Cloud Native Architecture

A company wants to migrate its monolithic application to a cloud-native architecture on Kubernetes. The application currently uses a shared database and communicates via internal HTTP calls. Which design pattern should be applied first to increase resilience and enable independent scaling of components?

A cloud-native application is designed with multiple microservices that need to handle a sudden spike in traffic without manual intervention. Which Kubernetes feature best enables this?

A team is designing a cloud-native system that must maintain high availability across multiple cloud regions. The application uses Kubernetes clusters in each region. Which approach best ensures that the system can tolerate a full region failure while minimizing complexity?

A microservice logs errors when connecting to the database. The logs show 'connection refused'. Which troubleshooting step should be taken first?

Which practice is a key principle of cloud-native architecture?

A cloud-native application uses a service mesh (Istio) for traffic management. The team notices increased latency in inter-service communication. Which likely cause should be investigated first?

A team is designing a cloud-native application that requires each microservice to have its own database. This pattern is known as:

Which resource in Kubernetes is used to expose a set of pods as a network service?

A cloud-native application experiences periodic timeouts when calling a downstream service. The downstream service is running in the same Kubernetes cluster. Which design pattern should be implemented to handle this gracefully?

Which TWO statements are true about cloud-native architecture?

Which TWO are benefits of using a service mesh in cloud-native applications?

Which THREE are core principles of the Twelve-Factor App methodology?

Which THREE are typical characteristics of a cloud-native application?

Your organization runs a cloud-native e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. The platform consists of several microservices: a frontend service, an order service, a payment service, and a shipping service. All services communicate via HTTP REST APIs. Recently, during a flash sale event, the platform experienced a cascading failure. The order service became overwhelmed with requests and started responding slowly. This caused the frontend service to time out waiting for order responses, and eventually the frontend service crashed due to exhausted thread pools. The payment and shipping services were unaffected because they are called asynchronously via a message queue. You need to redesign the system to prevent such cascading failures in the future. Which approach is the most effective?

A retail company runs its e-commerce platform on Kubernetes. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency. The team notices that the database pods are CPU-bound and the application pods are waiting on database responses. Which architectural change would best address this bottleneck?

A startup is designing a cloud-native application that processes IoT sensor data. The data arrives in bursts, and processing must be fault-tolerant with exactly-once semantics. The team considers Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and Amazon SQS. Which choice best meets the requirements of a cloud-native architecture?

A development team is containerizing a monolithic application into microservices. Which practice aligns with cloud-native architecture principles?

An organization wants to adopt a cloud-native approach for its new application. Which characteristic is most important for the application to be considered cloud-native?

A team is migrating a legacy application to Kubernetes. The application requires persistent storage and needs to maintain session affinity. Which set of Kubernetes resources should they use?

Which TWO practices are recommended for designing cloud-native microservices? (Choose 2)

Which THREE are key benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture? (Choose 3)

The exhibit shows a Deployment manifest for a frontend service. After deployment, the pods are running but the service reports that no endpoints are available. What is the most likely cause?

The exhibit shows pod status and logs. The web pod lmn34 has restarted 3 times. What is the root cause of the liveness probe failure?

A development team is designing a new microservices application to run on a Kubernetes cluster. They want to ensure that each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Which cloud native architecture principle are they primarily applying?

You are a platform engineer at a fast-growing startup. The company runs a Kubernetes cluster with 50 worker nodes for its production microservices. Recently, the operations team has been struggling with manual configuration drift: developers SSH into nodes to install debugging tools, and some nodes have different kernel parameters or installed packages. This has caused intermittent outages when a pod is scheduled onto a non-standard node. The CTO wants a solution that ensures each node is identical, immutable, and reproducible. The cluster uses kubeadm for bootstrapping and runs on AWS EC2. Which approach best achieves the goal of immutable nodes?

Which TWO of the following are key principles of cloud native architecture?

A developer creates the Pod manifest shown. When the Pod runs, the liveness probe fails and the container is restarted repeatedly. What is the most likely cause?

Your organization runs a multi-service application on a Kubernetes cluster. Each service is deployed as a set of Pods managed by a Deployment. The application experiences intermittent slowdowns during peak traffic. Monitoring shows that the database service Pods have high CPU usage, but the HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) configured for the database Deployment does not scale. The HPA is based on average CPU utilization across Pods, with target 70%. The database Deployment has resource requests and limits set: requests.cpu: 500m, limits.cpu: 1000m. During peak, CPU usage reaches 800m per Pod. The HPA has a cooldown period of 3 minutes. The cluster has ample capacity. What is the most likely reason the HPA is not scaling?

Drag and drop the steps to configure a Kubernetes Service of type LoadBalancer in a cloud environment into the correct order.

Match each Kubernetes object to its typical use case.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

Which of the following is a core principle of cloud native architecture as defined by the CNCF?

