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Cisco Securing Networks with Cisco Firewalls (300-710 SNCF, CCNP Security) (300-710 SNCF) (300-710 SNCF) — Questions 175

478 questions total · 7pages · All types, answers revealed

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1
MCQhard

An administrator configures DNS injection and rewriting in a manual NAT rule on an FTD device. What is the primary purpose of enabling DNS translation in a NAT rule?

A.To cache DNS responses locally on the FTD control plane
B.To encrypt DNS queries over TLS (DoT)
C.To block malicious DNS tunneling attempts via Snort inspection
D.To rewrite DNS A-records returning internal server IPs so external clients receive the correct public NAT IP
AnswerD

DNS translation rewrites IP addresses inside DNS response payloads so clients connecting through NAT reach the right address.

Why this answer

DNS translation ensures that when an internal client queries a local DNS server for an external name that resolves to a private IP (due to NAT), the FTD rewrites the DNS A-record response to the public IP.

2
MCQmedium

An administrator needs to determine if the FMC has enough disk space to hold a new software upgrade image. Which menu should they check?

A.Devices > Device Management > System
B.Policies > Settings
C.System > Health > Monitor
D.System > Configuration > Disk
E.System > Updates > Disk Space
AnswerC

The Health Monitor displays system resource utilization including disk usage.

Why this answer

The System Information page provides current disk utilization metrics for the FMC appliance.

3
MCQmedium

An engineer has modified several access control rules and object groups on the FMC. Before deploying these changes to the FTD, the engineer wants to review all pending changes to ensure no unauthorized modifications are included. Where in the FMC GUI should the engineer go to view pending deployment changes?

A.Objects > Object Management > Diff Viewer
B.Analysis > Audit > Pending
C.System > Updates > Pending Changes
D.Deploy > Deployment (or clicking the Deploy icon in the top header)
AnswerD

Clicking Deploy opens the deployment dialog where administrators can select devices and review a line-by-line diff of pending changes.

Why this answer

Pending changes on the FMC are reviewed by navigating to Deploy > Deployment (or clicking the Pending Changes icon/button in the top right banner).

4
Multi-Selectmedium

An administrator is configuring Manual NAT on an FTD device. Which THREE parameters must be defined when creating a Manual Static NAT rule for inbound traffic? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.Dynamic Port Allocation pool
B.Translated Source IP address or object
C.Original Source IP address or object
D.Original Destination IP address or object
E.Routing metric preference
AnswersB, C, D

Translated source is required to specify the internal mapped IP.

Why this answer

Manual NAT rules require a Source Interface (or original source/destination criteria), Original Source, Translated Source, and appropriate interface specifications. Specifically, original destination, translated destination, and interface settings are core components.

5
MCQhard

When using the 'Search' feature in the Access Control Policy, which filter allows you to find all rules containing a specific network object?

A.Filter by Action
B.Filter by Name
C.Filter by Zone
D.Filter by Network
AnswerD

This filter finds rules using specific network objects.

Why this answer

The rule editor allows filtering rules based on their contents like networks, zones, or applications.

6
MCQmedium

An administrator is troubleshooting a syslog integration where Secure Firewall Threat Defense is sending logs to a SIEM, but the receiving SIEM cannot parse the message headers properly because the timestamp format is in local time rather than UTC. Where can the timestamp format for syslog messages be adjusted on the FMC?

A.In Platform Settings > Syslog settings, under the advanced options for syslog message formatting.
B.In Objects > Object Management > Syslog Formats.
C.In the Access Control Policy advanced logging tab.
D.In System > Preferences > Timezone on the FMC.
AnswerA

Syslog formatting options, including timestamps (UTC vs local), are configured within the Platform Settings policy applied to the FTD.

Why this answer

Syslog timestamp formats (such as UTC vs local time, and inclusion of year) are configured in the FTD Platform Settings under the Syslog or Time synchronization settings.

7
MCQeasy

When configuring an Access Control Policy on the FMC, what is the purpose of the Default Action set at the bottom of the rules table?

A.It sets the global timeout values for all TCP connections.
B.It defines the action taken for traffic that matches no explicit rules in the policy.
C.It acts as a prefilter rule for dropped packets.
D.It forces all unmatched traffic to be sent to the Cisco Cloud for telemetry.
AnswerB

The default action acts as the catch-all rule for any traffic not matching preceding access control rules.

Why this answer

The Default Action determines how traffic that fails to match any explicit access control rule is handled (typically Block or Pass with logging).

8
MCQhard

An administrator is troubleshooting a memory leak on an FTD virtual appliance. The administrator wants to inspect real-time memory usage of individual system processes and identify top memory-consuming tasks. Which command should be run in the FTD expert mode shell?

A.top or ps aux --sort=-%mem
B.system support memory-leak-detector
C.show memory detail
D.pmtool memory-dump all
AnswerA

Standard Linux utilities like 'top' and 'ps' are available in the expert shell to analyze process memory and CPU usage.

Why this answer

In standard Linux expert mode on FTD, standard process monitoring commands like 'top' or 'htop' (if installed) or specialized memory scripts are used. Specifically, 'top' or 'ps aux --sort=-%mem' displays active process memory consumption.

9
MCQeasy

You are deploying a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense in transparent mode. How are frames forwarded between the internal and external interfaces of the firewall?

A.By encapsulating all packets inside GRE tunnels between the ingress and egress ports.
B.By bridging frames at Layer 2 based on destination MAC addresses within a configured Bridge Group.
C.By translating all private IP addresses to public IP addresses using NAT overload.
D.By performing IP route lookups and decrementing the TTL on every packet.
AnswerB

Transparent firewalls use Layer 2 bridging, forwarding frames based on MAC addresses across bridge groups.

