Cloud Native Architecture

A team wants to manage their Kubernetes infrastructure using code. Which tool is specifically designed for Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and can manage Kubernetes resources?

In the 12-factor app methodology, which factor describes the practice of storing configuration in environment variables?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic to and from a pod?

Which component in a service mesh architecture is responsible for handling inter-service communication on behalf of the application container?

In a service mesh architecture, what is the role of the sidecar proxy?

Which THREE of the following are key principles of cloud-native architecture according to CNCF?

Your organization runs a multi-service application on a Kubernetes cluster. Each service is deployed as a set of Pods managed by a Deployment. The application experiences intermittent slowdowns during peak traffic. Monitoring shows that the database service Pods have high CPU usage, but the HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) configured for the database Deployment does not scale. The HPA is based on average CPU utilization across Pods, with target 70%. The database Deployment has resource requests and limits set: requests.cpu: 500m, limits.cpu: 1000m. During peak, CPU usage reaches 800m per Pod. The HPA has a cooldown period of 3 minutes. The cluster has ample capacity. What is the most likely reason the HPA is not scaling?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

In an event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose 3.)

Which component of the Istio service mesh is responsible for certificate signing and identity management?

A company wants to implement a serverless function that processes events from an object storage bucket. The function should scale to zero when idle and only incur costs during execution. Which technology is BEST suited for this requirement?

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for handling traffic management, security, and observability as a sidecar proxy?

A team is migrating a legacy application to Kubernetes. The application requires persistent storage and needs to maintain session affinity. Which set of Kubernetes resources should they use?

Which of the following is a resiliency pattern that limits the number of concurrent requests to a service to prevent overload?

Which CNCF project is classified as a 'graduated' project?

Which THREE are typical characteristics of a cloud-native application?

You are implementing an API gateway pattern for a set of microservices. Which of the following is a typical responsibility of an API gateway?

A team is designing a cloud-native system that must maintain high availability across multiple cloud regions. The application uses Kubernetes clusters in each region. Which approach best ensures that the system can tolerate a full region failure while minimizing complexity?

Which FOUR of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Choose four.)

In Istio, which component is responsible for enforcing traffic policies and collecting telemetry data at the pod level?

In a microservices application, you want to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a downstream service. Which resilience pattern should you implement?

Match each Kubernetes object to its typical use case.

Which service mesh component is typically deployed as a sidecar proxy alongside application containers?

Which service mesh provides built-in support for multi-cluster and multi-cloud deployments?

What is the primary benefit of using an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

A company wants to adopt a GitOps workflow for managing their Kubernetes clusters. Which two tools are specifically designed for implementing GitOps on Kubernetes?

In a multi-cloud scenario, an organization wants to avoid vendor lock-in by abstracting infrastructure provisioning. Which tool is specifically designed to manage infrastructure as code across multiple cloud providers?

Which CNCF project is a graduated project for service discovery and configuration management?

Which THREE of the following are components of the GitOps workflow? (Choose three.)

A team wants to deploy a multi-cloud application that uses cloud-specific services. Which pattern is most appropriate?

In the context of resiliency patterns, which pattern is designed to prevent a cascade of failures by isolating each component so that a failure in one component does not affect others?

An application is deployed across multiple cloud providers (AWS and GCP) to avoid vendor lock-in. This is an example of which pattern?

Which TWO of the following are features of a service mesh like Istio or Linkerd? (Select 2)

Which of the following patterns is used to improve resilience by isolating failures to a subset of components?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of serverless computing?

An application deployed on Kubernetes is experiencing intermittent failures due to network latency. Which resiliency pattern should be implemented to gracefully handle such failures?

In GitOps, what is the role of a tool like ArgoCD?

A cloud-native application is designed with multiple microservices that need to handle a sudden spike in traffic without manual intervention. Which Kubernetes feature best enables this?

An application requires external configuration that varies between environments (dev, staging, prod). Following the 12-factor app methodology, how should this configuration be provided?

Which THREE of the following are features provided by a service mesh like Istio? (Select THREE.)

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture according to the CNCF?

A development team wants to implement a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes deployments. Which tool is specifically designed for GitOps on Kubernetes?

What is the role of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

A development team is containerizing a monolithic application into microservices. Which practice aligns with cloud-native architecture principles?

