LPIC-1 Linux Installation and Package Management — Timed 15 Questions

Question 1

A company maintains a private Debian repository for internal packages. A new package 'internal-tool' version 2.0 has been added to the repository, but when users run 'apt-get update && apt-get install internal-tool', the old version 1.0 is still being offered. What is the most likely cause?

15 minute time limit — choose an answer to begin.

Accepted Answer

The repository's Release file has not been regenerated after adding the new package. The most likely cause is that the repository's Release file has not been regenerated after adding the new package. APT relies on the Release file (and its associated InRelease or Release.gpg) to obtain the current package metadata, including version information. If the Release file is not updated to reflect the new package version 2.0, APT will still see the old metadata and offer version 1.0, even though the package file exists in the repository.

Answer

The package version number is not higher than the installed version

Answer

The local apt cache needs to be cleared with 'apt-get clean'

Answer

The 'apt-get update' command did not run successfully due to network issues

Question 2

Which TWO of the following commands can be used to list all installed packages on a Debian-based system?

Accepted Answer

apt list --installed. Option B, `apt list --installed`, is correct because the APT front-end's `list` subcommand with the `--installed` filter queries the local dpkg status database and prints every package currently installed on a Debian-based system. Option D, `dpkg -l`, is correct because the low-level dpkg tool's `-l` (list) action reads /var/lib/dpkg/status and outputs all known packages with their install state, showing installed ones with the `ii` flag. Option A, `apt-get check`, only verifies dependency consistency and does not enumerate packages. Option C, `apt-cache showpkg`, displays dependency and reverse-dependency information for a specified package name rather than listing all installed packages. Option E, `dpkg --get-selections`, prints the selection state of packages (e.g., install, deinstall) and is not the standard command for listing installed packages, so it is not among the two marked answers.

Answer

apt-get check

Answer

apt-cache showpkg

Answer

dpkg --get-selections

Question 3

Which THREE of the following are valid methods to install a package from a local .deb file?

Accepted Answer

gdebi package.deb. Option C (gdebi package.deb) is correct because gdebi is a Debian tool specifically designed to install local .deb files while automatically resolving and installing their dependencies from configured repositories. Option D (dpkg -i package.deb) is correct because dpkg is the low-level Debian package manager whose -i (install) flag directly installs a local .deb archive, though it does not resolve dependencies on its own. Option E (apt-get install ./package.deb) is correct because modern APT accepts a path to a local .deb file (the ./ prefix signals a file path rather than a repository package name) and installs it while resolving dependencies. Option A (alien -i package.deb) is not a valid method here because alien converts between package formats (e.g., .rpm to .deb) and is not the standard way to install a native .deb file. Option B (rpm -i package.deb) is incorrect because rpm is the Red Hat package manager and cannot install Debian .deb packages.

Answer

alien -i package.deb

Answer

rpm -i package.deb

Question 4

Based on the exhibit, what does the 'rc' status for the package 'apache2-bin' indicate?

Accepted Answer

The package has been removed but configuration files remain. In Debian-based package management (dpkg/APT), the 'rc' status code means the package was marked for removal ('r') but its configuration files were left behind ('c'). This occurs when using 'apt-get remove' or 'dpkg -r' without the --purge option, leaving residual config files in /etc or other locations.

Answer

The package is unpacked but not yet configured

Answer

The package has been completely purged

Answer

The package is installed and configured

Question 5

You are a Linux administrator for a company that uses a custom RPM-based distribution. The development team has built a new version of the internal tool 'monitor-app' (version 2.0) and placed the RPM package in a local YUM repository located at http://internal.repo/monitor-app-2.0.el7.x86_64.rpm. The repository metadata has been updated using 'createrepo'. On a test server running CentOS 7, you run 'yum update monitor-app' but the system reports 'No packages marked for update'. The currently installed version is 1.0. You verify that the repository is enabled and accessible via 'yum repolist'. What is the most likely cause and the correct course of action?

Accepted Answer

Run 'yum list available | grep monitor' to see if the package is listed with a different name, then install it with the exact name. The most likely cause is that the package name in the repository differs from the installed package name (e.g., 'monitor-app' vs. 'monitor-app-2.0'). Running 'yum list available | grep monitor' will reveal the exact package name in the repository, allowing you to install it with the correct name. This is a common scenario when package naming conventions change between versions or when the repository uses a different naming scheme than the installed package.

Answer

Download the RPM and install it locally with 'rpm -Uvh monitor-app-2.0.el7.x86_64.rpm'

Answer

Check the version number in the repository using 'yum info monitor-app' and compare with installed version

Answer

Run 'yum clean all' and then 'yum update monitor-app' again

Question 6

Refer to the exhibit. A system administrator checks the integrity of the passwd package on a CentOS 7 system using rpm -V. Based on the output, what is the most likely cause of the 'missing' line?

Accepted Answer

The file /etc/security/passwd was deleted from the filesystem.. The 'missing' line in the rpm -V output indicates that the file /etc/security/passwd is not present on the filesystem. Since rpm -V verifies file attributes and existence against the RPM database, a missing file means it was deleted after installation. Option D correctly identifies this as the most likely cause.

Answer

The package was updated to a newer version that no longer includes this file.

Answer

The file /etc/security/passwd was modified after installation.

Answer

The package was not installed completely.

