Workload-Specific Database Design

A company is designing a new e-commerce platform using Amazon DynamoDB. The workload requires single-digit millisecond latency for user session data, which is accessed by session token. The session data is temporary and should be automatically deleted after 24 hours. Which DynamoDB design should the database specialist recommend?

A financial services company is migrating its Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database runs a critical batch processing job every night that updates millions of rows. The company needs the migration to minimize downtime and ensure data integrity. Which AWS service should the database specialist use to perform the migration?

A company is running a MySQL database on Amazon RDS and needs to store JSON documents that are frequently queried by fields within the JSON. The company wants to reduce development complexity and improve query performance. Which RDS MySQL feature should the database specialist recommend?

A company is designing a multi-tenant SaaS application on Amazon Aurora MySQL. Each tenant has its own database, but some tenants are very large and generate high write traffic. The company wants to isolate tenant workloads to prevent a noisy neighbor from affecting other tenants. Which TWO design strategies should the database specialist recommend?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB for player session data. Each session has a partition key of `game_id` and a sort key of `session_id`. The table has a global secondary index (GSI) on `player_id` for leaderboard queries. Recently, the company noticed that write traffic to the GSI is causing throttling on the base table, even though the base table's write capacity is not fully utilized. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The current database uses multi-statement transactions with read committed isolation level. The application frequently encounters deadlocks on the source database. Which Aurora MySQL feature can help reduce deadlocks without application changes?

A company is designing a database for an e-commerce application that needs to store product catalog data. The data is highly structured with relationships between products, categories, and suppliers. The application requires ACID transactions to maintain data integrity when updating inventory. The company expects moderate read and write traffic. Which AWS database service is MOST suitable for this workload?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests sensor data from thousands of devices. Each device sends a reading every minute. The data includes device_id, timestamp, temperature, humidity, and pressure. The application needs to store this data and support queries that retrieve all readings for a specific device within a time range. The company expects high write throughput and moderate read frequency. The data must be stored with high durability. Which TWO database designs are appropriate for this workload? (Choose TWO.)

A logistics company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL to track package shipments. The 'shipments' table contains 200 million rows and has a primary key on 'shipment_id' (UUID). The application frequently queries for shipments by 'tracking_number', which is a unique string of 20 characters. The DBA created a B-tree index on tracking_number. The queries by tracking_number are fast, but inserts are becoming slower over time. The table has 50 GB of data. The company plans to double the insert rate next month. The database is a db.r5.large instance with 500 GB of Provisioned IOPS SSD storage. The instance's CPU utilization is below 30%, and there is no lock contention. What should the database specialist do to improve insert performance?

A gaming company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL to store player profiles and game state data. The database is currently 500 GB and grows by 10 GB per day. The company runs weekly reports that scan the entire database, causing high I/O and CPU usage. The application experiences read latency spikes during report generation. The team wants to minimize performance impact on the application while maintaining the ability to run reports. Which solution should the team implement?

A financial services company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store transaction records. Each transaction has a unique transaction_id as the partition key and a timestamp as the sort key. The application frequently queries all transactions for a given customer within a date range. However, customer_id is not an attribute indexed for querying. The company wants to optimize these queries without redesigning the entire table schema. Which action should the company take?

Arrange the steps to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle using AWS DMS (Database Migration Service) in the correct order.

Arrange the steps to enable encryption at rest for an existing unencrypted Amazon RDS for MariaDB DB instance in the correct order.

Match each AWS service to its primary purpose.

Match each RDS storage type to its description.

A startup is building a real-time leaderboard for a mobile game using Amazon DynamoDB. The leaderboard must update frequently and support global access with low latency. Which database design approach is most suitable?

A company needs to store and query time-series data from IoT sensors. The data is written continuously and queried by time range for dashboards. Which AWS database service is most cost-effective and scalable for this workload?

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to AWS. Which AWS database service is most compatible and requires minimal application changes?

A company runs an application that requires a relational database with high availability across multiple Availability Zones. The database must automatically failover with minimal downtime. Which AWS service meets these requirements?

A company needs to choose a database for a real-time analytics workload that requires sub-second query latency on streaming data. Which TWO AWS services are most suitable?

A company is migrating a large Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. Which THREE design considerations are important for performance optimization?

A company is designing a database for a global e-commerce application with millions of users. The workload requires single-digit millisecond read latency, high availability across multiple AWS Regions, and strong consistency. Which database service should the company use?

A media company is storing large video files (up to 10 GB each) in Amazon S3 and needs to maintain metadata about each file, including title, duration, and upload timestamp. The workload involves frequent writes (1000+ per second) and occasional read queries by title. Which database is best suited for this metadata store?

A company is building a social network application that needs to store user profiles, friend relationships, and a feed of posts. The feed queries are complex, involving graph traversals (e.g., friends of friends). Which database is best suited for the relationship data?

A company needs to store and query JSON documents that vary in structure. The application requires flexible schema, automatic indexing, and the ability to run complex aggregation pipelines. Which AWS database service should be used?

A company runs an analytics platform that queries billions of rows of sales data. Queries are complex and involve aggregations across multiple dimensions. The data is updated in bulk daily. Which service should be used as the primary data store?

A gaming company needs a database to store player session data that is ephemeral and requires sub-millisecond latency. The data can be lost on failure without impact. Which service is best?

A company is designing a database for a mobile application that requires offline synchronization. Users should be able to read and write data while offline, and changes should sync when connectivity is restored. Which AWS service supports this pattern?

Which TWO AWS services can be used to implement a serverless database architecture for variable workloads?

A company is designing a database for an e-commerce platform that requires high availability and automatic failover with minimal downtime. The application performs both OLTP and read-heavy analytics. Which AWS database service should be used?

A startup is building a real-time leaderboard for a gaming application. The data is highly dynamic with frequent updates and requires single-digit millisecond latency. Which database is most suitable?

A company needs to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to AWS with minimal changes to the application code. The application uses complex stored procedures and has high availability requirements. Which database service should be used?

A company is building a document management system where each document can have multiple attributes (tags) that need to be queried efficiently. The workload is write-heavy with occasional reads. Which database is best suited?

A company is designing a multi-region active-active application that requires low-latency reads and writes across regions. The database must support conflict resolution. Which database should be used?

A company needs to store and query time-series data from IoT devices. The data arrives in high volume and requires efficient range queries over time. Which database is most appropriate?

A company is running a MongoDB workload on-premises and wants to migrate to AWS with minimal operational overhead. The application uses MongoDB-specific features like aggregation pipelines. Which service is best?

A company needs to build a reporting dashboard that queries a large dataset stored in Amazon S3. The queries are complex and require full SQL support. Which service should be used?

A company is designing a social media application that requires storing user relationships (follows) and making graph queries like 'mutual friends.' Which database is most suitable?

Which TWO of the following are best practices for designing a DynamoDB table for high traffic? (Choose 2)

Which TWO are valid use cases for Amazon ElastiCache for Redis? (Choose 2)

A company uses Amazon RDS for Oracle for an OLTP application. The database experiences high CPU utilization during peak hours. The application is read-heavy and can tolerate eventually consistent reads. Which solution reduces CPU load on the primary database with minimal application changes?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests millions of sensor readings per second. Each reading includes device ID, timestamp, and measurement. The workload requires time-series analytics and data retention for 90 days. Which AWS database solution is MOST appropriate?

A company needs a fully managed graph database for a social networking application that requires real-time recommendations based on friend connections. Which AWS service should they use?

A company is migrating a large Oracle data warehouse to AWS. The warehouse contains 50 TB of data and runs complex analytical queries. The solution must support concurrency of up to 100 users and provide high performance for queries. Which THREE design decisions should the company make? (Choose three.)

