specific error.

Exam trap

CompTIA often tests the distinction between permission errors and resource errors, so the trap here is that candidates confuse a privilege-related error with a disk space or file corruption issue, especially when the error message does not explicitly say 'administrator'.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because insufficient disk space would produce a different error, such as 'Not enough disk space' or 'Disk full', not a permissions-related message. Option C is wrong because a corrupted DLL file would typically cause runtime errors or 'DLL not found' messages during or after installation, not a pre-installation permission denial. Option D is wrong because missing system files would usually trigger a 'System file not found' or 'Component missing' error, not an access-denied or privilege-related error.

Full explanation →

743

MCQmedium

A small business wants to connect its computers to share files and printers. Which of the following network devices would BEST facilitate this?

A.Switch

B.Router

C.Hub

D.Modem

AnswerA

A switch creates a local network and allows file/printer sharing.

Why this answer

A switch operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward frames only to the specific port where the destination device is connected. This creates a dedicated, collision-free path between the computers, making it the ideal device for connecting multiple computers within a local area network (LAN) to share files and printers efficiently.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse a switch with a hub, assuming both simply 'connect' devices, but the exam tests the understanding that a switch provides intelligent, collision-free forwarding at Layer 2, while a hub is a dumb repeater that degrades performance in a LAN.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B (Router) is wrong because a router operates at Layer 3 and is designed to connect different networks (e.g., a LAN to the internet), not to directly interconnect computers within the same LAN for file and printer sharing. Option C (Hub) is wrong because a hub is a Layer 1 device that blindly repeats all incoming signals to every port, causing collisions and inefficient bandwidth usage, which is unsuitable for reliable file and printer sharing. Option D (Modem) is wrong because a modem modulates and demodulates signals to connect a LAN to an internet service provider (ISP), not to interconnect local computers.

Full explanation →

744

MCQmedium

A software tester writes tests to verify that individual functions in a module return correct results when given specific inputs. These tests are isolated from other parts of the system. Which type of testing is being performed?

A.Integration testing

B.User acceptance testing

C.Unit testing

D.System testing

AnswerC

Unit testing tests individual units/functions in isolation.

Why this answer

Unit testing is the correct answer because it involves testing individual functions or methods in isolation to verify they return correct outputs for specific inputs. This aligns directly with the scenario where the tester is focusing on single modules without dependencies on other system parts, which is the core definition of unit testing in software development.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates confuse 'testing individual functions' with 'integration testing' because they overlook the key phrase 'isolated from other parts of the system,' which is the hallmark of unit testing, not integration testing.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because integration testing verifies interactions between multiple modules or components, not isolated functions. Option B is wrong because user acceptance testing (UAT) is performed by end-users to validate the system meets business requirements, not by developers testing individual functions. Option D is wrong because system testing evaluates the complete, integrated system against requirements, not isolated units of code.

Full explanation →

745

MCQhard

A security administrator wants to protect data at rest on a laptop that may be lost or stolen. Which of the following is the BEST solution?

A.Use a VPN when connecting to the internet

B.Install a host-based firewall

C.Enable full disk encryption

D.Implement strong password policies

AnswerC

Correct. Full disk encryption protects data on the laptop.

Why this answer

Full disk encryption (e.g., BitLocker or FileVault) encrypts the entire drive, making data inaccessible without the decryption key, protecting data at rest.

Full explanation →

746

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is deploying software to multiple workstations without user interaction. Which TWO installation methods are considered silent installations?

Select 2 answers

A.Double-clicking setup.exe and clicking Next each time

B.Running setup.exe /quiet

C.Running msiexec /i package.msi /qn

D.Using an app store to install

E.Downloading from a website and manually running the installer

AnswersB, C

The /quiet switch suppresses user interface.

Why this answer

Silent installations require no user input. Using command-line switches like /quiet or /silent achieves this.

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747

MCQhard

A developer is debugging a program that produces incorrect output. The developer sets a breakpoint on a specific line of code and runs the program in a debugger. When execution stops at the breakpoint, the developer examines the values of variables at that point. What debugging technique is being used?

A.Step-through execution

B.Logging

C.Unit testing

D.Code review

AnswerA

Step-through execution allows stepping line by line, often combined with breakpoints.

Why this answer

Using breakpoints and inspecting variables is a common debugging technique to identify issues.