Why this answer

Transparent mode bridges traffic at Layer 2 using Bridge Groups and Bridge Virtual Interfaces (BVIs), forwarding frames based on destination MAC addresses rather than Layer 3 routing.

10
Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO statements are true regarding NGIPS passive mode deployment?

Select 2 answers
A.It requires an inline bypass switch.
B.It is transparent to the network traffic path.
C.It is connected to a SPAN or TAP port.
D.It can actively reset connections.
E.It requires dual-homed physical interfaces.
AnswersB, C

Since it is out-of-band, it does not impact traffic.

Why this answer

Passive mode is for monitoring only and connects to a span/tap port, thus it cannot affect traffic flow.

11
MCQmedium

An engineer is deploying a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense in routed mode and must configure an internal interface connected to a data center segment. The requirement is to route traffic at Layer 3 while keeping the firewall transparent to the MAC addresses of the hosts. Which action should the engineer perform on the interface setting in Cisco FMC?

A.Set the operational mode of the interface to inline set for passive inspection without MAC rewriting.
B.Configure the interface as a BVI member to bridge the traffic across the subnet.
C.Enable the passive tap option on the physical port to monitor the data center segment out-of-band.
D.Configure the interface as a routed interface with an IP address, relying on standard Layer 3 routing.
AnswerD

A routed interface operates at Layer 3, terminating the subnet and routing traffic while updating the source and destination MAC addresses.

Why this answer

In routed mode, the firewall acts as a Layer 3 device and routes traffic using IP addresses while rewriting MAC addresses. Transparent mode operates at Layer 2. To operate at Layer 3 in routed mode while avoiding Layer 2 transparent bridge groups, standard routed interface configuration is used.

12
Multi-Selecteasy

An administrator is configuring Security Intelligence feeds on the FMC. Which TWO types of objects or feeds can be used to populate Security Intelligence blacklists? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.Local user identity realm database
B.Prefilter fast-path exclusion rules
C.Custom Network/IP Lists (Objects)
D.QoS class map profile objects
E.Cisco provided dynamic feeds (e.g., IP or URL reputation feeds)
AnswersC, E

Administrators can upload or define custom IP lists to block.

Why this answer

Security Intelligence supports custom network/IP lists and Cisco provided dynamic feeds (like reputation feeds for URLs and IPs).

13
MCQmedium

You need to map internal users to specific security policies based on their AD group membership. What must be configured in FMC to support this?

A.Access Control Policy
B.Network Discovery Policy
C.Identity Policy
D.SSL Decryption Policy
AnswerC

The Identity Policy defines how the system identifies users via realms.

Why this answer

Identity policies require an Identity Realm and agent integration to map user IPs to group memberships.

14
MCQmedium

An administrator is troubleshooting a packet drop issue on a Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) device managed by Firepower Management Center (FMC). The administrator wants to inspect real-time packets entering and leaving specific interfaces including layer 2/3 headers and ASP drop details. Which built-in FMC feature should the administrator use?

A.Analysis > Tap > Real-Time Capture
B.Policies > Access Control > Advanced > Live Trace
C.Devices > Device Management > Advanced > Packet Capture
D.System > Monitoring > Packet Capture
AnswerC

Packet captures on FTD are configured under Devices > Device Management, editing the device, and navigating to the Packet Capture tab.

Why this answer

The Capture feature on FMC allows administrators to configure packet captures on FTD interfaces, specifying filters, matching criteria, and inspecting drop reasons via the Associated Drop inspection or Advanced Settings.

15
Multi-Selecthard

An engineer is preparing to deploy a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense cluster in an enterprise data center. Which THREE requirements must be verified and configured prior to cluster initialization? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.A dedicated high-speed, low-latency Cluster Control Link (CCL) must be connected between all nodes.
B.All cluster members must be of the exact same physical or virtual model with identical interface counts.
C.The cluster master must be configured in transparent mode while slave nodes operate in routed mode.
D.Each cluster member must run a different software version to prevent simultaneous kernel panics.
E.Data interfaces on all cluster units must be connected to upstream/downstream switches using Port Channels.
AnswersA, B, E

CCL connectivity is mandatory for cluster control synchronization.

Why this answer

Firewall clustering requirements include identical hardware models/licenses, dedicated Cluster Control Link (CCL) connections, and Port Channels connecting upstream/downstream switches to all cluster nodes.

16
MCQeasy

When deploying an FTD virtual appliance on-prem using VMware ESXi, which virtual network adapter type is recommended for optimal performance?

A.E1000
B.E1000E
C.SR-IOV
D.VMXNET3
AnswerD

VMXNET3 is the recommended driver for high-throughput network applications.

Why this answer

VMXNET3 is the high-performance paravirtualized network adapter recommended for all Cisco virtual appliances on VMware to reduce CPU overhead.

17
MCQhard

An engineer is configuring a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense cluster in a data center. To ensure high availability and prevent split-brain scenarios, what is the specific function of the cluster control link (CCL)?

A.It serves as the dedicated data forwarding path for all east-west traffic between different subnets.
B.It synchronizes configuration, connection state tables, and heartbeat health checks between cluster members.
C.It offloads all Snort inspection processing from data nodes to the control node.
D.It connects the cluster directly to the Cisco FMC management cloud over an encrypted TLS tunnel.
AnswerB

The CCL handles inter-node communication, including state synchronization, configuration sync, and health monitoring.

Why this answer

The Cluster Control Link (CCL) is dedicated to synchronization, health monitoring, and control messaging between cluster nodes, preventing split-brain conditions by maintaining quorum and state sync.

18
MCQeasy

An administrator is planning the deployment of a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense device and needs to choose between routed mode and transparent mode. Which factor strongly favors choosing transparent mode?