A company is building a microservices architecture and needs a database for a service that stores JSON documents with variable schema. The database must support high availability and automatic scaling. Which TWO services meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to an IAM role used by a Lambda function that writes to a DynamoDB table. The function also needs to read items from the table. What is the outcome of this policy?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer reports that the RDS MySQL instance 'mydb' is experiencing high write latency. The storage is gp2 with 100 GB. What is the MOST likely cause of the write latency?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS. The database is used for a critical e-commerce application that requires high availability with automatic failover. Which RDS deployment option should the company choose to meet these requirements?

A company is designing a database for a social media application that requires low-latency access to user profiles and support for complex graph queries. Which AWS database service is most suitable for this workload?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests millions of time-series data points per second. The database must support high-throughput writes and efficient querying of recent data. Which AWS database service is MOST suitable?

A company is building a mobile application that requires users to be able to query their order history quickly. The data is stored in Amazon DynamoDB, and each user has up to 10,000 orders over time. The application needs to support pagination and filtering by order date. What is the MOST efficient way to model this data in DynamoDB?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB to store session data for a web application. The session data expires after 24 hours. Which DynamoDB feature should the company use to automatically delete expired items?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)? (Choose 2.)

Which THREE of the following are best practices for designing a DynamoDB table for a gaming leaderboard that updates scores frequently and supports queries for top players? (Choose 3.)

What is the purpose of the 'TimeToLiveSpecification' in this template?

A financial services company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database has a high volume of write transactions and requires minimal downtime during migration. Which AWS service or feature should be used to replicate data continuously to the target RDS instance during the migration?

A healthcare company stores patient records in Amazon DynamoDB. Each record includes a 'patient_id' (partition key) and 'visit_date' (sort key). The company needs to run ad-hoc queries to find all patients seen by a specific doctor within a date range. Which design approach minimizes cost and latency for this query pattern?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that collects sensor data every second from millions of devices. The data is time-series and must be stored for 90 days, with occasional queries for recent data. Which AWS database solution is MOST cost-effective and performant?

A company is using Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL for its transactional database. The application generates reports that query millions of rows, causing high CPU on the primary instance. The reports are not time-sensitive. What is the MOST cost-effective way to offload the reporting queries without affecting write performance?

A startup is building a mobile app that requires a scalable NoSQL database. The data model includes user profiles with variable attributes that change over time. The database must support high read throughput and low latency. Which AWS database is best suited?

Which TWO factors should be considered when choosing between Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon RDS for MySQL for a new e-commerce application with variable traffic patterns?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database has a large table with frequent inserts and updates. To minimize downtime during migration, which AWS service should be used?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB with global tables across two regions. They notice increased write latency and throttling during peak hours. The access pattern is mostly writes to a small set of hot partitions. Which design change would best address this?

A company needs to store JSON documents that are frequently accessed by a web application. The documents have varying attributes and the query pattern includes filtering on multiple fields. Which AWS database service is most suitable?

A company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL for its e-commerce platform. The application team reports increasing read latency on the primary instance during sales events. Which action should be taken to reduce read load on the primary?

A company is designing a database for a social media application that needs to handle friend-of-friend queries and recommendation engine traversals. Which AWS database is best suited?

A startup needs a fully managed relational database with automated backups and scaling. They expect unpredictable workloads. Which AWS service meets these requirements?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a session management system. They need to store session data with a TTL of 24 hours. However, they notice that expired items are not being deleted promptly, causing storage costs to increase. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to run a MongoDB-compatible database on AWS with automated patching and backups. Which service should they choose?

Which TWO design patterns are commonly used to handle hot partitions in Amazon DynamoDB? (Choose 2.)

Which THREE factors should be considered when choosing between Amazon RDS and Amazon DynamoDB for a new application? (Choose 3.)

Which TWO techniques can reduce read latency for frequently accessed data in Amazon DynamoDB? (Choose 2.)

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB workload to Amazon DocumentDB. The current workload uses secondary indexes heavily for reporting queries. Which design consideration should the company evaluate to ensure optimal performance on DocumentDB?

A financial services company runs an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. The application performs complex joins and aggregations on large tables, causing high CPU utilization on the writer instance. The team wants to reduce load without changing the application code. Which solution would best address this issue?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the database for user profiles and game state. The application requires strongly consistent reads for the user's own profile, but eventually consistent reads for leaderboard queries. How should the company design the table and queries?

A media company uses Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache database query results and reduce load on the primary database. The cache hit ratio is low because the cache is purged frequently. The team wants to improve the hit ratio without increasing the cache size. Which strategy should they implement?

A healthcare application stores patient records in Amazon DynamoDB. Each record has a unique patient ID and contains sensitive health information. The application must encrypt data at rest and ensure that only authorized services can access the data. Which combination of design choices meets these requirements?

A startup is building a social media application that requires a database to store user relationships (followers, following) and support graph queries. The data volume is expected to grow to tens of terabytes. Which AWS database service is most suitable for this workload?

A company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL to run a reporting application. The reporting queries are complex and take several minutes to complete, causing performance impact on the primary instance. The company wants to isolate the reporting workload without data staleness. Which solution should they implement?

A company is designing a disaster recovery plan for an Amazon DynamoDB table that stores critical session data. The table is provisioned with on-demand capacity. The recovery objective is to have the data available in another AWS Region within 15 minutes of a regional outage. Which design should they choose?

A company is running an Oracle database on Amazon RDS with the configuration shown in the exhibit. The application is experiencing high latency for write operations. The storage is consistently showing high queue depth and write latency. Which change will most improve write performance?

A social media application stores user posts in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. The application experiences a sudden spike in read traffic during peak hours, causing database bottlenecks. The team needs to improve read scalability without changing the application code. Which solution is MOST cost-effective?

A company runs a time-series application that records sensor data every second. The data volume is 500 GB per month and grows continuously. They need to query the last 30 days of data frequently and older data rarely. Which database design is MOST appropriate?

A financial services company uses Amazon Aurora MySQL-Compatible Edition for transaction processing. They need to run complex analytical queries on the same data without impacting transactional performance. Which solution meets these requirements?

A startup needs a cost-effective database for a small application that handles both transactional and analytical workloads. They expect low traffic initially but want the database to automatically scale as the business grows. Which database solution is BEST suited?

A mobile gaming application uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player profiles and game state. The write throughput is high during events, but low otherwise. The company wants to minimize costs while maintaining performance. Which capacity mode should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle data warehouse to AWS. The warehouse contains 20 TB of data and supports complex SQL queries with joins and aggregations. The migration should minimize downtime and require minimal changes to existing SQL queries. Which database service is MOST appropriate?

Which TWO are best practices for designing a DynamoDB table for high-traffic e-commerce application? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE are factors to consider when choosing between Amazon RDS and Amazon DynamoDB? (Select THREE.)

Refer to the exhibit. An application team notices that the MySQL RDS instance 'mydb' is running at 80% CPU utilization during peak hours. They need to improve read performance without increasing the CPU load on the primary instance. Which action should they take?

A company needs to store session data for millions of users with sub-millisecond latency. The data is key-value in nature and can tolerate eventual consistency. Which database service is best suited?

A financial services company runs a critical application on Amazon RDS for Oracle. The workload is write-heavy with frequent small transactions. The DBA notices high latency during peak hours. Which design change would best address this?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player profiles with partition key player_id. The access pattern is to retrieve profiles for multiple players in a single request. The application currently makes separate GetItem calls, causing high latency. Which design pattern reduces latency and cost?

A startup needs a fully managed, serverless database for a new web application with unpredictable traffic. The application requires ACID transactions and SQL queries. Which AWS database service should they use?