Question 7

You are a system administrator for a small company running a web server on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. The web server application was installed using apt from the official repositories. Recently, a critical security patch was released for the web server package. You run 'apt update' and 'apt upgrade' but the package is not upgraded. You check the package status with 'apt-cache policy <package>' and see that the installed version is 2.4.41-4ubuntu3.6, and the candidate version is the same. The latest patched version in the repository is 2.4.41-4ubuntu3.7. You verify that the system has internet connectivity and that the repository URLs in /etc/apt/sources.list are correct. What is the most likely reason the upgrade is not being offered?

Accepted Answer

Run 'apt-mark unhold ' and then 'apt upgrade'.. The most likely reason is that the package has been placed on hold using 'apt-mark hold', which prevents it from being upgraded even when a newer version is available in the repository. Running 'apt-mark unhold ' removes this hold, allowing 'apt upgrade' to proceed normally.

Answer

Add the universe repository to sources.list and run 'apt update'.

Answer

Use 'apt dist-upgrade' instead of 'apt upgrade'.

Answer

Run 'apt install <package>' which will force the upgrade.

Question 8

Match each SELinux context component to its purpose.

Accepted Answer

user: Identifies the SELinux user identity. In SELinux, the context format is user:role:type:level. User identifies the SELinux user, role defines accessible roles, type defines domain/object type, and level defines sensitivity/categories. Common confusions include swapping user/role or role/type.

Answer

user: Defines the set of roles that can be accessed

Answer

role: Defines the domain for processes

Question 9

Which file defines the APT software repositories used by a Debian-based system?

Accepted Answer

/etc/apt/sources.list. `/etc/apt/sources.list` is the primary configuration file that defines the APT software repositories (e.g., Debian mirrors, Ubuntu archives) used by a Debian-based system. APT reads this file to fetch package indexes and install packages from the specified URIs, distributions, and components.

Answer

/etc/apt/preferences

Answer

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/

Answer

/etc/apt/apt.conf

Question 10

A system administrator installs a new RPM package, but it fails due to a missing library dependency. Which command can best identify the specific dependency that is missing?

Accepted Answer

rpm -qpR. The correct command is `rpm -qpR`. The `-q` flag queries the RPM database, `-p` specifies a package file (not an installed package), and `-R` lists all capabilities (including shared libraries) that the package requires. This directly shows the missing dependency by name, such as `libfoo.so.1`. The other options either list installed packages, query files within a package, or use a higher-level tool that may not pinpoint the exact missing library.

Answer

yum deplist

Answer

rpm -qlp

Answer

rpm -qa

Question 11

During system startup, GRUB 2 displays a prompt. Which command should be typed at the GRUB prompt to boot the currently selected entry normally?

Accepted Answer

boot. At the GRUB 2 prompt, the 'boot' command instructs GRUB to load the operating system using the currently configured kernel, initrd, and root device settings. This is the standard way to proceed with normal booting after any manual adjustments or when the menu is not displayed. Without 'boot', GRUB remains at the prompt and does not transfer control to the kernel.

Answer

normal

Answer

linux

Answer

initrd

Question 12

A Debian system has a broken package that was partially installed. Which command will attempt to fix dependencies and configure all unpacked but not configured packages?

Accepted Answer

dpkg --configure -a. The command `dpkg --configure -a` is the correct choice because it configures all unpacked but not yet configured packages, and also attempts to fix dependency issues by re-running the configuration scripts. This is the standard way to recover from a partially installed package on Debian systems, as it ensures all packages in the 'unpacked' or 'half-configured' state are fully processed.

Answer

dpkg -i --force-depends

Answer

apt-get autoremove

Answer

apt-get clean

Question 13

Refer to the exhibit. A new installation requires the root filesystem to be placed on LVM. Based on the current disk layout, which partition is most suitable for use as an LVM physical volume?

Accepted Answer

/dev/sda2. (/dev/sda2) is correct because it is the only partition with the Linux LVM system ID (8e) in the exhibit, which is required for a partition to be used as an LVM physical volume. The extended partition /dev/sda2 contains the logical drives, but the system ID 8e on /dev/sda2 itself indicates it is designated for LVM, making it suitable for pvcreate.

Answer

/dev/sda3

Answer

A new partition must be created.

Answer

/dev/sda1

Question 14

An administrator wants to prevent a specific package from being upgraded during routine system updates. Which command marks the package as held back?

Accepted Answer

apt-mark hold package. `apt-mark hold package` is the standard command in Debian-based systems to mark a package as held back, preventing it from being upgraded during `apt-get upgrade` or `apt upgrade`. This command modifies the package selection state in the dpkg database, ensuring the package version remains unchanged until explicitly unheld.

Answer

apt-get hold package

Answer

dpkg --hold package

Answer

echo 'package hold' | dpkg --set-selections

Question 15

A system administrator needs to remove a package called 'apache2' from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system while leaving its configuration files intact. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

rpm -e apache2. `rpm -e` (erase) removes the package but, by default, leaves configuration files (usually marked as %config in the RPM spec) intact on the filesystem. This behavior is specific to RPM: when erasing a package, RPM renames modified config files with a `.rpmsave` extension rather than deleting them, preserving administrator customizations.

Answer

yum erase apache2

Answer

yum remove apache2

Answer

rpm -F apache2