LPIC-1 Practice Test 2 — 30 Questions

Question 1

A data center server with two NICs (eth0 and eth1) is configured for network bonding in mode 1 (active-backup). The admin notices that after a cable pull on eth0, the bond interface fails over to eth1 as expected. However, when the cable is reconnected to eth0, the bond remains on eth1 indefinitely. The admin checks /proc/net/bonding/bond0 and sees that eth0 is marked as 'up' but not as 'active'. Which parameter is most likely missing from the bond configuration? Options: A) 'miimon=100' to enable link monitoring, B) 'downdelay=0', C) 'updelay=0', D) 'primary=eth0' to prefer eth0 as the active slave.

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

primary=eth0. The bond is in active-backup mode (mode 1) and eth0 is marked as 'up' but not 'active' after reconnection. Without the 'primary=eth0' parameter, the bond does not automatically switch back to the preferred slave (eth0) once it becomes available; it only fails over to eth1 when eth0 goes down. Setting 'primary=eth0' ensures that eth0 is always preferred as the active slave when it is in 'up' state, triggering a failback.

Answer

updelay=0

Answer

downdelay=0

Answer

miimon=100

Question 2

On a systemd-based system, which file is NOT used for system initialization?

Accepted Answer

/etc/inittab. /etc/inittab is the configuration file used by the traditional SysV init system to define runlevels and control terminal getty processes. On a systemd-based system, systemd does not read /etc/inittab; instead, it uses unit files and targets to manage system initialization, making this file unused for that purpose.

Answer

/etc/fstab

Answer

/etc/systemd/system/default.target

Answer

/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target

Question 3

Which THREE steps are required to configure a network interface with a static IP address using the ip command (assuming interface eth0)? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

ip route add default via 192.168.1.1. The `ip route add default via 192.168.1.1` command sets the default gateway for the system, which is essential for routing traffic to networks beyond the local subnet. Without a default route, the static IP configuration would only allow communication within the local network (192.168.1.0/24), making this step mandatory for full network connectivity.

Answer

ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0

Answer

echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' > /etc/resolv.conf

Question 4

A Linux administrator needs to install a single Debian package file named 'custom-tool_2.1.0_amd64.deb' that was downloaded from a vendor's website. The package has several dependencies that are not currently installed, and the administrator wants the package manager to automatically resolve and install those dependencies from the configured repositories. Which command should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

apt install ./custom-tool_2.1.0_amd64.deb. The correct approach is to use apt install with the local .deb file path, as apt can handle both local package installation and dependency resolution from repositories. Using dpkg alone would install the package but leave dependencies unresolved, while forcing installation ignores the problem. Using apt-get with just the package name would fail because the package is not in a repository.

Answer

dpkg --install --force-depends custom-tool_2.1.0_amd64.deb

Answer

apt-get install custom-tool

Answer

dpkg -i custom-tool_2.1.0_amd64.deb

Question 5

Based on the dpkg -l output in the exhibit, what does the 'rc' status indicate for the apache2 package?

Accepted Answer

The package was removed but configuration files remain.. In dpkg, the 'rc' status means the package has been removed (the 'r' flag) but its configuration files remain on the system (the 'c' flag). This occurs when you use 'apt-get remove' or 'dpkg -r' without the --purge option, leaving behind files like /etc/apache2/*. The 'c' indicates that the package's conffiles (as listed in its control data) have not been deleted, allowing for potential reinstallation with previous settings preserved.

Answer

The package is unpacked but not configured.

Answer

The package is installed and configured.

Answer

The package is completely purged.

Question 6

Refer to the exhibit. The 'mount -a' command fails for the NFS mount. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The NFS server is not exporting the directory or is unreachable.. The 'mount -a' command reads /etc/fstab and attempts to mount all entries. For an NFS mount, the most common failure is that the NFS server is not exporting the specified directory or is unreachable, which causes the mount to fail with an error like 'mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting' or 'mount.nfs: No route to host'. This is the correct answer because network-based filesystem mounts depend on server availability and export configuration.

Answer

The local mount point /mnt/nfs does not exist.

Answer

The filesystem type 'nfs' is not supported by the kernel.

Answer

The 'defaults' option is missing for the NFS entry.

