LPIC-1 Practice Test 5 — 25 Questions

Question 1

Match each file system type to its typical description.

Accepted Answer

ext4: Default Linux file system with journaling and support for large files. The correct matches are: ext4 (default journaling FS), XFS (large file performance), Btrfs (advanced features), and swap (virtual memory). Common confusions include attributing XFS features to ext4 and mischaracterizing swap as a metadata file system.

Answer

ext4: File system optimized for large storage arrays and high concurrency

Answer

swap: File system that stores file metadata in a tree structure

Question 2

Match each SELinux context component to its purpose.

Accepted Answer

user: Identifies the SELinux user identity. In SELinux, the context format is user:role:type:level. User identifies the SELinux user, role defines accessible roles, type defines domain/object type, and level defines sensitivity/categories. Common confusions include swapping user/role or role/type.

Answer

user: Defines the set of roles that can be accessed

Answer

role: Defines the domain for processes

Question 3

Arrange the steps to create a LVM logical volume and mount it.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount. The correct sequence for creating an LVM logical volume and mounting it is: first create physical volumes (PVs) using pvcreate, then create a volume group (VG) with vgcreate, then create a logical volume (LV) with lvcreate, and finally format the LV with a filesystem (e.g., mkfs) and mount it. This ensures that each step builds on the previous one.

Answer

Step 1: Create volume group, Step 2: Create physical volumes, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create logical volume, Step 3: Create volume group, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Format and mount, Step 4: Create logical volume

Question 4

Arrange the steps to schedule a cron job that runs a script every day at 2 AM.

Accepted Answer

1. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 2. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 3. Save and exit the editor. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.. Crontab -e opens the user's cron file; the syntax minute hour day month weekday command must be correct.

Answer

1. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 2. Save and exit the editor. 3. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.

Answer

1. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`. 2. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 3. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 4. Save and exit the editor.

Answer

1. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 2. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 3. Save and exit the editor. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.

Question 5

Match each ACL term to its meaning.

Accepted Answer

Access ACL: Defines permissions for a file or directory.. The correct matches: Access ACL applies to files and directories; Default ACL applies to new objects; Mask limits permissions for named users/groups. Common confusions include applying ACLs only to directories or misinterpreting mask as owner permissions.

Answer

Access ACL: Applied only to directories.

Answer

Default ACL: Controls access to the current directory's contents.

Answer

Mask: Permissions for the file owner.

Question 6

Arrange the steps to troubleshoot a service that fails to start.

Accepted Answer

Check service status and logs, then examine configuration files, then fix the issue, then restart the service.. Troubleshooting starts with checking status and logs, then examining config files, fixing, and restarting.

Answer

Examine configuration files, then check service status and logs, then fix the issue, then restart the service.

Answer

Check service status and logs, then fix the issue, then examine configuration files, then restart the service.

Answer

Restart the service, then check service status and logs, then examine configuration files, then fix the issue.

Question 7

Order the steps to mount an NFS share from a remote server.

Accepted Answer

Install NFS client, then create mount point directory, then run mount command, then verify the mount. NFS mounting requires the client package, a local directory, and the mount command with server and export path.

Answer

Create mount point directory, then install NFS client, then run mount command, then verify the mount

Answer

Install NFS client, then run mount command, then create mount point directory, then verify the mount

Answer

Run mount command, then install NFS client, then create mount point directory, then verify the mount

Question 8

Arrange the steps to configure a static IP address on a Linux system using the command line.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Open the network configuration file (e.g., /etc/network/interfaces).
Step 2: Configure the interface with static IP, netmask, gateway, and DNS.
Step 3: Save and exit the file.
Step 4: Restart the networking service.. Static IP configuration requires editing the appropriate config file, then restarting networking to apply changes.

Answer

Step 1: Restart the networking service.
Step 2: Open the network configuration file.
Step 3: Configure the interface with static IP, netmask, gateway, and DNS.
Step 4: Save and exit the file.

Answer

Step 1: Open the network configuration file.
Step 2: Save and exit the file.
Step 3: Configure the interface with static IP, netmask, gateway, and DNS.
Step 4: Restart the networking service.

Answer

Step 1: Configure the interface with static IP, netmask, gateway, and DNS.
Step 2: Restart the networking service.
Step 3: Open the network configuration file.
Step 4: Save and exit the file.