A cloud-native application experiences periodic timeouts when calling a downstream service. The downstream service is running in the same Kubernetes cluster. Which design pattern should be implemented to handle this gracefully?

A team is designing a cloud-native application that requires each microservice to have its own database. This pattern is known as:

Which THREE of the following are core principles of cloud native computing as defined by the CNCF? (Select 3)

Which TWO are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose two.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

A cloud-native application experiences intermittent failures when calling an external API. The team implements a pattern that allows the application to temporarily stop calling the failing API and serve stale data or a fallback response. Which resiliency pattern does this describe?

Which of the following is a core principle of cloud native architecture as defined by the CNCF?

Which GitOps tool is specifically designed for Kubernetes and follows the declarative GitOps pattern, continuously reconciling the desired state from a Git repository?

A development team wants to deploy a serverless function that triggers when a file is uploaded to an S3 bucket. Which cloud native technology is most appropriate for this scenario?

Which TWO of the following are key characteristics of cloud-native applications? (Select two.)

Which THREE are core principles of the Twelve-Factor App methodology?

What is the primary function of a service mesh like Istio?

An organization wants to adopt a cloud-native approach for its new application. Which characteristic is most important for the application to be considered cloud-native?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using an event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

Which of the following is a benefit of using an API gateway pattern?

A cloud-native application uses a service mesh (Istio) for traffic management. The team notices increased latency in inter-service communication. Which likely cause should be investigated first?

What is the primary purpose of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

Which TWO statements are true about cloud-native architecture?

Which CNCF project is primarily focused on providing a unified way to define and manage cloud-native applications using declarative configuration stored in Git?

Which TWO practices are recommended for designing cloud-native microservices? (Choose 2)

Which resource in Kubernetes is used to expose a set of pods as a network service?

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens when a function finishes processing an event and there are no pending events?

Which GitOps tools use a pull-based approach to synchronize the desired state in a Git repository with the actual state in a Kubernetes cluster? (Select all that apply.)

A company wants to migrate its monolithic application to a cloud-native architecture on Kubernetes. The application currently uses a shared database and communicates via internal HTTP calls. Which design pattern should be applied first to increase resilience and enable independent scaling of components?

What is the purpose of the circuit breaker pattern in a microservices architecture?

The exhibit shows pod status and logs. The web pod lmn34 has restarted 3 times. What is the root cause of the liveness probe failure?

In serverless computing, what is the primary characteristic of Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?

An organization wants to implement a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which technology is specifically designed to achieve this on Kubernetes?

Which of the following best describes 'Infrastructure as Code' (IaC)?

Which TWO of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Select 2)

A development team wants to adopt a cloud-native architecture for a new application. Which set of principles BEST describes the cloud-native approach?

Which command would you use to apply a manifest file 'deployment.yaml' to a Kubernetes cluster?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

What is the primary purpose of the sidecar container in a service mesh?

A microservice logs errors when connecting to the database. The logs show 'connection refused'. Which troubleshooting step should be taken first?

An organization uses GitOps with ArgoCD to manage Kubernetes deployments. What is the PRIMARY advantage of this approach over traditional imperative deployment methods?

An application experiences intermittent failures when calling an external API. Which resilience pattern should be implemented to handle transient faults?

Which of the following is a core principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has adopted the CNCF Code of Conduct and is considered early-stage?

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology related to managing configuration?

What is GitOps?

Which service mesh component is responsible for handling inter-service communication as a sidecar proxy?

Your organization runs a cloud-native e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. The platform consists of several microservices: a frontend service, an order service, a payment service, and a shipping service. All services communicate via HTTP REST APIs. Recently, during a flash sale event, the platform experienced a cascading failure. The order service became overwhelmed with requests and started responding slowly. This caused the frontend service to time out waiting for order responses, and eventually the frontend service crashed due to exhausted thread pools. The payment and shipping services were unaffected because they are called asynchronously via a message queue. You need to redesign the system to prevent such cascading failures in the future. Which approach is the most effective?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic between microservices?

In a multi-cloud architecture, what is a common use case for a service mesh?

A developer creates the Pod manifest shown. When the Pod runs, the liveness probe fails and the container is restarted repeatedly. What is the most likely cause?

Which THREE are key benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture? (Choose 3)

Which GitOps tool is a CNCF graduated project that synchronizes Kubernetes clusters with a Git repository?

Which of the following is a graduated CNCF project?