A.The network requires advanced NAT, PAT, and dynamic routing protocols like OSPF and BGP.
B.The firewall needs to be inserted into an existing IP subnet without altering current gateway or routing designs.
C.The deployment requires termination of site-to-site IPsec VPN tunnels.
D.The firewall must act as the default gateway for multiple VLAN segments.
AnswerB

Transparent mode acts as a stealth bridge, allowing insertion without redesigning network IP schemas.

Why this answer

Transparent mode is typically chosen when inserting a firewall into an existing IP address scheme without wanting to redesign the subnetting or routing architecture.

19
Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE interface types are supported on FTD appliances?

Select 3 answers
A.Port channel interfaces.
B.Bridge-only interfaces.
C.Virtual-router interfaces.
D.Physical interfaces.
E.Sub-interfaces.
AnswersA, D, E

Used for link aggregation.

Why this answer

Physical interfaces, sub-interfaces, and port channel interfaces are standard configurations on Cisco FTD.

20
MCQmedium

What action should you take if you want to test a new Access Control Rule without impacting production traffic?

A.Delete the rule
B.Use the 'Block' action
C.Use the 'Trust' action
D.Use the 'Monitor' action
AnswerD

Monitor logs matches without enforcing drops.

Why this answer

Use the 'Monitor' action first to see what traffic matches the rule without blocking it.

21
MCQmedium

An engineer is configuring an Identity Policy in FMC to enforce user-based access control. Active Directory integration has been established via User Agent, but the engineer notices that some users authenticated via remote access VPN are not being resolved to their IP addresses. Which feature must be integrated into the identity configuration to capture IP-to-user mappings for remote access VPN users?

A.FMC Captive Portal
B.Terminal Services Agent (TS Agent)
C.SNMP polling of the DHCP server
D.Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) via pxGrid or RADIUS Accounting
AnswerD

ISE integration via pxGrid or RADIUS accounting provides user-to-IP mappings for Remote Access VPN sessions.

Why this answer

Remote Access VPN users authenticate directly to the VPN gateway. To map their dynamic IP addresses to their usernames in FMC, Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) or FMC must leverage Remote Access connection profiles and ISE/RADIUS accounting or FTD local database integration. Specifically, RADIX/ISE accounting or FTD identity sources handle VPN session user mapping.

Within FMC identity policies, captive portal or TS Agent does not track remote VPN pools as effectively as configuring RADIUS/ISE or leveraging the FTD RA VPN user mapping integration.

22
MCQmedium

An FTD device is configured in routed mode. What must be configured to allow traffic to exit the network through the firewall?

A.An inline bypass pair.
B.A bridge group interface.
C.A passive monitoring interface.
D.A static route pointing to the gateway.
AnswerD

Static routing is required for L3 forwarding in routed mode.

Why this answer

In routed mode, the FTD acts as a router; therefore, an upstream default route or specific static routes are required to forward traffic to the next hop.

23
MCQmedium

You are configuring a high availability pair of FTDs. Which interface type is strictly reserved for state synchronization?

A.Management interface
B.Data interface
C.Dedicated Failover/State link
D.Diagnostic interface
AnswerC

This link is required for stateful failover synchronization.

Why this answer

The failover link (specifically the dedicated state link) is used to synchronize connection state, NAT tables, and other session data between the active and standby units.

24
MCQeasy

Which tab in the Access Control Policy rule editor allows you to specify the source and destination zones?

A.Ports
B.Zones
C.Networks
D.Applications
AnswerB

This is the correct tab for zone selection.

Why this answer

The 'Zones' tab is where you define ingress and egress zones for the rule.

25
MCQhard

An organization configures third-party SIEM integration where Secure Firewall Threat Defense sends syslog messages over UDP. During high-traffic events, the SIEM administrator notices significant log dropping and packet loss across the network. What is the best practice solution to ensure reliable syslog delivery without packet loss due to UDP buffer overflows?

A.Configure Reliable Syslog utilizing TCP transport to ensure flow control and guaranteed packet delivery.
B.Increase the UDP socket buffer size on the FTD expert shell using sysctl kernel tuning.
C.Disable connection logging and rely solely on eStreamer.
D.Configure NAT overload on the syslog export interface.
AnswerA

TCP provides retransmission and flow control, eliminating the packet loss issues inherent to UDP syslog in high-traffic environments.

Why this answer

UDP is a best-effort transport protocol prone to packet loss during network congestion. Switching to Reliable Syslog (TCP with TLS encryption) ensures flow control, retransmissions, and guaranteed delivery of syslog messages to the SIEM.

26
MCQmedium

You are deploying a Cisco Secure Firewall in transparent mode. Which requirement must be met to ensure the appliance can successfully pass traffic between two directly connected subnets?

A.Define a Bridge Group and assign interfaces to it, ensuring the device is in Layer 2 mode.
B.Configure the firewall as the default gateway for the subnets.
C.Enable dynamic routing protocols on the bridge interface.
D.Configure an IP address on each physical interface participating in the bridge group.
AnswerA

Transparent mode requires a Bridge Group to map interfaces together at Layer 2.

Why this answer

In transparent mode, the firewall acts as a Layer 2 device. It requires a management IP address for communication but does not route traffic. It processes traffic based on L2 segments.

27
MCQmedium

You need to configure link redundancy on a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense pair using EtherChannel (Port Channel) across multiple physical interfaces. When configuring LACP (IEEE 802.3ad) for the port channel interface via the Firepower Management Center (FMC), which requirement must be met for successful negotiation?

A.The Port Channel must be configured in static mode (ON) regardless of the upstream switch settings to avoid LACP PDUs dropping.
B.Both the FTD and the connected switch must be configured in LACP active mode or one must be active and the other passive.
C.The EtherChannel must use Source-Destination IP hashing exclusively, as MAC-based hashing is unsupported on FTD.
D.LACP fast rate (1-second timer) is mandatory for FTD clustering but optional for standalone firewalls.
AnswerB

LACP requires at least one end of the channel to be in active mode to initiate and successfully establish the bundle.