A company runs a data warehouse on Amazon Redshift. The workload has frequent DELETE and UPDATE operations on a large fact table. Over time, query performance degrades. Which maintenance operation should be scheduled regularly to optimize performance?

Which TWO of the following are valid design considerations when using Amazon DynamoDB for a high-traffic e-commerce application? (Select TWO.)

Which TWO of the following are recommended best practices for designing a relational database on Amazon RDS? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE of the following are key considerations when designing a time-series database using Amazon DynamoDB? (Select THREE.)

A company is designing a document management system using Amazon S3 and needs to store metadata such as document ID, owner, creation date, and tags. The metadata must be searchable with low latency, supporting queries like 'Find all documents owned by user X with tag Y created after date Z'. Which AWS database service is most suitable for storing and querying this metadata?

A financial services company runs a critical application on Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database stores transaction data that must be retained for 7 years for regulatory compliance. The current retention policy stores all data in the same table, causing performance degradation on the main transactional table. The company needs to archive data older than 1 year while keeping it queryable. Which design should they implement?

A company is building a real-time chat application using Amazon DynamoDB. Each message has a conversation ID, timestamp, sender, and content. The primary access pattern is to retrieve the most recent 50 messages for a given conversation, ordered by timestamp. Which table design minimizes cost and latency?

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to AWS. The application uses MongoDB's aggregation pipeline for real-time analytics. Which AWS database service is most compatible and provides the least application changes?

A company uses Amazon RDS for Oracle with a custom application that generates complex hierarchical queries using CONNECT BY. They want to migrate to Amazon Aurora to reduce licensing costs. Which migration strategy requires the fewest application changes?

A company is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 with Amazon Redshift Spectrum for analytics. The data includes JSON logs from web servers. Which THREE design practices should the company follow to optimize query performance and cost?

A company is running an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance as shown in the exhibit. The application is experiencing high write latency. The instance has a high number of write operations and the storage queue depth is consistently above 100. Which change would most effectively reduce write latency?

A company runs an e-commerce platform on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. During a flash sale, the database experiences high write load and read replicas lag significantly. The application uses read replicas for reporting queries. Which design change would most effectively reduce replica lag without compromising write performance?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary database for a global gaming application. The application requires single-digit millisecond latency for user profile lookups by user ID. However, some queries need to retrieve all active users in a region (e.g., 'us-east-1') for administrative dashboards, and these queries currently perform full table scans, causing high costs and throttling. What design approach should be taken to optimize this?

A company has a document database workload on Amazon DynamoDB that stores user session data. The application frequently updates session attributes (e.g., last activity timestamp). The current design stores the entire session as a single item and updates the entire item on each session activity. This is causing high write costs and throttling. Which design pattern would reduce write costs and improve performance?

A company is designing a multi-tenant SaaS application on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. Tenants have vastly different data sizes and access patterns. The current design uses a separate schema per tenant, but some tenants experience slow queries while others are fine. Which approach would best isolate tenant performance and simplify management?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a time-series IoT workload. Each device sends a data point every minute. The primary key consists of device_id (partition key) and timestamp (sort key). The company wants to efficiently retrieve the latest 10 data points for a specific device. Which query design is most efficient?

A company is using Amazon RDS for Oracle with a very large database (10 TB). They need to migrate to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. The source database is heavily used with constant writes. Which migration strategy is most appropriate?

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility). The application uses MongoDB's aggregation pipeline with $lookup and $unwind stages. What should the company verify before migration?

A company runs a MySQL database on Amazon RDS for a financial application that requires point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery window of at least 35 days. The database is 500 GB in size. Which TWO actions should be taken to meet these requirements?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming leaderboard that updates frequently. They need to maintain a sorted list of top 100 players by score. Which THREE design patterns can achieve this efficiently?

A company is running a MySQL database on an EC2 instance and wants to migrate to Amazon RDS for MySQL with minimal downtime. The database is 500 GB in size and has a high write workload. Which migration approach is most appropriate?

A company runs a MongoDB workload on Amazon EC2 and wants to migrate to Amazon DocumentDB. The database has a total size of 2 TB and experiences 10,000 writes per second during peak. Which migration strategy minimizes downtime?

A company needs a database for a serverless web application that stores user sessions. The sessions expire after 24 hours. The database must be highly available and require no server management. Which AWS service is most appropriate?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is 1 TB and has complex stored procedures. The migration must be completed within a 4-hour downtime window. Which migration approach is most efficient?

A company runs a financial application on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL that requires point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery point objective (RPO) of 1 second and recovery time objective (RTO) of 5 minutes. Which configuration meets these requirements at the lowest cost?

A company is designing a database for an analytics workload that requires storing 5 TB of data and running complex SQL queries with joins. The workload is read-heavy and requires high concurrency. Which TWO services are suitable for this workload? (Choose two.)

A company runs a PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS for a CRM application. The database is 500 GB and experiences high read traffic. The company wants to improve read scalability and reduce latency. Which TWO actions should the company take? (Choose two.)

A company is running a MySQL database on Amazon RDS for a web application. The application experiences read-heavy traffic, and the company wants to improve read performance without changing the application code. Which design should the database specialist recommend?

A company is running a MongoDB-compatible database on Amazon DocumentDB. The application performs frequent updates to a small subset of fields in documents. The company notices that write latency is high. What should the database specialist recommend to reduce write latency?

A company has a critical application that uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. During a recent failure, the automatic failover took 2 minutes, causing application timeout. The company needs to reduce failover time to under 30 seconds. Which solution should the database specialist recommend?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests millions of small sensor readings per second. The data is time-series and queries are mostly range scans over time. The company needs a cost-effective solution with high write throughput. Which AWS service should the database specialist recommend?

A company is designing a database for an e-commerce platform that needs to store product catalog data. The data is highly relational with many-to-many relationships between products, categories, and suppliers. The platform requires ACID transactions and complex joins. Which TWO AWS database solutions are suitable for this workload? (Choose TWO.)

A company is designing a database for a social media application that requires storing user profiles, posts, and follower relationships. The application needs low-latency queries for user timelines and social graph traversals. Which TWO AWS database services should the database specialist consider? (Choose TWO.)

Refer to the exhibit. A company uses this DynamoDB table to store user session data. The application frequently queries by user_id alone to get all sessions for a user. However, the query is slow. What is the most likely cause?

A company runs a customer relationship management (CRM) application on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application stores customer data in a table with over 50 million rows. The company recently added a new query that searches for customers by their email domain (e.g., '@example.com'). The query uses a LIKE pattern: 'WHERE email LIKE ''%@example.com'''. The query takes over 30 seconds to complete. The DBA has already created a B-tree index on the email column, but it does not help. Which action should the database specialist recommend to improve query performance?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database contains a large table that is partitioned by date. The company wants to minimize downtime during migration and ensure compatibility. Which TWO actions should the company take?

A company is designing a highly available e-commerce application using Amazon DynamoDB. The application requires strongly consistent reads for inventory data and eventual consistency for user session data. Which TWO design decisions should the company make?

A media company stores video metadata in Amazon DynamoDB. Each record has a partition key of video_id and a sort key of uploaded_timestamp. The application frequently queries videos by genre and upload date. The access pattern is read-heavy with occasional writes. The table is provisioned with 3000 RCUs and 1000 WCUs. The company notices that queries by genre are slow and consume many RCUs. Which design change should be made to optimize for this workload?

A company runs an OLTP application on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database stores customer orders. The application frequently queries orders by customer_id and order_date. The orders table has 100 million rows. The query performance has degraded over time. The database has a single index on customer_id. The company needs to improve query performance without changing the application code. Which design change should be made?

