Quick Answer
The answer is user risk and sign-in risk. These are both valid conditions in a conditional access policy because Microsoft Entra ID Protection calculates these risk levels from real-time signals like anonymous IP addresses, atypical travel, or leaked credentials, allowing policies to trigger actions such as requiring multi-factor authentication or blocking access. On the Microsoft 365 Administrator MS-102 exam, this question tests your understanding of how risk-based conditions differ from other common conditions like device compliance or location; a frequent trap is confusing user risk with sign-in risk or overlooking that both are valid together. Remember that user risk reflects the likelihood that an account is compromised, while sign-in risk evaluates the specific authentication attempt—think of it as “who you are” versus “how you logged in.” A helpful mnemonic is “Two R’s for Risk: User and Sign-in.”
This MS-102 practice question tests your understanding of implement and manage microsoft entra identity and access. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which TWO of the following are valid conditions that can be used in a Microsoft Entra ID conditional access policy? (Choose two.)
Network location
Why wrong: 'Locations' is a valid condition, but 'network location' is not a specific condition name.
Sign-in risk
Valid condition in conditional access.
Application sensitivity label
Why wrong: Not a valid condition.
User risk
Valid condition in conditional access.
Device manufacturer
Why wrong: Not a valid condition.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Sign-in risk
Sign-in risk (B) and user risk (D) are both valid conditions in Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policies. These risk levels are calculated by Microsoft Entra ID Protection using real-time signals such as anonymous IP addresses, atypical travel, or leaked credentials, and can be used to trigger policies like requiring multi-factor authentication or blocking access.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Network location
Why it's wrong here
'Locations' is a valid condition, but 'network location' is not a specific condition name.
Sign-in risk
Why this is correct
Valid condition in conditional access.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Application sensitivity label
Why it's wrong here
Not a valid condition.
User risk
Why this is correct
Valid condition in conditional access.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Device manufacturer
Why it's wrong here
Not a valid condition.
Common exam traps
The trap here is that candidates may confuse 'Network location' with the valid 'Locations' condition, or assume that application sensitivity labels (which are part of Microsoft Purview) can be used directly in Conditional Access policies, when in fact they are not a supported condition.
Detailed technical explanation
Sign-in risk and user risk are derived from Microsoft Entra ID Protection, which aggregates signals from various sources including Microsoft Threat Intelligence and real-time detections like impossible travel or password spray. These risk levels (low, medium, high) can be used in Conditional Access to enforce granular controls, such as requiring password change for high user risk or blocking sign-ins for high sign-in risk. The policy evaluation occurs at authentication time, and risk levels are recalculated dynamically based on the latest signals.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — study guide chapter
Learn the concepts, then practise the questions
Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access practice questions
Targeted practice on this topic area only
All MS-102 questions
975 questions across all exam domains
Microsoft 365 Administrator MS-102 study guide
Full concept coverage aligned to exam objectives
MS-102 practice test guide
How to use practice tests most effectively before exam day
Related practice questions
Use these pages to review the topic behind this question. This is how one missed question becomes focused revision.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Deploy and manage a Microsoft 365 tenant.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Manage security and threats by using Microsoft Defender XDR.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Manage compliance by using Microsoft Purview.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Manage users, groups, licensing, and support.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to Implement and manage identity and access in Microsoft Entra ID.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to MS-102 fundamentals.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to MS-102 scenario.
Practise MS-102 questions linked to MS-102 troubleshooting.
Practice this exam
Short sessions build daily habit. Longer sessions build exam-day stamina. Try a timed session to simulate real conditions.
FAQ
Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — This question tests Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: Sign-in risk — Sign-in risk (B) and user risk (D) are both valid conditions in Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policies. These risk levels are calculated by Microsoft Entra ID Protection using real-time signals such as anonymous IP addresses, atypical travel, or leaked credentials, and can be used to trigger policies like requiring multi-factor authentication or blocking access.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
Courseiva creates original exam-style practice questions with explanations and wrong-answer analysis. It does not publish real exam questions, exam dumps, or protected exam content. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →
Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
This MS-102 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Microsoft certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the MS-102 exam.
Question Discussion
Share a tip, memory trick, or ask about the reasoning behind this question. Do not post real exam questions, leaked content, braindumps, or copyrighted exam material. Comments are moderated and may be removed without notice.
Sign in to join the discussion.