LPIC-1 Devices, Filesystems and FHS Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Based on the lsblk output, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The partition /dev/sda2 is an extended partition.. In the lsblk output, /dev/sda2 is listed as a partition of type 'Extended' (typically shown as 'Extended' or with a partition type ID of 5 in fdisk). Extended partitions cannot be directly formatted or mounted; they serve as containers for logical partitions (e.g., sda5). The lsblk output would show sda2 with no filesystem or mount point, and sda5 would appear as a child of sda2, confirming sda2 is extended.

Answer

The disk /dev/sdb has an extended partition.

Answer

The root filesystem is mounted from /dev/sda5.

Answer

The disk /dev/sda has a primary partition sda5.

Question 2

Based on the /etc/fstab entry, which filesystem will be checked by fsck at boot time?

Accepted Answer

/ and /boot only. The /etc/fstab entry shows that only the root filesystem (/) and /boot have a non-zero value in the pass field (the sixth field). The fsck command at boot time checks filesystems with a pass number greater than 0, and the order is determined by the pass number (root typically 1, /boot 2). Since /mnt/data and swap have a pass value of 0, they are skipped.

Answer

All filesystems except NFS

Answer

/, /boot, and /mnt/data

Answer

/, /boot, and swap

Question 3

A company runs a web server on Linux with two hard disks: /dev/sda (500GB) and /dev/sdb (500GB). The root filesystem is on /dev/sda1, and /var is on /dev/sda2. The administrator wants to add a new disk /dev/sdc (500GB) to be used as additional storage for /var/www/html. The new disk should be configured as an LVM physical volume and added to an existing volume group named 'vg_web'. The volume group currently has 200GB free space from /dev/sdb1. The administrator intends to extend the logical volume 'lv_web' mounted at /var/www/html by 300GB. Which of the following is the correct sequence of commands to achieve this without data loss?

Accepted Answer

pvcreate /dev/sdc1; vgextend vg_web /dev/sdc1; lvextend --resizefs -L +300G /dev/vg_web/lv_web. Both options C and D are correct for extending an ext4 filesystem. Option C uses the `--resizefs` flag with `lvextend`, which automatically resizes the filesystem after extending the logical volume. This flag is supported in modern LVM2 for ext4 and other filesystems. Option D performs the resize explicitly with `resize2fs`. Both achieve the same result. Option A omits the filesystem resize, so the new space is not usable. Option B uses the whole disk without a partition, which is not standard practice and may cause issues. Therefore, the correct sequence includes either the `--resizefs` flag or an explicit resize step.

Answer

pvcreate /dev/sdc1; vgextend vg_web /dev/sdc1; lvextend -L +300G /dev/vg_web/lv_web

Answer

pvcreate /dev/sdc; vgextend vg_web /dev/sdc; lvextend -L +300G /dev/vg_web/lv_web; resize2fs /dev/vg_web/lv_web

Question 4

A Linux administrator is troubleshooting a server that fails to boot with the error 'Give root password for maintenance (or press Control-D to continue)'. The root filesystem is on /dev/sda2, formatted as ext4. The administrator suspects a filesystem inconsistency. The server is in a remote data center and the administrator has console access via IPMI. Which of the following is the safest procedure to repair the filesystem?

Accepted Answer

At the maintenance prompt, run 'mount -o remount,ro /dev/sda2 /' then 'fsck -f /dev/sda2' and then 'reboot'.. It first remounts the root filesystem as read-only to prevent any writes during the repair, which is essential for a consistent fsck run on an ext4 filesystem. Then it uses 'fsck -f' to force a check even if the filesystem appears clean, followed by a reboot to exit maintenance mode. This is the safest procedure as it avoids the risk of the filesystem being mounted read-write during repair, which could cause further corruption.

Answer

At the maintenance prompt, run 'fsck /dev/sda2' and answer yes to all prompts.

Answer

At the maintenance prompt, run 'fsck -y /dev/sda2' to force repair.

Answer

At the maintenance prompt, run 'fsck -a /dev/sda2' to automatically repair.

Question 5

A system administrator notices that the /tmp directory is filling up quickly, causing applications to fail. The administrator wants to ensure that files in /tmp are automatically cleaned after a certain period. Which of the following is the best approach without installing additional software?

Accepted Answer

Configure the systemd-tmpfiles service with a configuration file to clean /tmp regularly.. Systemd-based Linux distributions include the systemd-tmpfiles service, which can be configured via files in /etc/tmpfiles.d/ to automatically clean temporary files based on age, size, or other criteria. This approach uses built-in systemd functionality without requiring additional software, and it is the recommended method for managing /tmp cleanup on modern systems.

Answer

Add a cron job that runs 'rm -rf /tmp/*' every hour.

Answer

Install tmpwatch and configure it to clean files older than 1 day.

Answer

Set the sticky bit on /tmp to automatically delete old files.

Question 6

Which THREE commands can be used to display the UUID of a filesystem on a Linux system without superuser privileges? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

file -s /dev/sda1. The `file -s /dev/sda1` command reads the superblock of the specified block device and displays filesystem type information, which typically includes the UUID for filesystems like ext4, XFS, or Btrfs. This works without superuser privileges because it only performs a read-only inspection of the device file's metadata, not requiring any write access or privileged system calls.

Answer

dumpe2fs -h

Answer

findfs UUID=...

Question 7

Refer to the exhibit. The system administrator sees that /var/log is 93% full and the syslog file is nearly 2 GB. What is the most appropriate immediate action to free up disk space without losing any critical log data?

