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Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

MS-102 Practice Question: Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access

This MS-102 practice question tests your understanding of implement and manage microsoft entra identity and access. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```json
{
  "displayName": "Block access for non-compliant devices",
  "conditions": {
    "users": {
      "includeUsers": ["All"]
    },
    "applications": {
      "includeApplications": ["All"]
    },
    "clientAppTypes": ["browser", "mobileAppsAndDesktopClients"],
    "devices": {
      "deviceStates": {
        "include": ["All"]
      }
    }
  },
  "grantControls": {
    "operator": "OR",
    "builtInControls": ["compliantDevice"]
  }
}
```

Refer to the exhibit. You have created a conditional access policy as shown. Users report that they can still access cloud apps from non-compliant devices. What is the most likely reason?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```json
{
  "displayName": "Block access for non-compliant devices",
  "conditions": {
    "users": {
      "includeUsers": ["All"]
    },
    "applications": {
      "includeApplications": ["All"]
    },
    "clientAppTypes": ["browser", "mobileAppsAndDesktopClients"],
    "devices": {
      "deviceStates": {
        "include": ["All"]
      }
    }
  },
  "grantControls": {
    "operator": "OR",
    "builtInControls": ["compliantDevice"]
  }
}
```

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The grant control operator is set to "OR" with only one control, which requires no controls to be satisfied

Option C is correct because the conditional access policy's grant control is set to 'OR' with only a single control selected (e.g., 'Require device to be marked as compliant'). When the operator is 'OR' and only one control is listed, the policy effectively requires that control to be satisfied. However, if the control is not enforced due to a misconfiguration or the device not being evaluated (e.g., the device platform is not specified), the 'OR' operator with a single control can be interpreted as granting access if any control is met—but since only one exists, it still must be met. The most likely reason users can still access cloud apps from non-compliant devices is that the policy's grant control operator is set to 'OR' with only one control, which means the policy does not actually block access if the control is not satisfied; instead, it allows access because the 'OR' condition is technically satisfied by the absence of a second control to fail against. In practice, this configuration is a common misconfiguration that results in the policy being ineffective.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The policy does not exclude specific users

    Why it's wrong here

    Including all users is correct; exclusion is not needed.

  • ✗

    The policy does not include all cloud apps

    Why it's wrong here

    The policy includes all apps.

  • ✓

    The grant control operator is set to "OR" with only one control, which requires no controls to be satisfied

    Why this is correct

    With OR and one control, the policy is satisfied even if the device is not compliant.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • ✗

    The policy uses session controls instead of grant controls

    Why it's wrong here

    Session controls would not block access but would enforce session restrictions.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates assume a single grant control with 'OR' operator works the same as 'AND' operator, but Microsoft's logic treats 'OR' with one control as a pass-through if the control is not enforced, leading to unintended access.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Under the hood, conditional access policies evaluate grant controls using a logical 'AND' or 'OR' operator. When set to 'OR' with a single control, the policy behaves as if the control is optional because the 'OR' condition is satisfied if any control is met—but with only one control, it must be met. However, if the device compliance check fails or is not evaluated (e.g., due to unsupported platform), the policy may still grant access because the 'OR' operator does not enforce a mandatory block; it only checks if the single control is satisfied. In real-world scenarios, this often happens when administrators mistakenly select 'OR' instead of 'AND' for a single control, leading to a policy that appears to require compliance but actually allows access if the control is not evaluated.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this MS-102 question test?

Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — This question tests Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The grant control operator is set to "OR" with only one control, which requires no controls to be satisfied — Option C is correct because the conditional access policy's grant control is set to 'OR' with only a single control selected (e.g., 'Require device to be marked as compliant'). When the operator is 'OR' and only one control is listed, the policy effectively requires that control to be satisfied. However, if the control is not enforced due to a misconfiguration or the device not being evaluated (e.g., the device platform is not specified), the 'OR' operator with a single control can be interpreted as granting access if any control is met—but since only one exists, it still must be met. The most likely reason users can still access cloud apps from non-compliant devices is that the policy's grant control operator is set to 'OR' with only one control, which means the policy does not actually block access if the control is not satisfied; instead, it allows access because the 'OR' condition is technically satisfied by the absence of a second control to fail against. In practice, this configuration is a common misconfiguration that results in the policy being ineffective.

What should I do if I get this MS-102 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026

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