Question 9

Order the steps to configure a Linux system to use a proxy server for HTTP.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables (http_proxy, https_proxy, no_proxy) in /etc/environment or user shell config. Step 2: Source the config file (e.g., source ~/.bashrc) or log out/in. Step 3: Configure application-specific proxy settings (e.g., apt.conf, /etc/wgetrc). Step 4: Test connectivity using curl or wget.. Proxy configuration involves setting environment variables and application-specific configs.

Answer

Step 1: Configure application-specific proxy settings (e.g., apt.conf). Step 2: Set environment variables in /etc/environment. Step 3: Source the config file. Step 4: Test connectivity.

Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables in a terminal session (export http_proxy=...). Step 2: Configure application-specific settings. Step 3: Test connectivity. Step 4: Do not make settings persistent by saving to config files.

Answer

Step 1: Set environment variables in /etc/environment. Step 2: Test connectivity without sourcing or logging out. Step 3: Configure application-specific settings. Step 4: Reboot the system.

Question 10

Match each package manager to its associated distribution family.

Accepted Answer

APT: Debian-based distributions. Common package managers and their distribution families: APT (Debian), YUM/DNF (Red Hat), ZYpp (SUSE), pacman (Arch). Distractor options swap these associations.

Answer

APT: Red Hat-based distributions

Answer

YUM: SUSE-based distributions

Question 11

A developer is troubleshooting a shell script that uses the variable $HOME but it outputs nothing when the script runs. The script is executed with ./script.sh from an interactive shell. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The user has no home directory. Option C is incorrect because in an interactive shell, the HOME variable is typically exported by the login process and inherited by child processes. The most likely cause for $HOME being empty is that the user has no home directory defined in the password database (or the directory doesn't exist), which can cause the variable to be empty or unset in some configurations. Options A and B would not cause $HOME to be empty; using sh instead of bash or running with sudo would still provide a HOME value (possibly different) or set it to root's home.

Answer

The script is run with sh instead of bash

Answer

The script is run with sudo

Answer

The HOME variable is not exported

Question 12

Which TWO commands can be used to display information about the CPU(s) in a Linux system? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

cat /proc/cpuinfo. Options D and E are both correct. `cat /proc/cpuinfo` reads the virtual file /proc/cpuinfo which the kernel populates with detailed CPU information for each core, such as model name, cache size, and flags. `lscpu` is a utility that collects CPU information from /proc/cpuinfo and sysfs, presenting it in a human-readable tabular format. Both commands are standard on Linux for displaying CPU details.

Answer

uname -m

Answer

lsusb

Answer

cpufreq-info

Question 13

Which TWO files are used to configure kernel boot parameters in GRUB?

Accepted Answer

/etc/default/grub. The correct answers are B and C. /etc/default/grub (B) is the primary configuration file for GRUB 2 where users set kernel boot parameters such as GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX. /etc/grub.d/ (C) is a directory containing scripts that are executed by grub-mkconfig to generate the final /boot/grub/grub.cfg file; these scripts can be modified to add or change kernel boot parameters. Option E (/boot/grub/grub.cfg) is a generated file, not used for direct configuration. Options A (/sys/kernel/cmdline) and D (/proc/cmdline) display the current kernel command line but are not configuration files.

Answer

/sys/kernel/cmdline

Answer

/proc/cmdline

Answer

/boot/grub/grub.cfg

Question 14

A junior system administrator is tasked with setting up a new Linux server that will act as a network time client. The server must synchronize its clock with the external NTP pool servers 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, and 2.pool.ntp.org. The administrator installs the ntp package and edits /etc/ntp.conf to include the following lines:

server 0.pool.ntp.org
server 1.pool.ntp.org
server 2.pool.ntp.org

However, after restarting the ntpd service, the administrator notices that the system time does not appear to be synchronized. The command 'ntpq -p' returns no output. The administrator checks the status of the ntpd service with 'systemctl status ntp' and sees that the service is active (running). What is the most likely reason for the synchronization failure?

Accepted Answer

The ntpd daemon is configured to only adjust the clock gradually and refuses to make large time jumps by default.. The correct answer is B because the ntpd daemon, by default, refuses to make large time jumps (typically more than 128 ms) to avoid abrupt time changes. If the system clock is significantly out of sync, ntpd will not attempt to contact the NTP servers and will not adjust the clock, resulting in an empty peer list from 'ntpq -p'. To synchronize, the administrator should manually set the clock close to the correct time or start ntpd with the -g option to allow a large initial step.