A company runs a reporting application on Amazon Redshift. The application queries a large fact table that is distributed by a key. The report queries filter on a date column. The report performance is slow. The database has 10 nodes. The company wants to improve query performance by optimizing the table design. Which design change should be made?

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL to store e-commerce order data. The orders table has millions of rows and is frequently queried by order_id. The company also runs periodic reports that aggregate data by order_date. The reports are slow. The database has a primary key on order_id. The company needs to improve report performance without affecting OLTP queries. Which design change should be made?

An e-commerce application stores order data in Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database has grown to 1.5 TB and the company needs to retain data for 7 years for compliance. Current queries are becoming slow due to the large table size. The compliance requirement mandates that data older than 1 year must be retained but is rarely accessed. What strategy would reduce the active table size while maintaining compliance?

A company is designing a document storage system using Amazon DynamoDB. Each document is up to 400 KB and is identified by a unique 'document_id'. The access pattern is to retrieve a document by its ID. Which DynamoDB table design is MOST efficient?

A company runs a MySQL database on Amazon RDS and wants to capture data changes to replicate to a separate reporting database. Which AWS service should be used to capture these changes with minimal impact on the source database?

A company is designing a database for a global e-commerce platform. The application requires single-digit millisecond read and write latency for user sessions, and must handle millions of requests per second. The data is key-value in nature. Which TWO AWS services should the company consider? (Choose two.)

A company is building a real-time leaderboard for a mobile game using Amazon DynamoDB. The leaderboard displays the top 100 players by score. The table has 'game_id' as partition key and 'player_id' as sort key. The score is updated frequently. Which THREE design patterns should the company implement to ensure low-latency reads for the leaderboard? (Choose three.)

A financial services company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ and read replicas. The application suddenly reports increased write latency. The DB instance is a db.r5.large with 300 GB of General Purpose SSD (gp2) storage. CloudWatch metrics show Write IOPS is at 2,500 and Write Latency averages 50 ms. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database with complex stored procedures and triggers to AWS. They want to minimize code changes. Which AWS database service should they consider?

A developer is designing a DynamoDB table for an order management system using the above CloudFormation template. The application needs to query orders by CustomerID. The current design has a GSI on CustomerID. However, the developer notices that the GSI has low write throughput and often throttles. What is the most cost-effective way to improve write throughput on the GSI?

A company needs to store time-series data from IoT sensors. Each sensor sends a reading every minute. The data is rarely accessed after 30 days. The query pattern is to retrieve all readings for a specific sensor within a time range. Which AWS database is most cost-effective?

A company runs a global application using Amazon Aurora Global Database. The primary region is us-east-1, and secondary regions are eu-west-1 and ap-southeast-1. The application reports that writes to the primary are taking longer than expected. What is the most likely cause?

A company needs to store and query graph data (nodes and edges) for a social network. They require low-latency traversals. Which AWS database is best suited?

A company runs an OLTP workload on an RDS for MySQL instance. The database has a table with 50 million rows. The application frequently runs queries that join this table with a small lookup table (1000 rows) using a foreign key. The queries are slow. Which design change would most improve performance?

A startup wants to store session data for a web application. Each session is small (under 1 KB) and accessed frequently with low latency. The data can be ephemeral and does not require complex queries. Which AWS database service is most suitable?

A company runs a financial application that requires ACID transactions on a relational database. The workload has a high volume of writes and reads, and the team wants to minimize operational overhead. Which AWS database service should they choose?

A gaming company wants to store player profiles and game state. The data is accessed via a REST API and must be highly available with single-digit millisecond latency. The schema is simple and may evolve over time. Which database should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle data warehouse to AWS. The warehouse contains 50 TB of data and runs complex queries that involve joins and aggregations. The team wants to minimize migration effort and cost while maintaining query performance. Which AWS service should they use?

Which TWO factors should you consider when choosing between Amazon RDS and Amazon DynamoDB for a new application?

A startup is building a social media application. User profiles, posts, and comments have relationships but the team expects rapid growth and wants to scale horizontally with no single points of failure. They need a database that supports flexible schemas for different content types. Which database service is most appropriate?

A company is running a MongoDB-compatible workload on Amazon DocumentDB. They are experiencing high write latency during peak hours. The current cluster has one instance (db.r5.large) with 100 GB storage. Which change is most likely to improve write performance?

A company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL to store sensor data. Each sensor sends a row every second. The table has grown to 500 GB and queries filtering on a timestamp column are slow even with an index. The team wants to improve query performance while keeping the data online. Which approach should they take?

A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The application uses Amazon RDS for MySQL. Recently, the database CPU utilization spikes to 100% during peak hours. The team observes that the spike is caused by a large number of slow queries. They need to identify and resolve the issue with minimal disruption. Which combination of steps should they take? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The database is 2 TB and the migration must have minimal downtime. The network bandwidth between the on-premises data center and AWS is 1 Gbps. Which migration approach is most appropriate?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a session management store. The application writes and reads session data frequently. The team notices that write requests occasionally fail with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException. They want a cost-effective solution to handle these bursts. What should they do?

A company is designing a database for a global application that requires active-active replication across two AWS Regions. The database must support multi-master writes with conflict resolution. Which AWS database service should they use?

A company is building a real-time analytics dashboard for IoT sensor data. The data arrives as JSON and needs to be stored in a way that supports fast ingestion and complex queries. Which database service is best suited?

A company needs to store and manage user sessions for a web application. The application runs on multiple EC2 instances, and sessions must be accessible from any instance. The team wants a fully managed, highly available, and low-latency solution. Which AWS service should they use?

A company wants to run a graph database for a social network application. The data model involves users, posts, comments, and likes, with many-to-many relationships. Which AWS database service is most appropriate?

A company runs a reporting application that queries an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. The queries are complex and take a long time to run, causing performance degradation on the primary instance. The team wants to improve query performance without affecting the transactional workload. Which solution should they use?

A company needs to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size and has a 24/7 uptime requirement. Which AWS service should be used to perform the migration with minimal downtime?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store session data for a web application. The table has a partition key of 'SessionId'. The company wants to automatically expire sessions after 1 hour. Which feature should be used?

A company needs to store JSON documents that are up to 10 KB in size. The documents are accessed by a primary key, and the company requires single-digit millisecond latency. Which database service should be used?

A company is migrating a large Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The source database has many complex stored procedures, views, and joins. Which THREE actions should the company take during the migration?

A company wants to store and analyze time-series sensor data from millions of IoT devices. The data is append-only and rarely updated. Queries aggregate data over time ranges. Which AWS database service is most cost-effective and performant for this workload?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player profiles. The table has partition key 'player_id' and sort key 'game_id'. During a new game launch, write traffic to a subset of players (influencers) spikes, causing throttling. The table uses on-demand capacity. Which solution resolves the hot key issue?

A company needs to store and query a graph of relationships between users for a recommendation engine. The queries involve traversing multiple edges. Which AWS database service is most suitable?

A company runs a MySQL-compatible database on Amazon RDS for a mission-critical application. The database experiences high write latency due to frequent index updates. The team wants to redesign the database to reduce write amplification and improve insert performance. Which TWO design changes could help?

Refer to the exhibit. The exhibit shows CloudWatch metrics from an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. The application is experiencing slow query performance. Which is the most likely cause?

A company is designing a relational database for an e-commerce application that requires high availability and automated failover across AWS Regions. Which AWS database service should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle OLTP workload to AWS. The database has complex stored procedures and requires minimal code changes. Which AWS database service is the most suitable target?

A company runs a critical PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS and needs to implement point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery window of the last 35 days. Currently, automated backups are set to retain for 35 days. The database size is 500 GB. What additional configuration is required?

