KCNA Cloud Native Architecture Practice Question
Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose two.)
⚠ Common exam trap
CNCF often tests the distinction between containerization/orchestration tools (Docker, Kubernetes) and actual IaC tools, leading candidates to confuse tools that manage applications with those that provision infrastructure.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Terraform
Terraform (B) is an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that uses declarative configuration files (HashiCorp Configuration Language, HCL) to define and provision cloud and on-premises resources. It manages the full lifecycle of infrastructure through a state file and provider plugins, enabling version-controlled, repeatable deployments.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Docker
Why it's wrong here
Docker is a container runtime, not IaC.
- ✓
Terraform
Why this is correct
Terraform is an IaC tool by HashiCorp.
- ✗
Kubernetes
Why it's wrong here
Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform, not an IaC tool.
- ✗
Prometheus
Why it's wrong here
Prometheus is a monitoring system, not IaC.
- ✓
Pulumi
Why this is correct
Pulumi allows IaC using general-purpose programming languages.
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Same concept, more angles
1 more way this is tested on KCNA
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. Which TWO of the following are examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose 2.)
easy- ✓ A.Terraform
- B.kubectl
- ✓ C.Pulumi
- D.Helm
- E.Docker Compose
Why A: Terraform and Pulumi are popular IaC tools that allow infrastructure provisioning via code.
JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This KCNA practice question is part of Courseiva's free CNCF certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the KCNA exam.