Cloud Native Architecture

A team wants to manage their Kubernetes infrastructure using code. Which tool is specifically designed for Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and can manage Kubernetes resources?

In the 12-factor app methodology, which factor describes the practice of storing configuration in environment variables?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic to and from a pod?

An SRE team is reviewing a stateless web tier that runs as a Deployment. They want the platform to automatically add replicas when average CPU utilization across the Pods rises above a target, and to remove replicas when load drops, without any manual intervention. Which Kubernetes resource should they configure?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor is addressed by storing configuration in environment variables?

Which component in a service mesh architecture is responsible for handling inter-service communication on behalf of the application container?

In a service mesh architecture, what is the role of the sidecar proxy?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

In an event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose 3.)

Which component of the Istio service mesh is responsible for certificate signing and identity management?

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for handling traffic management, security, and observability as a sidecar proxy?

A team is designing a cloud-native application and wants to ensure that the failure of a single availability zone does not cause a full outage. They deploy the application across multiple zones and configure the orchestrator to distribute replicas evenly. Which cloud-native architecture principle does this scenario primarily demonstrate?

Which CNCF project is classified as a 'graduated' project?

Which THREE are typical characteristics of a cloud-native application?

You are implementing an API gateway pattern for a set of microservices. Which of the following is a typical responsibility of an API gateway?

A team is designing a cloud-native system that must maintain high availability across multiple cloud regions. The application uses Kubernetes clusters in each region. Which approach best ensures that the system can tolerate a full region failure while minimizing complexity?

In Istio, which component is responsible for enforcing traffic policies and collecting telemetry data at the pod level?

In a microservices application, you want to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a downstream service. Which resilience pattern should you implement?

Match each Kubernetes object to its typical use case.

Which service mesh component is typically deployed as a sidecar proxy alongside application containers?

A company is adopting cloud-native architecture and wants to improve the resilience of its applications. Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud-native architecture that directly contribute to resilience? (Choose two.)

What is the primary benefit of using an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

A company wants to adopt a GitOps workflow for managing their Kubernetes clusters. Which two tools are specifically designed for implementing GitOps on Kubernetes?

In a multi-cloud scenario, an organization wants to avoid vendor lock-in by abstracting infrastructure provisioning. Which tool is specifically designed to manage infrastructure as code across multiple cloud providers?

Which THREE of the following are components of the GitOps workflow? (Choose three.)

A team wants to deploy a multi-cloud application that uses cloud-specific services. Which pattern is most appropriate?

In the context of resiliency patterns, which pattern is designed to prevent a cascade of failures by isolating each component so that a failure in one component does not affect others?

An application is deployed across multiple cloud providers (AWS and GCP) to avoid vendor lock-in. This is an example of which pattern?

Which TWO of the following are features of a service mesh like Istio or Linkerd? (Select 2)

Which of the following patterns is used to improve resilience by isolating failures to a subset of components?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of serverless computing?

A team is evaluating whether their application qualifies as cloud-native. They want to identify characteristics that are central to cloud-native architecture rather than incidental implementation details. Which TWO of the following are core characteristics of cloud-native architecture? (Choose two.)

In GitOps, what is the role of a tool like ArgoCD?

A cloud-native application is designed with multiple microservices that need to handle a sudden spike in traffic without manual intervention. Which Kubernetes feature best enables this?

An application requires external configuration that varies between environments (dev, staging, prod). Following the 12-factor app methodology, how should this configuration be provided?

Which THREE of the following are features provided by a service mesh like Istio? (Select THREE.)

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture according to the CNCF?

A team is deploying a microservices application on Kubernetes. They want to ensure that each microservice can be updated independently without affecting others, and that the application can tolerate the failure of a single microservice. Which cloud-native architecture principle are they applying?

A development team wants to implement a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes deployments. Which tool is specifically designed for GitOps on Kubernetes?

What is the role of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

A development team is containerizing a monolithic application into microservices. Which practice aligns with cloud-native architecture principles?

A team is designing a cloud-native application that requires each microservice to have its own database. This pattern is known as:

A team is designing a cloud-native system that must remain available even if an entire availability zone fails. They want to distribute workloads across multiple zones and automatically recover from failures. Which cloud-native architectural approach BEST addresses this requirement?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

A cloud-native application experiences intermittent failures when calling an external API. The team implements a pattern that allows the application to temporarily stop calling the failing API and serve stale data or a fallback response. Which resiliency pattern does this describe?

Which of the following is a core principle of cloud native architecture as defined by the CNCF?

Which GitOps tool is specifically designed for Kubernetes and follows the declarative GitOps pattern, continuously reconciling the desired state from a Git repository?