A social media startup is selecting a database for user profiles with a flexible schema and high write throughput. The application is built on Node.js and requires low-latency access. Which database should they choose?

A company needs to run complex analytical queries on structured data in Amazon S3 without loading data into a database. The queries must execute quickly and support standard SQL. Which service should they use?

A company is designing a global application that requires a database with multi-master writes across multiple AWS Regions with sub-second conflict resolution. Which AWS database service should they choose?

A company has an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance that is running out of storage. The database is 2 TB in size and growing at 10 GB per day. They need a solution that allows automatic storage scaling with minimal downtime. What should they do?

Which TWO database services are suitable for storing time-series data with high ingestion rates? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE factors should be considered when choosing between Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon Aurora for a new application? (Select THREE.)

A financial services company runs a critical PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS. The database stores transaction records and requires point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery window of 35 days. The database size is 500 GB and grows at 10 GB per day. The team wants to minimize storage costs while meeting the recovery SLA. Which backup strategy should they use?

A startup is building a social media application that requires storing user profiles, posts, comments, and likes. The workload has variable traffic, with spikes after marketing campaigns. The team expects to run complex JOIN queries to generate a user's feed. Which AWS database service is MOST suitable for this relational workload?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for data warehousing. They run a query that joins a large fact table (10 billion rows) with a small dimension table (1 million rows). The query is slow. The distribution style of the fact table is AUTO, and the dimension table has DISTSTYLE ALL. The join key is user_id. What is the MOST likely reason for the poor performance?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB and has a daily change rate of 10%. They have a 1 Gbps network connection to AWS. They want to minimize downtime during the migration. Which migration approach should they use?

A company runs a time-series application on Amazon DynamoDB. The data has a pattern of frequent writes for recent data and rare reads for older data. They want to optimize storage costs and query performance for the time-series data. Which THREE strategies should they implement? (Choose THREE.)

A team is migrating an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database to AWS. The database is used for reporting and analytics, with complex queries that join multiple tables. The team wants to minimize application changes and ensure compatibility. Which AWS service should they use?

A startup is building a mobile application that needs to store user profiles and preferences. The data is schema-less and will grow rapidly. The application requires single-digit millisecond latency for reads and writes. Which AWS database should they choose?

A company is running a critical application on Amazon RDS for Oracle. They need to ensure high availability with automatic failover in case of a database failure. The database size is 500 GB. Which solution should they implement?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store IoT sensor data. Each sensor sends data every second, and the application needs to query the latest reading from each sensor. The sensor ID is the partition key, and the timestamp is the sort key. The table has millions of sensors. Which query pattern is most efficient to get the latest reading for a specific sensor?

Which TWO of the following are advantages of using Amazon DynamoDB over Amazon RDS for MySQL for a workload that requires high scalability and low maintenance? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE considerations are important when designing a database for a global, multi-Region application using Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables? (Select THREE.)

Which TWO strategies can improve query performance in Amazon Aurora MySQL for a read-heavy workload? (Select TWO.)

A startup is building a social media analytics platform that requires storing time-series data with frequent writes and queries for the last hour. Which AWS database service is BEST suited for this workload?

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ and read replicas. The database has a table storing user sessions with 50 million rows. The application team reports that queries using 'SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE user_id = ? ORDER BY login_time DESC LIMIT 10' are slow. The EXPLAIN plan shows a full table scan. Which design change would BEST improve query performance?

A gaming company wants to store player profiles and game state data with low-latency access for millions of concurrent users. The data is accessed via a REST API and requires high scalability with minimal operational overhead. Which database service is MOST suitable?

A company is running an Oracle database on Amazon RDS. The database has a large table that is frequently accessed by multiple applications. The DBA notices that the table has a high number of index scans but the queries are still slow. Upon investigation, the buffer cache hit ratio is low. Which design change would BEST improve performance?

Which TWO factors should be considered when designing a database for an IoT workload that ingests millions of sensor readings per second? (Choose 2.)

Which TWO design patterns are appropriate for improving write performance in Amazon DynamoDB? (Choose 2.)

A social media company uses Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to store user session data. The application experiences occasional spikes in traffic, causing cache misses and increased latency. The operations team notices that the cache hit ratio drops to 60% during spikes. Which action would most effectively improve the cache hit ratio?

A financial services company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. The workload consists of a mix of short-running queries from dashboards and long-running ETL jobs. The company notices that during peak hours, short queries experience high latency due to queueing behind ETL jobs. How can the company reduce the impact of ETL jobs on dashboard queries?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player profiles. Each profile is about 5 KB and is accessed frequently. The access pattern is mostly point reads by player ID. The company wants to reduce read costs while maintaining low latency. Currently, the table uses provisioned capacity with 3000 RCU. Which change would be MOST effective?

A company uses Amazon Aurora MySQL for its customer relationship management (CRM) system. The database has a table "contacts" with millions of rows. The application frequently searches for contacts by email address. The email column has a B-tree index. The DBA notices that queries are still slow, and the EXPLAIN plan shows index scans but not index-only scans. What is the most likely cause?

A company is designing a database for a real-time leaderboard in a mobile game. The leaderboard updates thousands of times per second and must return the top 100 scores with minimal latency. Which AWS database service is most suitable for this workload?

A company runs a MySQL-compatible database on Amazon RDS with a 3 TB dataset. They need to run complex analytical queries that involve joins and aggregations on millions of rows. The current RDS instance is a db.r5.8xlarge with 32 vCPUs and 256 GB RAM, but complex queries take over an hour. Which design change would most improve query performance for this workload?

A startup is building a social media application that needs to store user profiles, posts, comments, and likes. The data is highly interconnected, and the team wants to query relationships efficiently, such as 'find all friends of a user who liked a post'. Which database service is best suited for this workload?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store IoT sensor data. Each sensor writes a record every second, and the application needs to query the last 24 hours of data for a specific sensor. The query must be very fast. Which table design and query pattern will minimize cost and latency?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to AWS. The database is 5 TB and supports a critical OLTP application with high transaction rates. The application requires stored procedures, triggers, and strong consistency. Which AWS database service is most appropriate with minimal application changes?

A company needs to store session state for a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The session data is small (less than 1 KB per user) and must be highly available with low latency. Which AWS database service is best for this use case?

A company is moving a large-scale time-series application from Cassandra to a managed AWS service. The workload involves high-frequency writes (millions per second) and queries that aggregate data over time windows. Which THREE AWS services are suitable for this time-series workload?

A company is building a content management system that stores articles, images, and user comments. Articles are text-heavy and need full-text search. Images are binary files. Comments are relational with user IDs. Which TWO AWS services should be combined to best support this workload?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that receives millions of sensor readings per second. Each reading is a small JSON payload (timestamp, device_id, metric, value). The primary query pattern retrieves the most recent reading for a given device. Which AWS database service is BEST suited for this workload?

Refer to the exhibit. A DynamoDB table has a primary key of pk (partition key) and sk (sort key). An application needs to perform GetItem and Query operations but should only be allowed to retrieve the pk and sk attributes. The IAM policy above is applied to the application's IAM role. Why does the policy fail to achieve the goal?

A startup is building a mobile app backend using Amazon DynamoDB. They anticipate unpredictable traffic spikes. Which DynamoDB feature should they use to handle the spikes without manual intervention?

A company is running a PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS. They need to improve read performance for a reporting application that runs complex queries. The reporting application can tolerate slightly stale data. Which THREE actions should they take? (Choose three.)

