LPIC-1 GNU and Unix Commands Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Refer to the exhibit. The process with PID 1234 is in state 'Z'. What is the most likely cause and appropriate action?

Accepted Answer

The process is a zombie; the parent process must be killed or wait for it to be reaped.. In Linux process states, 'Z' indicates a zombie process, which is a child process that has terminated but whose exit status has not yet been read by its parent process via the wait() system call. The correct action is to either kill the parent process (so that the zombie is reaped by init) or ensure the parent calls wait() to reap the child. Option D correctly identifies this.

Answer

The process is stopped; use kill -CONT to continue.

Answer

The process is a daemon; it should be restarted.

Answer

The process is sleeping; wait for it to become ready.

Question 2

Refer to the exhibit. Which file system is full and what is the likely consequence if the administrator does not take action?

Accepted Answer

/dev/sdb1 is full; applications writing to /var may fail.. The exhibit shows that /dev/sdb1, mounted on /var, has 0% available space (100% used). The /var directory stores variable data such as logs, spool files, and temporary files. If /var fills up, critical services like syslog, cron, or package managers (e.g., apt, yum) cannot write to their log or spool files, causing applications that depend on /var to fail. This is why option D is correct.

Answer

Both are full; system will crash.

Answer

/dev/sda1 is full; system may become unstable.

Answer

Neither is full; available space is sufficient.

Question 3

Which TWO commands can be used to display the contents of a compressed file without decompressing it to disk? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

zcat file.gz. A is correct because `zcat` reads a gzip-compressed file and writes its decompressed content to standard output without saving the decompressed data to disk. This allows you to view the contents of `file.gz` directly in the terminal or pipe it to other commands.

Answer

gzip -d file.gz

Answer

tar -xzf file.tar.gz

Answer

uncompress file.Z

Question 4

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to run a shell script named 'script.sh' using the bash shell, assuming the script has execute permission? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

./script.sh. Option A is correct because './script.sh' explicitly invokes the script using the current shell's shebang interpreter (e.g., #!/bin/bash) and requires execute permission. Option E is correct because 'bash script.sh' runs the script as an argument to the bash interpreter, which reads and executes the file line by line, also requiring execute permission.

Answer

sh script.sh

Answer

script.sh (if in PATH)

Answer

source script.sh

Question 5

Which THREE of the following are correct features of the 'grep' command? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

-i makes the search case-insensitive. Option A is correct because the `-i` flag in `grep` performs case-insensitive matching, so patterns like 'error' will match 'Error', 'ERROR', etc. This is a common requirement when searching log files where case may vary.

Answer

-l prints line numbers of matches

Answer

-r enables regular expression matching

Question 6

A system administrator wants to list all files in a directory that have been modified in the last 24 hours. Which command would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

find . -mtime -1. Option D is correct because the `find` command with `-mtime -1` searches for files whose modification time is less than 1 day ago (i.e., within the last 24 hours). The minus sign before the number means 'less than' that many days, so `-mtime -1` matches files modified in the last 24 hours. This is the standard, precise way to list files by modification time in a directory tree.

Answer

ls -l --time=mod

Answer

find . -mmin 1440

Answer

ls -lt

Question 7

After receiving a compressed tarball archive.tar.gz from a colleague, you want to list its contents without extracting. Which command should you use?

Accepted Answer

tar -tvf archive.tar.gz. The `tar -tvf archive.tar.gz` command lists the contents of a compressed tarball without extracting it. The `-t` option tells tar to list the archive's table of contents, `-v` provides verbose output (showing file permissions, ownership, etc.), and `-f` specifies the archive file. Tar automatically detects and decompresses the gzip compression when reading the file, so no separate decompression step is needed.

Answer

tar -xzf archive.tar.gz

Answer

tar -cvf archive.tar.gz

Answer

gzip -d archive.tar.gz | tar -t

Question 8

A developer wants to change the ownership of all files in a directory tree to the user 'www-data' and group 'www-data', but only files that are currently owned by user 'nobody'. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

chown -R --from=nobody www-data:www-data /path. Option C is correct because the `chown -R --from=nobody www-data:www-data /path` command recursively changes ownership of files and directories only if they are currently owned by the user 'nobody'. The `--from` option specifies the current owner (and optionally group) to match before applying the change, and `-R` ensures recursion into subdirectories. This exactly meets the requirement to change ownership only for files owned by 'nobody'.