Which TWO of the following are key characteristics of cloud-native applications? (Select two.)

Which THREE are core principles of the Twelve-Factor App methodology?

What is the primary function of a service mesh like Istio?

An organization wants to adopt a cloud-native approach for its new application. Which characteristic is most important for the application to be considered cloud-native?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using an event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

Which of the following is a benefit of using an API gateway pattern?

A cloud-native application uses a service mesh (Istio) for traffic management. The team notices increased latency in inter-service communication. Which likely cause should be investigated first?

A platform engineer is explaining cloud-native architecture to a new team. The team asks which statement BEST describes the relationship between microservices and cloud-native architecture. Which answer is correct?

What is the primary purpose of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

Which TWO statements are true about cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO practices are recommended for designing cloud-native microservices? (Choose 2)

Which resource in Kubernetes is used to expose a set of pods as a network service?

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens when a function finishes processing an event and there are no pending events?

Which GitOps tools use a pull-based approach to synchronize the desired state in a Git repository with the actual state in a Kubernetes cluster? (Select all that apply.)

What is the purpose of the circuit breaker pattern in a microservices architecture?

A platform team is adopting cloud-native principles for a new microservices application. They want to ensure that each service can be independently deployed and scaled without affecting other services. Which design principle BEST supports this goal?

In serverless computing, what is the primary characteristic of Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?

An organization wants to implement a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which technology is specifically designed to achieve this on Kubernetes?

Which of the following best describes 'Infrastructure as Code' (IaC)?

A development team wants to adopt a cloud-native architecture for a new application. Which set of principles BEST describes the cloud-native approach?

Which command would you use to apply a manifest file 'deployment.yaml' to a Kubernetes cluster?

What is the primary purpose of the sidecar container in a service mesh?

A microservice logs errors when connecting to the database. The logs show 'connection refused'. Which troubleshooting step should be taken first?

An organization uses GitOps with ArgoCD to manage Kubernetes deployments. What is the PRIMARY advantage of this approach over traditional imperative deployment methods?

Which of the following is a core principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has adopted the CNCF Code of Conduct and is considered early-stage?

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology related to managing configuration?

What is GitOps?

A platform engineer is explaining the role of the Kubernetes API server in a cloud-native architecture. Which statement BEST describes its primary function?

Which service mesh component is responsible for handling inter-service communication as a sidecar proxy?

Your organization runs a cloud-native e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. The platform consists of several microservices: a frontend service, an order service, a payment service, and a shipping service. All services communicate via HTTP REST APIs. Recently, during a flash sale event, the platform experienced a cascading failure. The order service became overwhelmed with requests and started responding slowly. This caused the frontend service to time out waiting for order responses, and eventually the frontend service crashed due to exhausted thread pools. The payment and shipping services were unaffected because they are called asynchronously via a message queue. You need to redesign the system to prevent such cascading failures in the future. Which approach is the most effective?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic between microservices?

In a multi-cloud architecture, what is a common use case for a service mesh?

Which THREE are key benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture? (Choose 3)

A platform team runs a multi-tenant Kubernetes cluster for several product groups. They want each group's workloads to be logically isolated from one another, with separate quota limits and separate RBAC bindings, while still sharing the same cluster control plane and worker nodes. Which Kubernetes construct BEST provides this isolation boundary?

In an event-driven architecture using a message broker, which component is responsible for receiving events and forwarding them to subscribed services?

Which of the following is a benefit of using a service mesh?

According to the 12-factor app methodology, how should an application store configuration that varies between deployments (e.g., database connection strings)?

Which CNCF project is at the 'Graduated' maturity level and is widely used for container orchestration?

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker pattern in microservices?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose 2.)

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor emphasizes storing configuration in environment variables?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has successfully adopted the CNCF governance and is considered stable for production use?

A development team is adopting a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes applications. They want to ensure that the cluster state always matches the desired state defined in Git. Which component is responsible for continuously reconciling the cluster with the Git repository?

A platform team is designing a system that must continue serving requests for a product catalog even if the recommendation service becomes unavailable. The recommendation service calls the catalog service to fetch item details, and when it fails, the catalog service should keep responding to user traffic. Which cloud-native architecture principle BEST describes the required behavior for the catalog service?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Select three.)

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Select TWO.)

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which component in an event-driven architecture is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

In a microservices architecture, which pattern is used to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a service?

Which practice is a key principle of cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are essential components of a GitOps workflow? (Select two.)