A company is designing a new application that requires a relational database with strong consistency and support for transactions. The application will be accessed by users worldwide, and the database must provide low-latency reads in multiple regions. The company expects the workload to be unpredictable, with periods of very low activity followed by sudden spikes. They want to minimize operational overhead and only pay for the resources they use. Which AWS database solution should they choose?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests millions of small sensor readings per second. The data is append-only and queries are primarily time-based aggregations with low latency requirements (under 10 ms). Which AWS database service is most suitable for this workload?

A company is designing a database for an e-commerce platform that requires ACID transactions for order processing, complex joins for inventory reporting, and the ability to scale read replicas across multiple AWS regions. Which database service best meets these requirements?

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to AWS. They need a managed database service that is compatible with MongoDB and supports automated backups, scaling, and high availability. Which service should they use?

A company is migrating a large Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and validate data consistency after migration. Which THREE steps should they include in their migration plan? (Choose THREE.)

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store user session data for a web application. The table has a partition key of 'user_id' and no sort key. Each item is about 5 KB. The application performs frequent GetItem and UpdateItem operations. Recently, the application has been experiencing higher than expected latency and some throttling. The table's read and write capacity are set to on-demand mode. The CloudWatch metrics show that the ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits are well below the provisioned limits (if they were provisioned), but there are occasional ThrottledWriteEvents. The application team also notices that the throttling occurs for specific users. What is the most likely cause and solution?

Which TWO of the following are valid considerations when designing a database for an e-commerce application with high read traffic and low write latency requirements?

Which THREE factors should be considered when selecting a database for a time-series workload (e.g., IoT sensor data) that requires high write throughput and efficient data retention?

A startup is building a social media analytics platform. The workload is write-heavy, with millions of events per day containing user actions (likes, shares, comments). The data model is simple: each event is a JSON document with a timestamp, user ID, and action type. Queries are primarily aggregations over time (e.g., count of likes per hour) and require low-latency responses for dashboards. The team wants to minimize operational overhead and cost. Which database service is most appropriate?

A financial services company runs a critical application on Amazon RDS for MySQL that processes transactions. The database must maintain ACID compliance and support point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery point objective (RPO) of 5 seconds and recovery time objective (RTO) of 1 minute. The current setup uses a single db.r5.large instance with automated backups enabled (retention period 7 days) and Multi-AZ deployment. During a recent failover test, the failover took 2 minutes, exceeding the RTO. What should the database specialist recommend to meet the RTO requirement?

A retail company runs its inventory management system on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application performs frequent updates to inventory counts. The operations team notices that write latency increases significantly during peak sales hours. The database is a single db.r5.large instance with General Purpose SSD (gp2) storage. The CPU utilization is around 40% during peaks, but the write latency spikes. The team suspects a storage bottleneck. Which change would most effectively reduce write latency?

A media company is building a new application to store and analyze time-series data from IoT sensors. The data volume is expected to grow to several terabytes per day, and queries will primarily filter by sensor ID and a time range. The company wants a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse that supports SQL and integrates with existing BI tools. Which AWS service should the company use?

A healthcare analytics company runs a nightly ETL job that loads 2 TB of compressed CSV files into Amazon Redshift. The cluster is a 4-node ra3.4xlarge. The job currently uses a single COPY command and takes 8 hours, exceeding the maintenance window. The company wants to reduce the load time without changing the cluster size. Which approach should a database specialist recommend?

A media company stores millions of video metadata records in Amazon DynamoDB. Each record has a partition key of videoId and a sort key of uploadTimestamp. The team frequently queries for all videos uploaded by a specific creator within a date range. The creatorId is not part of the key schema. Queries currently scan the entire table and are slow and expensive. Which design change best improves query performance and reduces cost?

A healthcare company is designing a new patient-record system on AWS. The system must store semi-structured clinical notes with nested fields, support complex queries that join patient data with provider information, and provide strong consistency for read-after-write operations. The development team wants to minimize operational overhead for database administration. Which AWS database solution best meets these requirements?

A retail company runs an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database that supports an order management system. The database experiences unpredictable read spikes during flash sales. The team wants to offload read traffic and improve read scalability with minimal changes. Which solution should they implement?

A retail company runs an order-processing application on AWS. The application writes each order to an Amazon DynamoDB table and must retrieve orders by order ID with single-digit millisecond latency. The table currently uses order ID as the partition key and has no sort key. The company wants to add the ability to query all orders for a specific customer without scanning the entire table. Which design change should a database specialist recommend?

A healthcare company needs to store patient records in a database that must be highly durable and available across multiple Availability Zones. The database must support complex joins and transactions, and the company wants to use a managed service to reduce operational burden. The data is highly sensitive and must be encrypted at rest and in transit. Which AWS service should the company use?

A healthcare company is building a new patient appointment scheduling system on AWS. The system must provide ACID transactions, support complex joins across patient, provider, and appointment tables, and be highly available across two Availability Zones. The expected load is moderate, with about 500 transactions per second. The company wants a fully managed relational database with automatic failover. Which AWS database solution best meets these requirements?

A company is designing a new Amazon DynamoDB table to store user profiles for a global application. The table will have a partition key of UserID and a sort key of LastLogin. The application needs to efficiently query users by their email address and by their country. Which two design changes should be made to meet these access patterns? (Choose two.)

A media company stores millions of video metadata records in Amazon DynamoDB. Each record has a partition key of videoId and a sort key of uploadTimestamp. The company frequently queries for all videos uploaded by a specific uploader within the last 30 days. The uploaderId is currently stored as a non-key attribute. Queries are becoming slow and expensive because they require a full table scan. Which change should a database specialist make to optimize these queries?

A company is deploying a new Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database that must support a read-heavy web application. The database will be in a single Availability Zone to reduce cost, but the company requires automated backups and the ability to restore to any point in time within the retention period. Which RDS feature should be enabled?

A media company runs a video streaming platform. They need to store user watch history for the last 90 days. The data volume is very large (hundreds of terabytes) and queries are analytical, scanning large portions of data with complex aggregations. The company wants a cost-effective solution with minimal operational overhead. Which AWS database service is MOST appropriate?

A media company is building a real-time recommendation engine. The workload consists of millions of small, independent read and write operations per second, each accessing a single item by its unique identifier. Latency must remain under 10 milliseconds at the 99th percentile, and the data model is a simple key-value structure with no complex joins or transactions. The company wants a fully managed AWS database that scales horizontally without manual sharding. Which database design choice BEST meets these requirements?

A logistics company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics on shipment data. The cluster currently has a single ra3.4xlarge node. The company wants to improve query performance for complex joins and aggregations on large tables. The data is loaded daily and does not change during the day. Which design approach should a database specialist recommend to optimize query performance?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player state. The table has a partition key of PlayerID and no sort key. The game experiences sudden spikes in write traffic during special events, causing ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors. The team wants to avoid throttling while minimizing cost. Which action should a database specialist take?

A healthcare company needs to store patient records in a database that must support complex transactions with ACID compliance and enforce referential integrity. The database must also be highly available across multiple Availability Zones and support automatic failover. The company wants to minimize administrative overhead. Which AWS service should they use?

A healthcare company is building a new patient records system on AWS. The system must store structured data with complex relationships, support ACID transactions, and scale read traffic independently from write traffic as the patient base grows. The database must also provide a managed experience with automated backups and point-in-time recovery. Which AWS database solution should the company choose?

A financial services company is building a new application that requires a relational database with ACID compliance and the ability to scale reads across multiple Availability Zones. The application must also support automatic failover with minimal downtime. The company wants to minimize operational overhead and does not want to manage database software. Which AWS service should a database specialist recommend?