Why this answer

When configuring LACP on FTD, the mode must match the upstream/downstream switch configuration (Active/Active or Active/Passive) and physical parameters like speed and duplex must match identically.

28
Multi-Selecthard

An engineer is designing a high-availability architecture utilizing Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) routing with Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense units. Which THREE characteristics or limitations apply to ECMP on FTD? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.ECMP is restricted exclusively to transparent firewall deployments and cannot be used in routed mode.
B.ECMP distributes traffic across multiple equal-cost next-hop routes to optimize bandwidth utilization and path redundancy.
C.ECMP automatically synchronizes state tables between independent firewall appliances without requiring an HA control link.
D.Traffic flow hashing algorithms are used to ensure packets belonging to the same TCP/UDP session take the same path.
E.ECMP can be populated via dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP, or via static routes with equal metrics.
AnswersB, D, E

ECMP load balances traffic across multiple equal-cost paths.

Why this answer

ECMP on FTD balances traffic across multiple paths, requires dynamic routing protocols like OSPF/BGP or static routes, and hashes flows based on packet headers.

29
MCQhard

You are configuring an SSL Decryption policy. Which action is required to ensure that traffic to a specific financial website is excluded from inspection due to compliance reasons?

A.Do Not Decrypt
B.Decrypt - Resign
C.Bypass
D.Block
AnswerA

This allows the traffic to pass through the firewall without SSL inspection.

Why this answer

The 'Do Not Decrypt' action is used in the SSL policy to bypass decryption for specific traffic based on URL or category.

30
MCQmedium

An administrator needs to restore an FMC configuration backup onto a replacement hardware appliance. Which of the following conditions must be met for the backup restoration to succeed successfully?

A.Smart Licensing must be disabled on the target appliance prior to importing the backup.
B.The target FMC must be running a newer major software version than the backup file.
C.The target appliance hardware model must be different to allow schema remapping.
D.The target FMC must run the exact same software version and patch level as the source appliance.
AnswerD

FMC backup and restore operations require exact software version matching between the source and target appliances.

Why this answer

FMC backups require the target appliance to run the exact same version of software and have matching or compatible network configurations (like license entitlements and serial structures) to ensure a clean restoration.

31
MCQeasy

Which interface configuration is required to allow traffic to pass between two interfaces that belong to the same bridge group?

A.A static route to the BVI.
B.A VLAN trunk configuration.
C.A bridge group interface (BVI) with an IP address.
D.An IP address on both interfaces.
AnswerC

The BVI acts as the logical L3 entity for the bridge group.

Why this answer

Bridge group members are treated as segments of the same L2 domain, allowing traffic to pass without routing.

32
Multi-Selectmedium

An administrator is troubleshooting a high availability (HA) failover link failure between two FTD physical appliances. Which THREE checks should be performed to diagnose physical and logical connectivity between the failover interfaces? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.Verify physical link lights (LEDs) and cable integrity on the dedicated failover interfaces.
B.Run the 'show failover' command on the FTD diagnostic CLI to inspect mate status and interface monitoring states.
C.Check interface IP configuration and ensure ping reachability across the dedicated failover subnet if layer 3 failover is used.
D.Change the FTD management IP address on both units.
E.Reboot the FMC to restart failover polling.
AnswersA, B, C

Physical layer verification is the first step in troubleshooting link failures.

Why this answer

Troubleshooting HA failover links involves checking physical cable connections, verifying interface status via 'show failover', checking IP reachability/ping across the failover interface, and reviewing failover configuration parameters.

33
Multi-Selectmedium

When troubleshooting a connectivity issue where traffic is being dropped, which TWO of the following logs or tools should be reviewed first to determine the cause?

Select 2 answers
A.Connection Events
B.System Access Log
C.Packet Tracer
D.File Policy Report
E.Hardware Inventory
AnswersA, C

Shows the policy rule that acted on the traffic.

Why this answer

Connection events show the policy hit, and the packet tracer tool shows how the policy processing pipeline handles the specific traffic flow.

34
MCQhard

An administrator notices that the FMC Health Monitor shows a 'Critical' alert for the Snort process utilization on an FTD device. What is the most appropriate first-line troubleshooting step from the FMC GUI or FTD CLI to investigate the cause of high Snort CPU usage?

A.Restart the database process via 'pmtool restartbyname mysqld'.
B.Change the Access Control policy action from 'Inspect' to 'Block' globally without logging.
C.Check the Snort performance statistics and rule update status via Devices > Device Management > Advanced > Snort Statistics.
D.Delete all custom intrusion rules immediately to clear the buffer.
AnswerC

FMC provides Snort performance statistics under Device Management to see per-core usage, packet processing rates, and dropped packets due to overload.

Why this answer

Analyzing inspection performance metrics, packet rates, and specific traffic patterns via FMC or running 'show perf-stat' or 'top' on the FTD CLI helps identify whether specific rules or traffic spikes are causing Snort queuing.

35
MCQmedium

Which component is responsible for processing traffic in an FTD cluster when 'Distributed' mode is used?

A.All cluster members.
B.The management node.
C.A separate load-balancing virtual machine.
D.Only the primary node.
AnswerA

Distributed mode utilizes all nodes for processing.

Why this answer

In distributed mode, traffic is load-balanced across all members of the cluster, and each node processes its own traffic flows.

36
MCQmedium

An administrator configures Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense to send syslog messages to a SIEM. The administrator wants to ensure that syslog messages include the unique firewall ID (device name) and structured metadata so the SIEM can distinguish logs coming from multiple firewalls in a cluster. Where is this configured?