Accepted Answer

Run 'logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.conf' to force log rotation.. 'logrotate -f' forces an immediate rotation of all log files as defined in /etc/logrotate.conf, which compresses or archives the current syslog file (e.g., syslog becomes syslog.1) and creates a fresh empty log file. This frees disk space without deleting any data, as the rotated logs remain on disk until the configured retention policy removes them. It is the standard, safe immediate action for a nearly full /var/log partition.

Answer

Increase the size of the /var/log partition using lvextend.

Answer

Delete /var/log/syslog and restart the syslog daemon.

Answer

Move /var/log/syslog to /tmp and create a symbolic link.

Question 8

You are a systems administrator for a medium-sized company that runs a web server on a Linux host. The server has two physical disks: /dev/sda (250 GB) and /dev/sdb (500 GB). The root filesystem is on /dev/sda2, and /var is on /dev/sda3 (50 GB). The web application stores user-uploaded files in /var/www/uploads, which is part of the /var filesystem. Recently, /var has been running out of space because uploads have grown to 40 GB. You have added /dev/sdb1 (500 GB) and created an ext4 filesystem on it. You need to make the space available for uploads without disrupting the current file paths. The server must remain online during the process. Which of the following actions should you take?

Accepted Answer

Mount /dev/sdb1 on /mnt, copy /var/www/uploads to /mnt/uploads, then mount --bind /mnt/uploads /var/www/uploads.. Using a bind mount allows you to mount the new 500 GB filesystem at /mnt/uploads and then bind it to /var/www/uploads, preserving the existing file paths without moving or renaming anything. This operation can be performed online without unmounting /var or disrupting the web server, as bind mounts are a feature of the Linux kernel that make a mounted filesystem accessible at another directory.

Answer

Convert /var to use LVM by backing up, reformatting, and restoring data.

Answer

Create a symbolic link from /var/www/uploads to /dev/sdb1.

Answer

Move /var/www/uploads to /mnt/uploads and create a symbolic link from /var/www/uploads to /mnt/uploads.

Question 9

Order the steps to create and apply a file system permission using ACLs.

Accepted Answer

Mount the filesystem with the acl option, then use setfacl to apply ACL rules, then use getfacl to verify ACL rules.. ACLs require the filesystem to be mounted with the acl option, then setfacl applies rules, and getfacl verifies them.

Answer

Use setfacl to apply ACL rules, then mount the filesystem with the acl option, then use getfacl to verify ACL rules.

Answer

Use getfacl to verify ACL rules, then use setfacl to apply ACL rules, then mount the filesystem with the acl option.

Answer

Mount the filesystem with the acl option, then use getfacl to verify ACL rules, then use setfacl to apply ACL rules.

Question 10

Arrange the steps to create a LVM logical volume and mount it.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount. The correct sequence for creating an LVM logical volume and mounting it is: first create physical volumes (PVs) using pvcreate, then create a volume group (VG) with vgcreate, then create a logical volume (LV) with lvcreate, and finally format the LV with a filesystem (e.g., mkfs) and mount it. This ensures that each step builds on the previous one.

Answer

Step 1: Create volume group, Step 2: Create physical volumes, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create logical volume, Step 3: Create volume group, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Format and mount, Step 4: Create logical volume

Question 11

Match each file system type to its typical description.

Accepted Answer

ext4: Default Linux file system with journaling and support for large files. The correct matches are: ext4 (default journaling FS), XFS (large file performance), Btrfs (advanced features), and swap (virtual memory). Common confusions include attributing XFS features to ext4 and mischaracterizing swap as a metadata file system.

Answer

ext4: File system optimized for large storage arrays and high concurrency

Answer

swap: File system that stores file metadata in a tree structure

Question 12

Match each networking tool to its primary use.

Accepted Answer

ping: Test connectivity to a remote host. The correct matches are: ping for connectivity testing, ifconfig for interface configuration, and traceroute for path tracing. Common confusions include swapping netstat and nslookup definitions, or mistaking traceroute's purpose for ping's.

Answer

netstat: Query DNS name servers for host information

Answer

nslookup: Display network connections and routing tables

Answer

traceroute: Test connectivity to a remote host

Question 13

An administrator needs to identify the device file for the first SATA SSD in a server. Which device file should they use?

Accepted Answer

/dev/sda. The first SATA SSD in a Linux system is typically assigned the device file /dev/sda. SATA drives use the SCSI subsystem via the libata driver, which names them /dev/sdX, with 'a' representing the first detected drive. This is the standard naming convention for SATA SSDs in modern Linux kernels.

Answer

/dev/hda

Answer

/dev/sdb

Answer

/dev/nvme0n1

Question 14

According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which directory contains essential system binaries required during boot?

Accepted Answer

/sbin. According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), /sbin contains essential system binaries required for booting, repairing, and recovering the system. These binaries are critical before /usr is mounted, such as fsck, init, and route. While /bin also contains essential binaries, the FHS specifically designates /sbin for system administration binaries needed during boot.

Answer

/usr/bin

Answer

/usr/local/bin

Answer

/bin

Question 15

Which command creates an ext4 filesystem on /dev/sdb1 without interactive prompts?

Accepted Answer

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1. `mkfs.ext4` is a direct frontend to `mke2fs` that creates an ext4 filesystem without interactive prompts. It automatically formats the partition with ext4 defaults, requiring no user confirmation, making it suitable for scripting.

Answer

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

Answer

mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

Answer

mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1