A media analytics company ingests clickstream events into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and needs to store the raw events for 14 months for reprocessing, then delete them automatically. The events are queried only by event ID for audit purposes. Which storage design meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A retail company is deploying a new application that requires a database with extremely low latency for read-heavy workloads. The data model consists of key-value pairs and the application must scale horizontally to handle millions of requests per second. The company wants a fully managed solution with predictable performance. Which AWS service is BEST suited for this requirement?

A media company stores user-uploaded video metadata in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table has a partition key of videoId (string) and no sort key. The company needs to efficiently query all videos uploaded by a specific user within a given date range, without scanning the entire table. The dataset is expected to grow to several terabytes with millions of users. Which design change should a database specialist implement to meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

An e-commerce company uses Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache product catalog pages. The catalog is updated nightly in a batch job, and the team wants the cache to reflect the new data immediately after the batch completes without waiting for TTL expiration. The team wants a simple, low-effort approach that avoids stale reads. Which approach should the team use?

A company is designing a new Amazon Aurora MySQL database for a high-traffic e-commerce application. The application requires low-latency reads and writes, and the database must scale horizontally for read traffic. The company wants to minimize operational overhead and ensure high availability. Which TWO design choices should the company make? (Choose two.)

A hospital wants to migrate a legacy patient-records application to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The application uses the Oracle package DBMS_LOB and several Oracle-specific PL/SQL constructs. The migration team must assess compatibility before committing. Which action provides the MOST accurate compatibility assessment with the LEAST effort?

A company is designing a database for an IoT application that ingests time-series data from millions of sensors. The data is used for real-time monitoring and historical analysis. The company needs a solution that can handle high write throughput, store data efficiently, and support time-based queries. Which TWO AWS services are MOST appropriate for this use case? (Choose two.)

A financial analytics firm stores trade data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. Analysts frequently run complex queries that join a large fact table with several dimension tables and aggregate billions of rows. The queries currently take hours because data is redistributed across nodes during joins. The fact table is 10 TB and grows by 1 TB per month. The most common join key is the customer_id column, which is used in nearly every query. Which design change will MOST improve query performance?

A gaming company stores player profiles in Amazon DynamoDB. The table uses a partition key of playerId and no sort key. The team must add a new access pattern that retrieves all players belonging to a given guild, and guilds can contain hundreds of thousands of players. The team wants to support this access pattern without scanning the table. Which design change should the team make?

A company is migrating a small on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database to AWS. The database is used for a departmental application with fewer than 50 concurrent users and does not require high availability across multiple Availability Zones. The company wants a fully managed service with minimal administrative effort and the ability to use existing SQL Server licenses. Which AWS service should the company choose?

A media analytics company ingests 50,000 JSON clickstream events per second into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. A consumer written in Python using the AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) reads the stream and must persist every raw event into a durable, queryable store with sub-second eventual visibility. The team wants the lowest operational overhead and does not need joins, transactions, or a fixed schema. Which AWS database service should the team choose?

A startup is building a new web application that requires a relational database. They want to minimize database management tasks and prefer a serverless option that automatically scales based on demand. The application has unpredictable traffic patterns. Which AWS service should they choose?

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon DynamoDB. The application needs to store items with a primary key composed of a partition key (user_id) and a sort key (timestamp). The company wants to query all items for a given user_id within a specific date range, and also retrieve individual items by both keys. The table will have a large number of users, and read latency must be consistently low. Which DynamoDB feature should be used to support the date-range queries efficiently?

A company is designing an Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster for an online transaction processing workload that requires low-latency reads and high availability across three Availability Zones. The team wants to maximize read throughput and minimize failover disruption. Which TWO design choices should the team make? (Choose two.)

A media analytics company ingests time-series sensor readings into Amazon Timestream. The data arrives with occasional delays of up to 48 hours due to intermittent network connectivity at remote sites. Queries must always return results that reflect the latest ingested data, including late-arriving records. Which Timestream configuration should the company use to ensure late-arriving data is correctly incorporated into query results?

A company is designing a new Amazon DynamoDB table to store order data for a high-traffic e-commerce application. The table will have a partition key of orderId and a sort key of orderDate. The application needs to efficiently query orders by customerId and by status (e.g., PENDING, SHIPPED) across all customers. The company wants to minimize read latency and avoid full table scans. Which TWO design actions should a database specialist take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A media company is building a recommendation engine that requires storing user interaction events with high write throughput and low-latency reads by user ID and timestamp. The data model is flexible, with new event types added frequently. The company expects millions of writes per second and needs to query recent events for a user. Which database design is most appropriate?

A genomics research team stores variant call data in Amazon Aurora MySQL. Queries frequently join a large variants table against a samples table and filter on genomic coordinates. The team observes that the optimizer sometimes chooses a full table scan on the variants table instead of using the available index. They want to diagnose why the optimizer makes this choice without modifying production data. Which approach should they use?

A retail company needs a managed graph database to model product recommendations, where relationships between customers, products, and purchases are queried with multi-hop traversals. The team has no existing graph expertise and wants a fully managed AWS service with openCypher and Gremlin support. Which AWS service should they choose?

A healthcare company runs an Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster that stores patient records. A new compliance rule requires that all data at rest and in transit be encrypted, and that the company control and rotate the encryption keys independently of AWS. The application connects over TLS. Which combination of actions should a database specialist take to meet these requirements with the least operational effort?

A healthcare provider is designing a new patient records system on AWS. Regulatory requirements mandate that the primary database be deployed in a single AWS Region with synchronous replication to a standby that can take over automatically within minutes, and that no data leave the Region. The team wants to minimize operational effort for failover. Which design should the team choose?

A startup runs a small internal reporting tool on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The workload is predictable, runs only during business hours, and the team wants to minimize cost while retaining the ability to scale storage automatically. Which configuration best fits these requirements?

A company is building a recommendation engine that needs to store and query highly connected data, such as user friendships, product views, and purchase relationships. The queries will involve traversing multiple levels of relationships to find patterns. The company wants a managed graph database service on AWS that supports open standards like Gremlin and SPARQL. Which service should the company use?

A logistics company runs an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster in cluster mode enabled to cache shipment tracking data. The application uses keys that include a customer ID and a shipment ID. The team notices uneven CPU utilization across shards, with some shards consistently hotter than others. They want to distribute the load more evenly without changing the application's key semantics. Which approach should they take?

A media company is deploying a new video-on-demand catalog service on AWS. The catalog consists of millions of JSON documents, each with a unique video ID and nested metadata. The service requires single-digit millisecond read latency and must support a query pattern that filters videos by genre and release year. The operations team prefers a fully managed database that automatically scales storage and requires minimal administration. Which AWS database solution best meets these requirements?

A retail company stores product catalog data in Amazon DynamoDB. The table has a partition key of productId and a sort key of locale. A new requirement lets shoppers filter by category and price range within a single locale, and the queries must return results in under 100 milliseconds without scanning the table. Which change should the team make?

A retail company runs an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database for its order management system. The database experiences predictable traffic spikes during flash sales, and the team wants reads to scale horizontally without changing the application's connection string. The application performs many read-only queries for product listings. What should a database specialist recommend?

A company is designing a new Amazon Neptune graph database to model relationships between users, products, and purchases for a recommendation engine. The workload requires high throughput for read queries and frequent updates to user behavior. The company needs to choose appropriate instance types and configurations. Which TWO actions should they take to optimize performance? (Choose two.)

A healthcare company runs an Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster that stores patient records. The compliance team requires that all data at rest be encrypted with a customer-managed AWS KMS key, and that the key be rotated annually. A database engineer notices that the cluster was created without encryption. What is the MOST operationally efficient way to meet the encryption requirement?