A.In Platform Settings > Syslog > Syslog Settings, configure the device identifier option (device name or IP).
B.Via the FTD CLI command 'syslog device-name override'.
C.In Objects > Object Management > Syslog Headers.
D.In System > Configuration > Identification.
AnswerA

Syslog headers can be customized in Platform Settings to include the firewall device name or identifier.

Why this answer

FTD Platform Settings allow configuring syslog header formats, including device identifiers, serial numbers, or custom message prefixes to distinguish devices in multi-firewall deployments.

37
Multi-Selectmedium

An administrator is configuring Security Intelligence in FMC. Which TWO types of objects can be added to Security Intelligence blacklists or whitelists? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.URL objects
B.Intrusion policy objects
C.Network / IP objects
D.Security Zone objects
E.Application filter objects
AnswersA, C

URL objects and feeds are supported in Security Intelligence lists.

Why this answer

Security Intelligence supports IP address objects/networks and URL objects/feeds.

38
MCQhard

An administrator is troubleshooting an active/standby Cisco Secure Firewall High Availability pair. Stateful failover is enabled, but active long-lived TCP connections are dropping when a failover occurs. Upon checking the stateful inspection settings, what is the most likely cause of this behavior?

A.The units are running different minor patch versions of Cisco FTD, causing the state payload to be silently dropped by the receiver.
B.The stateful failover link (FMC control link) is using a management-only interface instead of a dedicated high-speed data interface.
C.Dynamic NAT translation entries are not being synchronized across the failover link because stateful NAT translation sync is disabled.
D.The active unit is configured with stateful failover, but the standby unit is configured for stateless failover via CLI.
AnswerC

Without stateful NAT sync, NAT mappings are lost on the standby unit, causing active translated TCP streams to fail upon failover.

Why this answer

If 'Stateful Inspection' or the specific protocol inspection is disabled or not synchronized, or if the asymmetric routing path prevents state synchronization, long-lived connections will drop. Specifically, if the TCP state bypass feature or asynchronous state settings are misconfigured, state tables will not match.

39
MCQhard

When configuring an FTD cluster, what is the purpose of the Control Plane IP address?

A.To synchronize the configuration files across the cluster.
B.To handle user authentication traffic.
C.To allow the FMC to manage the cluster as a single logical device.
D.To serve as the default gateway for internal hosts.
AnswerC

Control Plane IPs enable centralized management of the cluster stack.

Why this answer

The Control Plane IP allows the FMC to communicate with the entire cluster as a single entity, rather than needing to manage individual nodes separately.

40
Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE methods can be used to populate IP address objects or groups in the FMC Object Management? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.Intrusion Signature ID number
B.CIDR Network subnet
C.Individual Host IP address
D.IP Address Range (start to end)
E.Mac Address OUI prefix
AnswersB, C, D

Network objects use CIDR notation.

Why this answer

IP objects can be populated using individual IP addresses, CIDR network subnets, IP ranges, or FQDNs.

41
Multi-Selecthard

When configuring a NAT rule, which THREE options are valid 'Type' selections within the NAT Rule editor?

Select 3 answers
A.Static
B.Identity
C.Virtual
D.Dynamic
E.Transparent
AnswersA, B, D

Valid NAT type.

Why this answer

Static, Dynamic, and Identity are valid NAT types in FTD/FMC.

42
MCQeasy

Where do you define the 'Search' criteria for finding objects in FMC?

A.Devices > Device Management
B.Policies > Access Control
C.Objects > Object Management
D.Analysis > Reports
AnswerC

Correct, this page has the search functionality.

Why this answer

The Object Management page provides a search bar for filtering existing objects.

43
MCQhard

An administrator is troubleshooting a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense deployment integrated with Cisco ISE using pxGrid for TrustSec. The firewall is failing to enforce Security Group Tag (SGT) filtering on incoming traffic. What is the most likely cause of this issue?

A.Inline tagging is disabled in the access control policy Advanced settings.
B.Syslog event generation for identity events is disabled in the platform settings.
C.The pxGrid certificate on ISE has expired, but the node trust is still active.
D.The eStreamer service on the FMC is stopped.
AnswerA

SGT enforcement requires inline tagging to be enabled so the firewall can read the SGT header encapsulated in the packet.

Why this answer

For SGT enforcement to work properly on Secure Firewall Threat Defense, inline tagging must be enabled on the access control policy or the SGT/ISE integration must be explicitly mapped and enabled in the platform settings and access control rules, ensuring SGT metadata is preserved across security zones.

44
MCQhard

When you have multiple overlapping NAT rules, which rule is applied?

A.The rule that matches the interface
B.The rule with the lowest priority
C.The most specific rule
D.The first matching rule
AnswerD

Top-down, first match wins.

Why this answer

The FTD matches NAT rules using a top-down approach, similar to Access Control rules.

45
MCQmedium

A security requirement mandates that QoS be applied to limit bandwidth for guest users. Where is QoS configured on an FMC-managed FTD?

A.Within the Access Control Policy rules
B.In a separate QoS Policy
C.Under the Platform Settings
D.In the Prefilter Policy
AnswerB

QoS policies are managed independently and applied to interfaces.

Why this answer

QoS policies are defined as a separate policy type in the FMC and then applied to the Access Control Policy.

46
MCQeasy

Where in the FMC UI do you go to create a new Access Control Policy?

A.Devices > Device Management
B.Policies > Access Control
C.Objects > Object Management
D.Analysis > Connection
AnswerB

Correct navigation path.

Why this answer

Access Control Policies are found under the Policies menu.

47
MCQmedium

An administrator is configuring third-party SIEM integration using eStreamer on the FMC. A custom client application is written to connect to the FMC eStreamer server, but the connection is immediately reset. What is the most likely cause of this issue?