Answer

chown --from=nobody www-data:www-data /path

Answer

find /path -user nobody -exec chown www-data:www-data {} \;

Answer

chown -R www-data:www-data /path

Question 9

Which command is used to compress a file with the highest compression ratio?

Accepted Answer

xz -9. Option B is correct because `xz -9` uses the LZMA2 compression algorithm, which typically achieves a higher compression ratio than gzip (DEFLATE) or bzip2 (Burrows-Wheeler transform) at the cost of slower speed and higher memory usage. The `-9` flag sets the highest compression level, maximizing the ratio.

Answer

gzip -9

Answer

bzip2 -9

Answer

compress

Question 10

Which TWO commands can be used to display the contents of a compressed text file (e.g., .gz, .bz2) directly to standard output without decompressing to disk?

Accepted Answer

bzcat. Option C (bzcat) is correct because it reads bzip2-compressed files (.bz2) and decompresses them directly to standard output without creating a decompressed file on disk. Option E (zcat) is correct because it does the same for gzip-compressed files (.gz), acting as a front-end to gzip -dc.

Answer

gzcat

Answer

zless

Answer

lzcat

Question 11

Which THREE of the following are valid symbolic mode expressions for the chmod command?

Accepted Answer

u+x. Option A is correct because 'u+x' is a valid symbolic mode expression for chmod, where 'u' stands for the user (owner), '+' adds a permission, and 'x' is the execute permission. This syntax follows the POSIX standard for symbolic modes, allowing precise modification of file permissions without specifying an absolute octal value.

Answer

755

Answer

c+r

Question 12

Refer to the exhibit. When will the backup script run?

Accepted Answer

Monthly at 4:30 AM on the 1st. The cron entry `30 4 1 * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh` specifies that the script runs when the minute is 30, hour is 4, and day-of-month is 1, with the month and day-of-week fields set to `*` (meaning every month and every day of the week). This results in execution at 4:30 AM on the 1st day of every month, making option B correct.

Answer

Daily at 4:30 AM

Answer

Yearly at 4:30 AM

Answer

Weekly at 4:30 AM

Question 13

A company runs a legacy application on a Linux server. The application fails to start after a reboot, claiming a 'cannot open shared object file' error. The system administrator checks the library path and finds that the required library is present in /usr/local/lib but the application cannot find it. The administrator has verified that the library file exists and is readable. Which of the following is the most likely cause and solution?

Accepted Answer

The library path is not in /etc/ld.so.conf; run ldconfig after adding it.. The dynamic linker/loader (ld.so) uses the cache file /etc/ld.so.cache to resolve shared library dependencies at runtime. Although the library exists in /usr/local/lib, that path is not listed in /etc/ld.so.conf (or a file included by it), so the linker never scans it. Running ldconfig rebuilds the cache and makes the library discoverable, which resolves the 'cannot open shared object file' error.

Answer

The library has insufficient execute permissions; add execute bit.

Answer

The application is setuid root and the library path is ignored; use $LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

Answer

The library is compiled for a different architecture; recompile the library.

Question 14

A system administrator notices that the system's syslog messages are not being written to /var/log/messages. The rsyslog service is running. The administrator wants to check the configuration syntax of rsyslog. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

rsyslogd -N. The correct command is `rsyslogd -N` because the `-N` option performs a configuration syntax check without starting or restarting the rsyslog daemon. This allows the administrator to validate the rsyslog configuration file for errors before applying changes, ensuring that syslog messages will be written correctly to /var/log/messages.

Answer

rsyslogd -d

Answer

rsyslogd -f

Answer

rsyslogd -v

Question 15

A user reports that when they run 'ls -l' in their home directory, they see files but all files have permissions like '-rwxrwxrwx', which is unexpected. The system administrator checks and finds that the user's umask is set to 000. The user wants all new files to be created with default permissions of -rw-r--r-- (644) and directories that are drwxr-xr-x (755). What should the user set their umask to?

Accepted Answer

022. The umask is a three-digit octal value that is subtracted from the default base permissions (666 for files, 777 for directories) to determine the default permissions for newly created files and directories. To achieve file permissions of 644 (rw-r--r--) and directory permissions of 755 (rwxr-xr-x), the umask must be 022. This is because 666 - 022 = 644 for files, and 777 - 022 = 755 for directories.

Answer

007

Answer

002

Answer

027

LPIC-1 GNU and Unix Commands Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Exhibit

LPIC-1 GNU and Unix Commands Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Exhibit