A data platform team is designing an Amazon Redshift cluster for a nightly batch ETL workload that loads billions of rows and runs complex joins across several large fact tables. The team wants to minimize query execution time and storage cost. Which two design choices should the team make? (Choose two.)

A financial analytics firm stores trade records in an Amazon Redshift cluster. Analysts run complex joins and aggregations over several years of data, and queries frequently scan large fact tables. The team wants to reduce query runtimes and storage cost without changing the SQL or the table structure. Which action should a database specialist take?

A startup is building a new application that requires a fully managed, serverless relational database with automatic scaling and high availability. The application has unpredictable traffic patterns and the team wants to minimize operational overhead. Which AWS service should they choose?

A retail company uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB instance for its order management system. During a recent failover test, the application experienced connection errors for several minutes because it cached the DNS name of the primary instance. The company wants to reduce failover disruption without changing the application code. Which approach should a database specialist recommend?

A media company stores video metadata in an Amazon DynamoDB table with a partition key of videoId (string) and a sort key of uploadTimestamp (number). The table has a provisioned read capacity of 1000 RCU and write capacity of 1000 WCU, and is used by an application that performs many queries per second for the most recent videos uploaded by a specific user. The application team reports that queries for a single user's recent videos are fast, but queries that retrieve the latest videos across all users are slow and consume a lot of capacity. Which design change should a database specialist recommend to improve the performance of the cross-user query?

A financial services company runs an Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster with one writer and two readers. The application performs read-heavy analytics queries on the reader instances. The company wants to ensure that the analytics queries do not impact the performance of the writer instance and that the readers can scale independently. The database specialist needs to configure the cluster to meet these requirements. Which action should the specialist take?

A healthcare analytics company ingests continuous patient vitals from thousands of bedside monitors. The data arrives as time-stamped measurements and must be queried by device ID and time range for real-time dashboards and long-term trend analysis. The team wants a fully managed AWS database that automatically partitions data by time and provides built-in retention policies. Which AWS database service should they choose?

A healthcare company stores patient records in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. The database must be encrypted at rest and in transit. The company also needs to ensure that encryption keys are rotated annually and that access to the keys is audited. Which combination of actions should a database specialist take to meet these requirements?

A healthcare analytics company needs to store time-series patient vital-sign readings. The data is written continuously at high volume and queried by time range for the last 30 days; data older than 30 days is rarely accessed but must be retained for 7 years for compliance. The company wants to minimize storage cost without changing the query interface. Which Amazon Timestream for LiveAnalytics configuration should a database specialist recommend?

A company is deploying a new web application that requires a relational database. The database will store user accounts, orders, and product inventory. The workload is expected to be moderate, with occasional spikes during sales events. The company wants a managed service that automatically handles backups, software patching, and replication across multiple Availability Zones. Which AWS service should they use?

A healthcare company is building a new patient records system on AWS. The system must store structured data with complex relationships, enforce referential integrity, and support ACID transactions across multiple tables. The company expects unpredictable read traffic with spikes during business hours and wants to minimize database administration. Which AWS database service should they use?

A gaming company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store player state. The table has a partition key of playerId and no sort key. The company wants to implement a leaderboard that shows the top 100 players by score. The scores are updated frequently, and the leaderboard must be updated in near real-time. Which design should a database specialist recommend to efficiently retrieve the top 100 players?

A media company runs an Amazon Neptune cluster for a social graph. The workload is read-heavy with occasional bursts of writes. The company needs to minimize read latency during peak hours and must ensure that reads are served by replicas to offload the primary. Which endpoint should the application use for read queries, and which feature must be enabled to ensure replicas are used?

A media company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store metadata for millions of video assets. The table has a partition key of 'AssetId' and a sort key of 'Version'. The application frequently queries for all versions of a specific asset, and also performs range queries on 'Version' for a given 'AssetId'. The table is currently provisioned with 1000 RCUs and 1000 WCUs, but the company wants to optimize costs by using on-demand capacity mode. However, they are concerned about the impact on query performance and cost predictability. Which statement is correct regarding switching to on-demand capacity mode?

A company is designing a new Amazon DynamoDB table to store order data for an e-commerce application. The table will have a partition key of orderId and a sort key of orderDate. The application needs to support efficient queries for orders by customer, orders by status, and orders within a date range for a specific customer. Which two additional design elements should a database specialist implement to meet these query requirements? (Choose two.)

A media company is designing a new analytics platform that will ingest millions of time-series metrics per minute from IoT sensors. The data will be queried primarily by timestamp ranges and by sensor ID, with high write throughput and automatic scaling of storage. The team wants a fully managed AWS database that is optimized for time-series workloads and supports built-in time-series functions. Which AWS service should they choose?

A retail company uses Amazon Aurora MySQL for its order processing system. The database must support high write throughput and automatic scaling of storage. The company wants to ensure that the cluster can tolerate the loss of an entire Availability Zone without data loss and with minimal downtime. Which configuration should a database specialist implement?

A healthcare analytics company ingests millions of time-stamped patient vitals per hour into Amazon Timestream. Queries must return the latest reading for each patient within 200 milliseconds and retain raw data for 30 days, after which only hourly aggregates are needed for 5 years. Which Timestream configuration should a database specialist choose to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A financial services firm runs an Amazon RDS for Oracle database with a primary instance and a read replica. The application performs heavy read operations during business hours and requires minimal latency. The team wants to ensure that read queries are distributed across the primary and the read replica to balance the load. Which approach should they use?

A financial services company is designing an Amazon DynamoDB table to store transaction records. The table must support efficient queries by customer ID and by transaction date, and the company wants to minimize the number of tables and avoid full table scans. The access patterns are: (1) retrieve all transactions for a given customer, sorted by date descending; (2) retrieve all transactions for a given date across all customers. Which TWO design choices should a database specialist make? (Choose two.)

A logistics company runs Amazon Aurora MySQL for a shipment-tracking service. Analysts run long-running, resource-intensive reporting queries against the same cluster that serves production traffic, causing latency spikes. The company wants to isolate reporting without changing the application's writer endpoint and wants the reporting replicas to share the same storage volume so replication lag is minimal. Which approach should a database specialist implement?

A company is deploying a new Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database that will store sensitive customer data. The security team requires that all data at rest be encrypted and that the company manage the encryption keys with the ability to audit key usage. The database must also support automatic key rotation. Which solution meets these requirements?

A media company runs an Amazon Neptune cluster to store relationships between users, content, and viewing history. The team needs to run complex graph traversals that follow edges in both directions and return all paths up to five hops. They want to use a query language that is natively supported by Neptune and optimized for property graph traversal. Which query language should they use?

A startup is building a mobile application that needs a fully managed, key-value database with single-digit millisecond latency and automatic scaling. The team wants to avoid managing servers and wants a simple pay-per-request pricing model. Which AWS database service should a database specialist recommend?

A media analytics company ingests roughly 40,000 JSON clickstream events per second into Amazon DynamoDB. Each event has a unique eventId, a sessionId, a userId, and a deviceType. Queries must retrieve all events for a given session ordered by event timestamp, and the table must scale horizontally without hot partitions. Which partition key design best satisfies these requirements?

A company runs a critical Amazon DynamoDB table with a partition key of 'orderId' and a sort key of 'orderDate'. The table is used for an order processing system that experiences sudden spikes in write traffic. The operations team notices that write requests are occasionally throttled, and they want to ensure the table can handle unpredictable spikes without manual intervention. Which change should a database specialist make?

A retail company is building a new product catalog service. The catalog contains millions of items, and each item has a fixed set of attributes such as SKU, price, and category. The access pattern is key-based lookups by SKU at very high throughput, and the team wants single-digit millisecond latency with minimal operational effort. Which database should the team choose?