A.The SIEM is using TCP port 443 instead of eStreamer default port 8305.
B.The eStreamer client certificate and pkcs12 password have not been generated and configured on the FMC.
C.Syslog facility levels are set to local0 instead of daemon.
D.pxGrid service is disabled on the FMC.
AnswerB

eStreamer requires mutual authentication via a generated client certificate and unique password.

Why this answer

Before an eStreamer client can connect to FMC, an eStreamer certificate and password must be generated on the FMC and imported into the client application.

48
Multi-Selecthard

An engineer is troubleshooting a high availability failover issue in a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense pair. Which THREE conditions will trigger an automatic failover event in an Active/Standby deployment? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.Failure of designated monitored interfaces exceeding the failure threshold count.
B.Loss of power or complete hardware crash on the active unit.
C.An FMC software policy deployment to the standby unit.
D.Loss of keepalive heartbeats across the dedicated failover link.
E.A minor latency spike of 5 milliseconds on an internal routed data interface.
AnswersA, B, D

Monitored interface failures exceeding thresholds trigger failover.

Why this answer

Failover triggers include unit power loss, critical interface failure thresholds being met, kernel/hardware crashes, or failure of health check heartbeats over the failover link.

49
MCQmedium

An administrator is configuring a secure firewall deployment in an environment where dynamic routing via OSPF is required across multiple security zones. Which configuration requirement must be met on the Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense?

A.OSPF neighbor adjacencies must terminate on the firewall management interface.
B.OSPF requires all participating interfaces to be assigned to the exact same security zone.
C.OSPF must be enabled globally, associated with specific areas, and enabled on the specific routed interfaces belonging to security zones.
D.OSPF can only be enabled on transparent bridge virtual interfaces (BVIs).
AnswerC

Dynamic routing protocols like OSPF are configured globally and enabled per routed interface.

Why this answer

OSPF on FTD requires configuring OSPF routing processes via FMC, defining areas, enabling router IDs, and explicitly identifying the interfaces participating in OSPF routing.

50
MCQeasy

Which protocol does Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense use to exchange SGT (Security Group Tag) metadata across intermediate routers that do not support inline tagging?

A.RADIUS
B.TACACS+
C.SNMPv3
D.SXP (Scalable Group Tag Exchange Protocol)
AnswerD

SXP is the control plane protocol used to distribute SGT mappings to devices like FTD across non-TrustSec networks.

Why this answer

SXP (Scalable Group Tag Exchange Protocol) is a protocol used to propagate SGT-to-IP mappings across network devices and firewalls that do not support inline MACsec or IPsec SGT propagation.

51
MCQmedium

When deploying an FTD in a virtual environment, what is the primary role of the 'GigabitEthernet0/0' interface by default?

A.Failover link.
B.Management interface.
C.Data transit.
D.State link.
AnswerB

The first interface is often management.

Why this answer

In most virtual FTD deployments, the first interface is typically reserved for the management or diagnostic connectivity.

52
MCQmedium

What must be configured before an Access Control Rule can use a URL category?

A.URL Filtering License
B.Identity Policy
C.Prefilter Policy
D.QoS Policy
AnswerA

Required for dynamic URL category updates.

Why this answer

The URL filtering license must be enabled/configured for the category database to be available.

53
MCQeasy

Which component is mandatory for managing multiple FTD devices in a distributed enterprise deployment?

A.Firepower Management Center (FMC)
B.Cisco Secure Workload
C.Cisco DNA Center
D.Firepower Device Manager (FDM)
AnswerA

FMC provides the centralized policy management required for multiple devices.

Why this answer

Firepower Management Center (FMC) is the centralized management platform required to manage and orchestrate policies across multiple FTD appliances.

54
Multi-Selectmedium

An administrator is configuring high availability for Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense using Cisco FMC. Which TWO configuration steps are required during the initial setup of an Active/Standby HA pair? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.Configure a dedicated failover interface and IP address scheme for stateful heartbeat communication.
B.Configure the management interfaces to use DHCP so the standby unit can adopt the primary IP address.
C.Ensure both units are configured in different firewall modes (one routed, one transparent).
D.Assign Primary and Secondary roles to the respective firewall units in FMC.
E.Disable stateful synchronization to improve failover switching speed.
AnswersA, D

A dedicated failover link is required for health monitoring and state sync.

Why this answer

Active/Standby HA setup requires assigning roles (Primary/Secondary), configuring the failover link interface parameters, and matching interface configurations.

55
Multi-Selecthard

An administrator is configuring inline interface pairs on a Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense device. Which THREE characteristics apply to inline deployment mode? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.Inline interfaces require SPAN or TAP configurations on upstream core switches to receive mirrored traffic copies.
B.Asymmetric routing must be carefully managed or avoided because inline inspection expects to see both directions of a TCP flow.
C.Inline sets can be configured with hardware bypass (Fail Open) settings to maintain network connectivity if the device loses power.
D.The firewall sits directly in the traffic path, allowing it to inspect and drop malicious packets before they reach destination hosts.
E.Inline mode prevents the firewall from operating in routed mode.
AnswersB, C, D

Inline inspection requires seeing both forward and return paths for stateful analysis.

Why this answer

Inline mode inspects traffic live, can drop packets based on policy or threats, and supports hardware bypass (fail-open) capabilities.

56
Multi-Selecteasy

An administrator wants to view system status and resource metrics directly on an FTD CLI without logging into the FMC. Which TWO commands are commonly used in the FTD diagnostic CLI or expert shell for this purpose? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.top (in expert mode)
B.show resource usage
C.show hardware firewall-stats
D.display cpu-memory
E.print system-health
AnswersA, B

The Linux 'top' command displays real-time process resource consumption.