In the 12-factor app methodology, which factor describes the practice of storing configuration in environment variables?

A team wants to deploy a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which CNCF project is specifically designed for this purpose?

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for handling traffic management, security, and observability as a sidecar proxy?

An application experiences intermittent failures when calling an external API. Which resilience pattern should be implemented to handle transient faults?

Which of the following best describes the GitOps pattern?

Which CNCF project is commonly used for Infrastructure as Code to provision cloud resources?

In a multi-cloud architecture, what is a common use case for a service mesh?

Which of the following is a benefit of using an API gateway pattern?

What is the primary purpose of the sidecar container in a service mesh?

Which GitOps tool is a CNCF graduated project that synchronizes Kubernetes clusters with a Git repository?

Which TWO of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Choose two.)

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using an event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has successfully adopted the CNCF governance and is considered stable for production use?

A development team wants to adopt a cloud-native architecture for a new application. Which set of principles BEST describes the cloud-native approach?

According to the 12-factor app methodology, how should an application store configuration that varies between deployments (e.g., database connection strings)?

A team is building a serverless application using Knative. They want the application to scale to zero when idle. Which Knative resource type should they use?

What is the primary purpose of a service mesh in a cloud-native architecture?

In Istio, which component is responsible for enforcing traffic policies and collecting telemetry data at the pod level?

Which GitOps tool is specifically designed for Kubernetes and follows the declarative GitOps pattern, continuously reconciling the desired state from a Git repository?

An organization wants to manage infrastructure using code to ensure consistent and repeatable deployments across multiple cloud providers. Which tool is MOST suitable for this multi-cloud Infrastructure as Code approach?

A cloud-native application experiences intermittent failures when calling an external API. The team implements a pattern that allows the application to temporarily stop calling the failing API and serve stale data or a fallback response. Which resiliency pattern does this describe?

Which component of an API gateway pattern is responsible for routing requests to the appropriate microservice based on the request path?

In an event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE of the following are features provided by a service mesh like Istio? (Select THREE.)

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a multi-cloud strategy? (Select TWO.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

A development team wants to implement a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes deployments. Which tool is specifically designed for GitOps on Kubernetes?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor requires that an app's configuration be stored in environment variables?

Which service mesh component is responsible for handling inter-service communication as a sidecar proxy?

Which of the following is a core principle of cloud native architecture as defined by the CNCF?

A team wants to manage their Kubernetes infrastructure using code. Which tool is specifically designed for Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and can manage Kubernetes resources?

Which of the following patterns is used to improve resilience by isolating failures to a subset of components?

In serverless computing, what is the primary characteristic of Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?

Which of the following is a graduated CNCF project?

What is the primary purpose of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

In event-driven architecture, which component is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

Which service mesh provides built-in support for multi-cluster and multi-cloud deployments?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of the 12-factor app? (Choose 2.)

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose 3.)

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose 2.)

Which CNCF project is primarily focused on providing a unified way to define and manage cloud-native applications using declarative configuration stored in Git?

A development team wants to deploy a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which CNCF project or platform is BEST suited for this requirement?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic between microservices?

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology related to managing configuration?

A company is adopting a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which pattern BEST supports deploying applications across different cloud providers with minimal changes?

Which of the following is a resiliency pattern that limits the number of concurrent requests to a service to prevent overload?

Which CNCF project provides a graduated service mesh implementation that includes features like traffic management, security, and observability?

A team wants to implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) for managing Kubernetes resources. Which tool is BEST suited for this purpose?

Which component in an event-driven architecture is responsible for decoupling event producers from consumers?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

An application deployed on Kubernetes is experiencing intermittent failures due to network latency. Which resiliency pattern should be implemented to gracefully handle such failures?

Which of the following is a benefit of using a service mesh?

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are features typically provided by a service mesh? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Choose two.)

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens when a function finishes processing an event and there are no pending events?

Which component in a service mesh architecture is responsible for handling inter-service communication on behalf of the application container?

What is GitOps?

Which of the following is an example of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool?

A team wants to deploy a workload that must run on every node in a Kubernetes cluster, including new nodes added later. Which resource type should they use?

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker pattern in microservices?

Which of the following is a graduated CNCF project?

An application is deployed across multiple cloud providers (AWS and GCP) to avoid vendor lock-in. This is an example of which pattern?

What is the role of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

Which command would you use to apply a manifest file 'deployment.yaml' to a Kubernetes cluster?

Which TWO are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose two.)

Which THREE are key characteristics of event-driven architecture? (Choose three.)

Which TWO tools are commonly used for GitOps? (Choose two.)

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which of the following is a core principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

In a service mesh architecture, what is the role of the sidecar proxy?