An architecture review is comparing the sidecar proxy model used by service meshes against embedding resilience logic directly in each application's code. Which TWO statements accurately describe advantages of the sidecar proxy approach? (Choose two.)

In event-driven architecture, which pattern is commonly used to decouple producers and consumers, allowing asynchronous communication?

Which TWO tools are commonly used for GitOps? (Choose two.)

Which TWO are benefits of using a service mesh in cloud-native applications?

Drag and drop the steps to configure a Kubernetes Service of type LoadBalancer in a cloud environment into the correct order.

A startup is building a cloud-native application and wants to adopt a packaging format that bundles application code and its dependencies into a single immutable artifact that can run consistently across environments. Which technology BEST meets this requirement?

Which of the following is an example of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool?

A team is adopting cloud-native architecture and wants to ensure that a single failing component does not take down the entire application. They are reviewing the design of their microservices deployment. Which characteristic of cloud-native architecture is MOST directly related to limiting the impact of a component failure?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor requires that an app's configuration be stored in environment variables?

You are a platform engineer at a fast-growing startup. The company runs a Kubernetes cluster with 50 worker nodes for its production microservices. Recently, the operations team has been struggling with manual configuration drift: developers SSH into nodes to install debugging tools, and some nodes have different kernel parameters or installed packages. This has caused intermittent outages when a pod is scheduled onto a non-standard node. The CTO wants a solution that ensures each node is identical, immutable, and reproducible. The cluster uses kubeadm for bootstrapping and runs on AWS EC2. Which approach best achieves the goal of immutable nodes?

Which Kubernetes resource is commonly used to implement the sidecar pattern for injecting a service mesh proxy?

In event-driven architecture, which component is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

A company wants to manage its Kubernetes resources using Git as the single source of truth, with automated synchronization. Which approach should they use?

What is the primary purpose of a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are resiliency patterns commonly used in cloud native applications? (Choose three.)

Which CNCF project provides a graduated service mesh implementation that includes features like traffic management, security, and observability?

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens to a service that has not received traffic for an extended period?

Which THREE of the following are features typically provided by a service mesh? (Choose three.)

A team is implementing a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which Kubernetes feature is most helpful for abstracting the underlying cloud provider?

A retail company runs its e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency. The team notices that the database pods are CPU-bound and the application pods are waiting on database responses. Which architectural change would best address this bottleneck?

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose 2.)

A team wants to deploy a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which CNCF project is specifically designed for this purpose?

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose two.)

In event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose two.)

An organization wants to manage infrastructure using code to ensure consistent and repeatable deployments across multiple cloud providers. Which tool is MOST suitable for this multi-cloud Infrastructure as Code approach?

A startup is building a cloud-native application and wants to ensure that its services can be discovered and communicated with dynamically as they scale up and down. Which CNCF project provides a distributed key-value store that is commonly used for service discovery and configuration management in Kubernetes?

An engineering team runs a Kubernetes cluster and wants to ensure that a critical payment service continues to function during a partial network partition between two availability zones. The service currently depends on a single external authentication API in one zone. Which architectural change BEST supports the goal of maintaining payment processing during the partition?

A development team is designing a new microservices application to run on a Kubernetes cluster. They want to ensure that each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Which cloud native architecture principle are they primarily applying?

Which THREE are key characteristics of event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

A team wants every microservice to ship its logs and metrics to a central backend, and they want to avoid running a separate agent container inside each application Pod. Which cloud native approach BEST fits this requirement while keeping collection decoupled from the application?

The exhibit shows a Deployment manifest for a frontend service. After deployment, the pods are running but the service reports that no endpoints are available. What is the most likely cause?

A company is evaluating cloud-native observability practices for its Kubernetes-based microservices. Which TWO practices are essential for achieving effective observability? (Choose two.)

Which component of an API gateway pattern is responsible for routing requests to the appropriate microservice based on the request path?

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Choose two.)

Which of the following is a key difference between a service mesh and an API gateway?

Which of the following best describes the GitOps pattern?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a multi-cloud strategy? (Select TWO.)

Which tool is used to manage infrastructure as code and can provision resources across multiple cloud providers?

A company is adopting a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which pattern BEST supports deploying applications across different cloud providers with minimal changes?

A team wants to deploy a workload that must run on every node in a Kubernetes cluster, including new nodes added later. Which resource type should they use?

A team is building a serverless application using Knative. They want the application to scale to zero when idle. Which Knative resource type should they use?

Which of the following is a primary goal of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture? (Choose two.)

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for collecting telemetry data and enforcing traffic policies?

Which of the following best describes the 12-factor app methodology's approach to configuration?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are common characteristics of serverless computing? (Choose two.)