Why this answer

On FTD, 'show resource usage' or 'show memory' in the diagnostic CLI and 'top' in the expert shell provide resource metrics.

57
MCQmedium

What is the effect of changing the order of rules in an Access Control Policy?

A.No effect
B.Resets the device
C.Changes the evaluation sequence
D.Updates the device firmware
AnswerC

Correct, order defines priority.

Why this answer

Rules are evaluated top-down; changing the order can cause a rule to be shadowed or never matched.

58
MCQmedium

You are deploying an FTD unit in transparent mode. Which requirement must be met for the management interface and data interfaces during the initial configuration?

A.Transparent mode is only supported when using the FTD inside a virtual port channel (vPC).
B.The FTD must be configured with a bridge group, and the management interface must have an IP address for connectivity.
C.Data interfaces must be configured with an IP address on the same subnet as the management interface.
D.The management interface must be on a separate physical switch from the data interfaces.
AnswerB

Bridge groups are required for L2 switching, and management IP is essential for control.

Why this answer

In transparent mode, the FTD acts as a Layer 2 firewall. The management interface must be configured to provide access to the device, but the data interfaces do not require IP addresses for traffic processing, although they must be bridged.

59
MCQmedium

What is the result of applying an 'IPS Policy' to an Access Control Rule?

A.It enables deep packet inspection
B.It bypasses decryption
C.It blocks traffic based on IP
D.It disables the rule
AnswerA

IPS policy adds the inspection layer.

Why this answer

The IPS policy enables deep packet inspection for the traffic matched by the rule.

60
MCQmedium

An administrator needs to configure an identity policy to authenticate users using an external RADIUS server via Passive Authentication. Which mechanism accomplishes passive user identification?

A.Cisco ISE pxGrid / Firepower User Agent
B.Captive Portal
C.RADIUS Challenge-Response prompt
D.HTTP Basic Authentication challenge
AnswerA

Passive authentication relies on identity services like ISE pxGrid or Active Directory event logs via User Agent.

Why this answer

Passive authentication maps users without prompting them for credentials, typically achieved using Cisco Firepower User Agent or ISE pxGrid integration.

61
Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO of the following are valid methods for deploying an FTD appliance?

Select 2 answers
A.As a hardware module inside a Cisco Nexus switch
B.As a Docker container on a Linux host
C.As an OS-level package on a Windows server
D.As a virtual machine on ESXi
E.As a hardware appliance
AnswersD, E

FTDv is fully supported on VMware.

Why this answer

FTD can be deployed on dedicated hardware appliances or as a virtual machine in various hypervisors or cloud platforms.

62
Multi-Selecthard

An administrator configures Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense to send syslog messages to a remote SIEM. Which TWO features help ensure that syslog messages are transmitted securely and reliably across untrusted networks? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.Configuring SNMPv3 privacy and authentication parameters on the syslog server.
B.Enabling TLS encryption for syslog transmission to protect sensitive log contents in transit.
C.Configuring Reliable Syslog over TCP to enable packet retransmissions and flow control.
D.Configuring the syslog server IP as a secondary management gateway.
E.Enabling SSH tunneling on UDP port 514.
AnswersB, C

TLS encryption secures syslog data against eavesdropping across untrusted networks.

Why this answer

Reliable syslog uses TCP and TLS encryption to secure and guarantee delivery of syslog messages.

63
MCQeasy

An administrator is preparing to upgrade an FTD managed device using the FMC. Before initiating the upgrade, which FMC utility should be run to check for compatibility, disk space, and potential configuration blocks?

A.Policy > Access Control > Verify
B.Health Monitor
C.Device > Action > Pre-Check
D.System > Updates > Check Compatibility
AnswerD

The Check Compatibility / Readiness check utility within System > Updates verifies disk space, model support, and prerequisite versions before an upgrade.

Why this answer

The System Diagnostics or the Upgrade Verification Tool / Software Upgrade readiness check built into FMC is designed to validate compatibility and prerequisites before performing upgrades.

64
MCQhard

An administrator is troubleshooting an issue where an FMC cannot communicate with a managed FTD device. The health monitor shows registration is down. The administrator checks the FTD CLI and verifies the registration key and NAT ID. Which log file on the FTD should the administrator examine to troubleshoot registration and communication daemon errors (such as sftunnel)?

A./var/sf/nl/nl_manager.log
B./var/log/messages
C./var/log/cisco/sftunnel.log
D./opt/cisco/wsm/logs/startup.log
AnswerC

The sftunnel log file tracks secure tunnel establishment, certificate handshakes, and heartbeat messages between FTD and FMC.

Why this answer

The sftunnel daemon manages secure communication between FTD and FMC. Its logs are located in /var/log/cisco/sftunnel.log on the FTD filesystem.

65
MCQeasy

What must be done to apply a change made in the Access Control Policy?

A.Click 'Deploy'
B.Wait 24 hours
C.Click 'Save'
D.Restart the device
AnswerA

Deploy pushes the config to the sensor.

Why this answer

You must click 'Deploy' in the FMC to push the changes to the FTD.

66
MCQhard

An engineer is configuring a QoS policy on an FMC-managed FTD and needs to police traffic to a maximum bandwidth limit on an interface. Which shaping/policing parameter must be configured?

A.Traffic Policing with specified Committed Information Rate (CIR)
B.Prefilter FastPath Rate Cap
C.Access Control Rate Limiting action
D.Random Early Detection (RED) drop threshold
AnswerA

Traffic policing uses CIR and burst parameters to strictly limit bandwidth consumption.

Why this answer

Interface-based QoS rate limiting uses police parameters to cap bandwidth for traffic matching the QoS policy.