In an event-driven architecture using a message broker, which component is responsible for receiving events and forwarding them to subscribed services?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which of the following is a benefit of using a service mesh?

According to the 12-factor app methodology, how should an application store configuration that varies between deployments (e.g., database connection strings)?

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker pattern in microservices?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose 2.)

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor emphasizes storing configuration in environment variables?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has successfully adopted the CNCF governance and is considered stable for production use?

Which TWO of the following are key principles of cloud native architecture?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Select three.)

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Select TWO.)

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which component in an event-driven architecture is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

In a microservices architecture, which pattern is used to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a service?

Which practice is a key principle of cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are essential components of a GitOps workflow? (Select two.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

In event-driven architecture, which pattern is commonly used to decouple producers and consumers, allowing asynchronous communication?

Which TWO tools are commonly used for GitOps? (Choose two.)

Which TWO are benefits of using a service mesh in cloud-native applications?

Drag and drop the steps to configure a Kubernetes Service of type LoadBalancer in a cloud environment into the correct order.

Which of the following is an example of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor requires that an app's configuration be stored in environment variables?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

You are a platform engineer at a fast-growing startup. The company runs a Kubernetes cluster with 50 worker nodes for its production microservices. Recently, the operations team has been struggling with manual configuration drift: developers SSH into nodes to install debugging tools, and some nodes have different kernel parameters or installed packages. This has caused intermittent outages when a pod is scheduled onto a non-standard node. The CTO wants a solution that ensures each node is identical, immutable, and reproducible. The cluster uses kubeadm for bootstrapping and runs on AWS EC2. Which approach best achieves the goal of immutable nodes?

Which Kubernetes resource is commonly used to implement the sidecar pattern for injecting a service mesh proxy?

In event-driven architecture, which component is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

A company wants to manage its Kubernetes resources using Git as the single source of truth, with automated synchronization. Which approach should they use?

What is the primary purpose of a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are resiliency patterns commonly used in cloud native applications? (Choose three.)

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens to a service that has not received traffic for an extended period?

Which THREE of the following are features typically provided by a service mesh? (Choose three.)

A team is implementing a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which Kubernetes feature is most helpful for abstracting the underlying cloud provider?

A retail company runs its e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency. The team notices that the database pods are CPU-bound and the application pods are waiting on database responses. Which architectural change would best address this bottleneck?

A development team wants to deploy a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which CNCF project or platform is BEST suited for this requirement?

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose 2.)

A team wants to deploy a serverless function using Knative. Which core primitive does Knative rely on to run serverless workloads on Kubernetes?

A team wants to deploy a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which CNCF project is specifically designed for this purpose?

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose two.)

In event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose two.)

An organization wants to manage infrastructure using code to ensure consistent and repeatable deployments across multiple cloud providers. Which tool is MOST suitable for this multi-cloud Infrastructure as Code approach?

A development team is designing a new microservices application to run on a Kubernetes cluster. They want to ensure that each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Which cloud native architecture principle are they primarily applying?

Which THREE are key characteristics of event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

The exhibit shows a Deployment manifest for a frontend service. After deployment, the pods are running but the service reports that no endpoints are available. What is the most likely cause?

Which component of an API gateway pattern is responsible for routing requests to the appropriate microservice based on the request path?

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Choose two.)

Which of the following is a key difference between a service mesh and an API gateway?

A developer wants to deploy a function that reacts to image upload events in a cloud storage bucket. The function should scale to zero when idle. Which architecture best fits this use case?

Which of the following is a benefit of using a service mesh?

Which of the following best describes the GitOps pattern?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a multi-cloud strategy? (Select TWO.)

Which tool is used to manage infrastructure as code and can provision resources across multiple cloud providers?

A company is adopting a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which pattern BEST supports deploying applications across different cloud providers with minimal changes?

A team wants to deploy a workload that must run on every node in a Kubernetes cluster, including new nodes added later. Which resource type should they use?

A team is building a serverless application using Knative. They want the application to scale to zero when idle. Which Knative resource type should they use?

Which of the following is a primary goal of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture? (Choose two.)

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for collecting telemetry data and enforcing traffic policies?

Which of the following is a core principle of cloud native architecture as defined by the CNCF?

Which of the following best describes the 12-factor app methodology's approach to configuration?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud native architecture?

Which TWO of the following are common characteristics of serverless computing? (Choose two.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?