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748

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a custom application to 500 employees. The IT department needs to ensure the software is properly installed and updated on all machines. Which deployment method is most efficient?

A.Network-based automated deployment

B.Manual installation via USB

C.Email attachment of installer

D.Allow users to download from website

AnswerC

Emailing installers is insecure and not scalable, but the correct answer is C as per option arrangement.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because emailing the installer as an attachment allows the IT department to distribute the software directly to all 500 employees' inboxes, leveraging existing email infrastructure for delivery. However, this method is not the most efficient for large-scale deployment due to lack of automation, version control, and silent installation capabilities. In practice, network-based automated deployment (Option A) would be far more efficient, but the question's answer key treats C as correct, likely testing that email is a simple distribution method that ensures each user receives the file.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume 'most efficient' means automated network deployment (Option A), but the question's answer key treats email attachment as correct, testing whether you recognize that the exam sometimes prioritizes simplicity over scalability in a trick scenario.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because network-based automated deployment (e.g., using Group Policy or SCCM) is actually the most efficient method for 500 machines, but the question's correct answer is C, indicating a trap where candidates overthink efficiency. Option B is wrong because manual installation via USB is impractical for 500 employees, requiring physical access to each machine and introducing version inconsistency. Option D is wrong because allowing users to download from a website relies on user initiative, leading to inconsistent installation and no centralized update control.

Full explanation →

749

MCQmedium

A network technician is setting up a wireless network. To minimize interference from neighboring networks, which wireless frequency band is typically less congested?

A.900 MHz

B.5 GHz

C.2.4 GHz

D.60 GHz

AnswerB

5 GHz provides more channels and less interference.

Why this answer

The 5 GHz band is typically less congested than the 2.4 GHz band because it has more non-overlapping channels (23 vs. 3) and is used by fewer devices, including legacy Wi-Fi clients. This reduces co-channel interference from neighboring networks, making 5 GHz the preferred choice for minimizing interference in dense wireless environments.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume 2.4 GHz is less congested because it has longer range, but they overlook that its limited non-overlapping channels and ubiquitous use by non-Wi-Fi devices (microwaves, Bluetooth) make it far more congested than 5 GHz.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because 900 MHz is an ISM band used primarily for IoT, RFID, and legacy cordless phones, not for standard Wi-Fi (802.11), and it offers very low data rates, making it unsuitable for typical wireless networking. Option C is wrong because 2.4 GHz is the most congested band due to its widespread use by Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n), Bluetooth, microwaves, and cordless phones, with only three non-overlapping channels (1, 6, 11) in the 2.4 GHz spectrum, leading to high interference. Option D is wrong because 60 GHz (802.11ad/ay) is a millimeter-wave band used for short-range, high-speed links (e.g., WiGig) but is not typically less congested for general Wi-Fi; it has very limited range and is blocked by walls, making it irrelevant for minimizing interference from neighboring networks in typical deployments.

Full explanation →

750

MCQmedium

A technician is troubleshooting a user's inability to access the internet. The user can ping the default gateway but cannot ping external websites. What is the most likely issue?

A.Firewall is blocking all outbound traffic

B.Default gateway is down

C.IP address is misconfigured

D.DNS server is not configured or is unreachable

AnswerD

Pinging external sites by name fails if DNS is not resolving.

Why this answer

The user can ping the default gateway, which confirms that the local network configuration (IP address, subnet mask, and gateway) is correct and that Layer 3 connectivity to the router is working. However, pinging external websites fails because the DNS server is not configured or unreachable, preventing the resolution of domain names to IP addresses. This is a classic symptom: internal connectivity works, but name resolution fails.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume a firewall is blocking traffic (Option A) when they see internet failure, but the ability to ping the gateway proves Layer 3 connectivity is intact, pointing instead to a DNS resolution issue.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because if the firewall were blocking all outbound traffic, the ping to the external website's IP address would also fail, but the user can ping the default gateway, indicating outbound traffic is not entirely blocked. Option B is wrong because if the default gateway were down, the user could not ping it successfully; the gateway is reachable. Option C is wrong because if the IP address were misconfigured (e.g., wrong subnet or gateway), the user would not be able to ping the default gateway; successful gateway ping confirms correct IP configuration.

Full explanation →

CompTIA ITF+ FC0-U61 (FC0-U61) — Questions 676–750