Answer

The NTP servers are unreachable due to a firewall blocking UDP port 123.

Answer

The ntp.conf file is missing the 'pool' directive; instead, 'server' lines are used incorrectly.

Answer

The ntpd service is not enabled to start at boot, so it stopped after the administrator logged out.

Question 15

You are a Linux administrator for a company that runs a web server on a system with limited disk space. The web server logs are stored in /var/log/httpd/access_log and grow quickly. The operations team requires that the most recent logs be available for troubleshooting, but logs older than 7 days must be compressed to save space. You decide to implement log rotation using logrotate. The logrotate configuration file for httpd currently contains:

/var/log/httpd/*.log {
    daily
    rotate 7
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        /bin/systemctl reload httpd 2>/dev/null || true
    endscript
}

After applying this configuration, you notice that log files are being compressed immediately instead of after one rotation. What is the most likely cause and the correct step to fix this?

Accepted Answer

Change the rotation frequency to 'weekly' so that the most recent week's logs remain uncompressed and older logs are compressed.. The issue is that with daily rotation, the delaycompress directive delays compression by only one rotation (one day). This means that rotated logs are compressed after one day, not after the desired 7 days. To meet the requirement that logs older than 7 days are compressed, the rotation frequency should be changed to weekly. With weekly rotation, delaycompress delays compression by one week, so logs younger than 7 days remain uncompressed and the most recent week's logs are available for troubleshooting.

Answer

Remove the 'sharedscripts' directive to ensure the postrotate script runs for each log file individually.

Answer

Remove the 'delaycompress' directive to ensure compression occurs at each rotation.

Answer

Add the 'copytruncate' directive to avoid moving the log file, allowing the web server to continue writing to the same file.

Question 16

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator runs ss -tuln and gets the output above. Which of the following statements about this server is true?

Accepted Answer

The server runs SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, NTP, and mDNS.. The `ss -tuln` command displays listening TCP and UDP sockets with numeric addresses and ports. The output shows ports 22 (SSH), 80 (HTTP), 443 (HTTPS), 123 (NTP), and 5353 (mDNS). Therefore, the server is listening for SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, NTP, and mDNS services. Option D correctly lists all these services.

Answer

The server only runs SSH and DNS.

Answer

The server runs SSH and NTP only.

Answer

The server only runs SSH and HTTP.

Question 17

Which THREE of the following are valid systemd service unit types?

Accepted Answer

oneshot. Option A (oneshot) is correct because it is a valid systemd service unit type that defines a service where the main process runs once and exits, after which systemd considers the service as active. This is commonly used for tasks like filesystem checks or one-time initialization scripts.

Answer

runtime

Answer

exec

Question 18

A system administrator needs to ensure a custom script runs every time the system boots. Where should the script be placed for execution during the boot process on a standard Linux system?

Accepted Answer

/etc/rc.local. Option D is correct because /etc/rc.local is a legacy system initialization script that is executed at the end of the boot process on many Linux distributions using SysV init or systemd (with a compatibility unit). Placing a custom script inside /etc/rc.local ensures it runs once per boot, after all other init scripts have completed, making it a straightforward method for executing custom commands or scripts at system startup.

Answer

/etc/cron.d/

Answer

/etc/init.d/

Answer

/etc/cron.hourly/

Question 19

An administrator wants to run a shell script every day at 2:00 AM. Which command should be used to edit the user's personal crontab?

Accepted Answer

crontab -e. The correct command to edit a user's personal crontab is `crontab -e`. This invokes the default text editor (as defined by the EDITOR or VISUAL environment variable) on the user's crontab file, ensuring proper syntax validation and locking to prevent concurrent edits. It is the standard and recommended way to modify cron jobs for the current user.

Answer

crontab -l

Answer

at 2:00 AM

Answer

vi /var/spool/cron/crontabs/username

Question 20

Refer to the exhibit. The job runs every hour but the administrator notices that it does not execute on Sundays. Which cron syntax element is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The day-of-week field. The day-of-week field (the 5th field in a cron expression) controls which days of the week the job runs. If this field is set to 1-6 (Monday–Saturday) or explicitly excludes 0/7 (Sunday), the job will not execute on Sundays. Since the job runs every hour but not on Sundays, the day-of-week field is responsible.

Answer

The minute field

Answer

The hour field

Answer

The month field