A developer wants to deploy a function that reacts to image upload events in a cloud storage bucket. The function should scale to zero when idle. Which architecture best fits this use case?

Which GitOps tool uses a pull-based approach to synchronize the desired state in a Git repository with the actual state in a Kubernetes cluster?

In a microservices application, you want to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a downstream service. Which resilience pattern should you implement?

An organization wants to manage infrastructure across multiple cloud providers using a single declarative configuration language. Which tool is best suited for this requirement?

Which CNCF project is classified as a 'graduated' project?

What is the primary benefit of using an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

Which of the following best describes 'Infrastructure as Code' (IaC)?

In event-driven architecture, what is the role of an event broker?

Which component in a service mesh is responsible for collecting telemetry data and enforcing traffic policies?

Which TWO of the following are key characteristics of cloud-native applications? (Select two.)

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Select three.)

Which TWO of the following are essential components of a GitOps workflow? (Select two.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor emphasizes storing configuration in environment variables?

A development team wants to deploy a serverless function that triggers when a file is uploaded to an S3 bucket. Which cloud native technology is most appropriate for this scenario?

In a service mesh architecture, which component is responsible for intercepting and managing traffic to and from a pod?

A company wants to manage its Kubernetes resources using Git as the single source of truth, with automated synchronization. Which approach should they use?

In the context of resiliency patterns, which pattern is designed to prevent a cascade of failures by isolating each component so that a failure in one component does not affect others?

Which CNCF project maturity level indicates that a project has adopted the CNCF Code of Conduct and is considered early-stage?

An application requires external configuration that varies between environments (dev, staging, prod). Following the 12-factor app methodology, how should this configuration be provided?

In a multi-cloud scenario, an organization wants to avoid vendor lock-in by abstracting infrastructure provisioning. Which tool is specifically designed to manage infrastructure as code across multiple cloud providers?

Which of the following is a key difference between a service mesh and an API gateway?

An organization wants to implement a serverless function that scales to zero when not in use. Which technology is specifically designed to achieve this on Kubernetes?

In event-driven architecture, which pattern is commonly used to decouple producers and consumers, allowing asynchronous communication?

Which TWO of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Select 2)

Which THREE of the following are core principles of cloud native computing as defined by the CNCF? (Select 3)

Which TWO of the following are features of a service mesh like Istio or Linkerd? (Select 2)

Which of the following is a primary goal of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)?

A company wants to adopt a GitOps workflow for managing their Kubernetes clusters. Which two tools are specifically designed for implementing GitOps on Kubernetes?

In the context of the 12-factor app methodology, which factor is addressed by storing configuration in environment variables?

Which service mesh component is typically deployed as a sidecar proxy alongside application containers?

A team wants to deploy a serverless function using Knative. Which core primitive does Knative rely on to run serverless workloads on Kubernetes?

In a microservices architecture, which pattern is used to prevent cascading failures by limiting the number of concurrent requests to a service?

You are implementing an API gateway pattern for a set of microservices. Which of the following is a typical responsibility of an API gateway?

Which CNCF project is at the 'Graduated' maturity level and is widely used for container orchestration?

Which THREE of the following are key principles of cloud-native architecture according to CNCF?

Which of the following is a benefit of using a service mesh?

In an event-driven architecture using a message broker, which component is responsible for receiving events and forwarding them to subscribed services?

Which tool is used to manage infrastructure as code and can provision resources across multiple cloud providers?

A team is implementing a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which Kubernetes feature is most helpful for abstracting the underlying cloud provider?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of serverless computing?

Which component of the Istio service mesh is responsible for certificate signing and identity management?

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which of the following best describes the 12-factor app methodology's approach to configuration?

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens to a service that has not received traffic for an extended period?

What is the primary function of a service mesh like Istio?

In GitOps, what is the role of a tool like ArgoCD?

Which Kubernetes resource is commonly used to implement the sidecar pattern for injecting a service mesh proxy?

What is the purpose of the circuit breaker pattern in a microservices architecture?

Which CNCF project is a graduated project for service discovery and configuration management?

A team wants to deploy a multi-cloud application that uses cloud-specific services. Which pattern is most appropriate?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture? (Choose two.)

Which TWO of the following are common characteristics of serverless computing? (Choose two.)

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using a service mesh? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are components of the GitOps workflow? (Choose three.)

Which THREE of the following are resiliency patterns commonly used in cloud native applications? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose two.)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Which TWO of the following are core principles of cloud native architecture according to the CNCF?

A company wants to implement a serverless function that processes events from an Amazon S3 bucket. The function should scale to zero when idle and only incur costs during execution. Which technology is BEST suited for this requirement?

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using a service mesh in a cloud native architecture?

An organization uses GitOps with ArgoCD to manage Kubernetes deployments. What is the PRIMARY advantage of this approach over traditional imperative deployment methods?