67
Multi-Selecthard

An administrator is troubleshooting an eStreamer connection between the FMC and a custom Python SIEM script. The connection is established, but no intrusion events appear in the SIEM. Which TWO potential reasons could explain why intrusion events are missing from the stream? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.The SIEM script is using UDP instead of TCP for eStreamer communication.
B.The FMC eStreamer listening port was changed from 8302 to 443.
C.The Access Control policy applied to the FTD devices does not have an Intrusion Policy assigned to inspect and generate events.
D.The eStreamer client script failed to subscribe to intrusion event record types during the initial handshake request.
E.The FTD management interface IP address is blocked by an Access Control rule.
AnswersC, D

If intrusion inspection is set to 'None' or 'Access Control with no IPS', no intrusion events are generated for eStreamer to stream.

Why this answer

Missing intrusion events in eStreamer can result from the client script not subscribing to intrusion event types during initialization or from Access Control rules not having intrusion policies enabled.

68
Multi-Selectmedium

An engineer needs to troubleshoot connectivity through an FTD firewall and wants to use the FTD packet tracer utility. Which THREE parameters are required when executing a basic packet tracer command from the diagnostic CLI? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.SNMP community string
B.Protocol (such as tcp, udp, or icmp)
C.Ingress interface name
D.Source IP address
E.Packet payload hex string
AnswersB, C, D

Protocol specification is mandatory for packet-tracer.

Why this answer

The packet-tracer syntax requires specifying the ingress interface, protocol (tcp, udp, icmp), source IP, source port (for tcp/udp), destination IP, and destination port.

69
MCQmedium

You are integrating Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) with Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) via pxGrid. After successfully establishing the pxGrid connection, user identity data is not populating on the FMC. Where in the FMC GUI should you verify that the SGTs and user-to-IP mappings are being received?

A.Devices > Device Management > Advanced > pxGrid
B.Objects > Object Management > Access Control List
C.Analysis > Users > Active Sessions
D.System > Integration > Cisco ISE > Runtime Status
AnswerC

Analysis > Users > Active Sessions displays the current user-to-IP mappings and identity data learned from ISE via pxGrid.

Why this answer

User-to-IP mappings and Security Group Tags (SGTs) received via pxGrid can be verified under Analysis > Users > User Activity or by checking the Connection Status within the ISE configuration pane under System > Integration > ISE.

70
Multi-Selecthard

An enterprise network architect is designing high availability for Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense using static route tracking and IP SLA. Which THREE components are essential for implementing robust static route tracking? (Choose three)

Select 3 answers
A.An IP SLA monitor or BFD session configured to periodically ping or probe the target next-hop IP address.
B.A tracking object that references the IP SLA operation and reports its up/down state.
C.A BGP peer group session terminating on the firewall management interface.
D.An active cluster control link across three physical security modules.
E.A backup static route configured with a higher metric, tied to the tracking object so it activates when the primary route fails.
AnswersA, B, E

IP SLA / BFD probes test the reachability of the gateway.

Why this answer

Static route tracking requires an IP SLA probe (or BFD), a tracking object that evaluates the probe status, and a static route tied to that tracking object.

71
Multi-Selectmedium

An administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues to the FMC web interface (HTTPS). Which TWO commands or diagnostic checks can be performed on the FMC CLI to verify web server responsiveness and port status? (Choose two)

Select 2 answers
A.Use 'system support web-restart' or check the status of the web server daemon (such as nginx/lighttpd).
B.Run 'debug https-server' from expert mode.
C.Execute 'ping gateway-web' to test HTTP routing.
D.Run 'ss -tuln' or 'netstat -an | grep 443' to verify that the web server is listening on TCP port 443.
E.Use 'system support reset-ip' to fix web access.
AnswersA, D

Restarting or checking the web server process daemon verifies web interface operational status.

Why this answer

On the FMC CLI, administrators can check the status of web services using netstat/ss to verify port 443 binding, and examine lighttpd or nginx web server processes.

72
MCQhard

An FMC managed deployment is experiencing slow GUI performance and delayed event reporting. The administrator suspects database table bloat in the FMC PostgreSQL database. Which utility or command can the administrator run from the FMC expert shell to analyze and vacuum/optimize the database safely?

A.Execute the FMC database optimization script or use 'system support database-optimizer' if available, or consult Cisco documentation for running vacuum scripts via the sf bin directory.
B.Use the FMC GUI under System > Database > Purge and click 'Format Storage'.
C.Run 'pg_ctlcluster 12 main restart' in the root shell.
D.Execute 'drop database sf_db; recreate database;' from the PostgreSQL prompt.
AnswerA

FMC includes internal database maintenance utilities managed via support scripts to safely vacuum PostgreSQL tables.

Why this answer

FMC provides specialized database maintenance scripts, such as 'sfdblist' or database optimization tools located in /usr/local/sf/bin/ or invoked via specific admin CLI utilities.

73
MCQhard

What is the result of using a 'Security Group' object in an Access Control rule?

A.Matches based on IP address
B.Matches based on VLAN
C.Matches based on SGT
D.Matches based on Interface
AnswerC

SGTs (Security Group Tags) are the basis for this object type.

Why this answer

Security Group objects allow policy matching based on Cisco TrustSec tags.

74
MCQhard

In an FTD clustering deployment, how does the control plane communicate state information between the master and slave units?

A.Via the Management Interface.
B.Via the backplane bus protocol.
C.Via the Data Link.
D.Via the Control Link.
AnswerD

The Control Link synchronizes cluster state and health information.

Why this answer

In FTD clustering, the Control Link (CL) is responsible for heartbeat and state synchronization between the master unit and the subordinate units.

75
MCQeasy

What is the primary function of the 'Object Management' section in FMC?

A.To create reusable objects
B.To analyze traffic
C.To create policies
D.To manage firmware
AnswerA

This is the central location for objects.

Why this answer

Object Management is where you create reusable objects for policies.

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