Question 7

A small business runs a Linux server hosting a web application and a PostgreSQL database. The server uses LVM for storage, with a single volume group vg_data containing two logical volumes: lv_web (50GB) and lv_db (100GB). The root filesystem is on a separate disk. The administrator receives alerts that the database volume is at 95% capacity. The server has additional unused space from a recently added disk that was added to the volume group as an additional physical volume, but the space has not been allocated. The administrator runs 'vgs' which shows VG vg_data with total size 500GB, allocated 150GB, and free 350GB. The administrator wants to increase the size of lv_db by 50GB. Which course of action should the administrator take?

Accepted Answer

Run 'lvextend -L +50G /dev/vg_data/lv_db' and then 'resize2fs /dev/vg_data/lv_db' (if filesystem is ext4).. The administrator needs to extend the existing logical volume lv_db by 50GB using 'lvextend -L +50G /dev/vg_data/lv_db' (the '+' is critical for relative growth), and then if the filesystem is ext4, 'resize2fs /dev/vg_data/lv_db' resizes the filesystem to use the newly allocated space. The volume group already has 350GB free, so no new physical volume needs to be added.

Answer

Run 'lvresize -L 50G /dev/vg_data/lv_db' and then 'xfs_growfs /mount/point'.

Answer

Run 'lvcreate -L 50G -n lv_backup vg_data' and mount it.

Answer

Run 'vgextend vg_data /dev/sdb1' and then 'lvextend -L 50G /dev/vg_data/lv_db'.

Question 8

Which command displays information about currently loaded kernel modules?

Accepted Answer

lsmod. The `lsmod` command reads the `/proc/modules` file to display a list of all currently loaded kernel modules, showing their name, size, usage count, and dependent modules. This is the standard tool for querying the current module state in the Linux kernel.

Answer

insmod

Answer

modinfo

Answer

modprobe -l

Question 9

A developer downloads the source code for a kernel module and attempts to compile it using `make`. The compilation fails with an error indicating that the kernel header files are missing. Which package should be installed to provide the necessary headers on a Debian system?

Accepted Answer

`linux-headers-$(uname -r)`. The correct package is `linux-headers-$(uname -r)` because kernel modules must be compiled against headers that match the exact running kernel version. The `$(uname -r)` command substitution dynamically inserts the current kernel release string (e.g., `5.10.0-28-amd64`), ensuring the headers correspond to the active kernel. On Debian, these headers are provided by the `linux-headers-` package, which includes the necessary `Kbuild`, `Kconfig`, and header files under `/usr/src/linux-headers-`.

Answer

`kernel-headers-generic`

Answer

`build-essential`

Answer

`linux-kernel-headers`

Question 10

A system administrator needs to see the boot messages recorded by systemd-journald from the current boot. Which command is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

journalctl -b. The `journalctl -b` command is the most appropriate because it specifically queries the systemd journal for messages from the current boot. Systemd-journald is the default logging daemon on modern Linux distributions, and `journalctl -b` filters the binary journal to show only entries with a boot ID matching the current boot, which includes kernel messages, service logs, and boot-time events.

Answer

dmesg

Answer

tail -n 50 /var/log/syslog

Answer

cat /var/log/messages

Question 11

An openSUSE administrator needs to add a new repository from a URL and refresh the package cache. Which command sequence accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

zypper addrepo url; zypper refresh. `zypper addrepo url` adds a new repository from the specified URL, and `zypper refresh` updates the package cache to include metadata from all configured repositories. This two-step sequence is the standard method in openSUSE for adding a remote repository and making its packages available for installation.

Answer

zypper install --repo url

Answer

zypper modifyrepo --add url

Answer

zypper repos --add url

Question 12

Refer to the exhibit. The job runs every hour but the administrator notices that it does not execute on Sundays. Which cron syntax element is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The day-of-week field. The day-of-week field (the 5th field in a cron expression) controls which days of the week the job runs. If this field is set to 1-6 (Monday–Saturday) or explicitly excludes 0/7 (Sunday), the job will not execute on Sundays. Since the job runs every hour but not on Sundays, the day-of-week field is responsible.

Answer

The minute field

Answer

The hour field

Answer

The month field

Question 13

Refer to the exhibit. A user tries to write to /mnt/usb/myfile.txt as a non-root user and receives a permission denied error. What is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

The vfat filesystem does not support Unix permissions, and the mount options (fmask/dmask) restrict write access to root only. The vfat filesystem does not store Unix-style permissions; instead, it relies on mount options like fmask and dmask to set the effective permissions for all files and directories. If these masks are set to restrict write access to root only (e.g., fmask=0133), non-root users will receive a 'permission denied' error even if the filesystem is mounted read-write. This is a common cause of write failures on USB drives formatted with FAT/VFAT.

Answer

The filesystem is mounted read-only

Answer

The filesystem is mounted with the 'noexec' option, preventing write

Answer

The file's permissions are 644, so the user does not have write access

Question 14

Order the steps to configure a Linux system to use a proxy server for HTTP.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables (http_proxy, https_proxy, no_proxy) in /etc/environment or user shell config. Step 2: Source the config file (e.g., source ~/.bashrc) or log out/in. Step 3: Configure application-specific proxy settings (e.g., apt.conf, /etc/wgetrc). Step 4: Test connectivity using curl or wget.. Proxy configuration involves setting environment variables and application-specific configs.

Answer

Step 1: Configure application-specific proxy settings (e.g., apt.conf). Step 2: Set environment variables in /etc/environment. Step 3: Source the config file. Step 4: Test connectivity.

Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables in a terminal session (export http_proxy=...). Step 2: Configure application-specific settings. Step 3: Test connectivity. Step 4: Do not make settings persistent by saving to config files.

Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables in /etc/environment. Step 2: Test connectivity without sourcing or logging out. Step 3: Configure application-specific settings. Step 4: Reboot the system.

Question 15

A systems administrator needs to change the permissions of the file /home/user/script.sh so that the owner can read, write, and execute; the group can read and execute; and others have no access. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

chmod 750 /home/user/script.sh. Chmod 750 sets the permissions to rwxr-x---, which gives the owner read, write, and execute (7), the group read and execute (5), and others no access (0). This matches the requirement exactly.

Answer

chmod 755 /home/user/script.sh

Answer

chmod 770 /home/user/script.sh

Answer

chmod 741 /home/user/script.sh

Question 16

Match each ACL term to its meaning.

Accepted Answer

Access ACL: Defines permissions for a file or directory.. The correct matches: Access ACL applies to files and directories; Default ACL applies to new objects; Mask limits permissions for named users/groups. Common confusions include applying ACLs only to directories or misinterpreting mask as owner permissions.

Answer

Access ACL: Applied only to directories.

Answer

Default ACL: Controls access to the current directory's contents.

Answer

Mask: Permissions for the file owner.

Question 17

An administrator notices the system clock is drifting. Which command can be used to enable automatic time synchronization using NTP on a system with systemd?

Accepted Answer

timedatectl set-ntp yes. `timedatectl set-ntp yes` enables automatic time synchronization via NTP on systems using systemd. This command configures the `systemd-timesyncd` service, which is the default NTP client for systemd-based distributions, to synchronize the system clock with remote NTP servers. It is the standard, modern method for managing NTP settings in such environments.

Answer

ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Answer

systemctl start ntpd

Answer

date --set

Question 18

Refer to the exhibit. When will the cron job execute?

Accepted Answer

Every minute.. The cron job entry `* * * * *` specifies five fields (minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week), each set to `*`, meaning 'every'. This results in the job executing every minute of every hour, every day of the month, every month, and every day of the week — i.e., every minute without restriction.

Answer

Every minute of every hour, but only weekdays.

Answer

Every day at midnight.

Answer

Every hour.

Question 19

An administrator notices that a large file on an ext4 filesystem is taking up more disk space than expected based on its size. Which command would show the actual disk usage (block allocation) of the file?

Accepted Answer

du -h. (du -h) is correct because du (disk usage) reports the actual disk space consumed by a file, including allocated blocks, which can be larger than the file's logical size due to block size overhead, fragmentation, or sparse file handling. On ext4, the default block size is 4096 bytes, so a 1-byte file occupies 4096 bytes on disk, and du reflects this allocation.

Answer

ls -l

Answer

df -h

Answer

stat

Question 20

A script starts multiple background processes. An administrator wants to wait for all background jobs to complete before proceeding. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

wait. The `wait` command without any arguments waits for all background jobs spawned by the current shell to complete before returning control to the script. This is the correct way to synchronize multiple background processes in a shell script, ensuring all child processes finish before proceeding to the next command.

Answer

jobs -l

Answer

wait %1

Answer

sleep 5