Question 1mediummultiple choice
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A database administrator is troubleshooting an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance that is experiencing high CPU utilization. The administrator runs the following query to find the current running queries:
SELECT pid, now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start AS duration, query, state FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state = 'active';
The output shows a high number of queries with a state of 'active' and durations exceeding several minutes. What should the administrator do FIRST to reduce CPU utilization?
Refer to the exhibit.
Policy:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "RestoreFromSnapshot",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot",
"rds:DescribeDBSnapshots",
"ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups",
"ec2:DescribeSubnets"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit. A database specialist receives the following Amazon CloudWatch Logs excerpt from an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance: 2024-11-15 10:23:45 UTC [ERROR] [MY-013118] [InnoDB] Page [page id: space=5, page number=1234] log sequence number 567890 is in the future! Current system log sequence number 567800. 2024-11-15 10:23:46 UTC [ERROR] [MY-011825] [InnoDB] Unable to purge a record because it is in a non-tablespace page. 2024-11-15 10:24:01 UTC [ERROR] [MY-013114] [InnoDB] Database page corruption on disk or a failed file read of page [page id: space=5, page number=1235]. You may have to recover from a backup.
Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.
Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.
Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.
Synchronous standby replica for high availability
Asynchronous read-only copy for scaling reads
Automatic adjustment of Aurora replica count
In-memory cache for DynamoDB with microsecond latency
Connection pooling for RDS to handle Lambda bursts
Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.
Collects metrics and logs, sets alarms
Visualizes database performance and identifies bottlenecks
Provides OS-level metrics for RDS instances
Records API calls for auditing and governance
SNS-based alerts for database events like failovers
Refer to the exhibit. CloudWatch Logs snippet: ``` 2023-01-15T10:30:00.000Z [ERROR] [Client] User: myuser@mycompany.com failed to authenticate to database mydb 2023-01-15T10:30:05.000Z [ERROR] [Client] User: myuser@mycompany.com failed to authenticate to database mydb 2023-01-15T10:30:10.000Z [ERROR] [Client] User: myuser@mycompany.com failed to authenticate to database mydb ```
Refer to the exhibit.
```
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:ModifyDBInstance"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "rds:ModifyDBInstance",
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:prod-db"
}
]
}
```Refer to the exhibit.
IAM Policy JSON:
```
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"dynamodb:GetItem",
"dynamodb:PutItem",
"dynamodb:UpdateItem",
"dynamodb:DeleteItem"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:123456789012:table/Orders"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "dynamodb:DeleteItem",
"Resource": "arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:123456789012:table/Orders"
}
]
}
```Refer to the exhibit. CloudWatch Logs Error: ``` 2025-03-15T10:30:00.000Z [ERROR] 2006: MySQL server has gone away ```
Refer to the exhibit.
```json
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:DescribeDBClusters",
"rds:ListTagsForResource"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:CreateDBSnapshot",
"rds:DeleteDBSnapshot"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:snapshot:mydb-*"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "rds:DeleteDBInstance",
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}
```{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:CreateDBSnapshot"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"dynamodb:PutItem",
"dynamodb:DeleteItem"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:123456789012:table/MyTable"
}
]
}Resource: "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:mydb"
Action: "rds:CreateDBSnapshot"
Effect: Allow
Condition: {
"StringEquals": {
"aws:RequestedRegion": "us-east-1"
}
}{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:ModifyDBInstance"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit. Exhibit: CloudWatch Logs snippet ``` 2023-01-15T12:00:00Z [ERROR] [Client] Authentication failed for user 'app_user' from host '10.0.1.50' using password 2023-01-15T12:00:01Z [ERROR] [Client] Authentication failed for user 'app_user' from host '10.0.1.50' using password 2023-01-15T12:00:02Z [ERROR] [Client] Authentication failed for user 'app_user' from host '10.0.1.50' using password ```
Refer to the exhibit.
Exhibit: IAM policy snippet
```json
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:CreateDBInstance",
"rds:DeleteDBInstance",
"rds:ModifyDBInstance"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:prod-*"
}
]
}
```Refer to the exhibit.
Exhibit: AWS CLI output
```json
{
"DBClusters": [
{
"DBClusterIdentifier": "mydbcluster",
"Engine": "aurora-mysql",
"Status": "available",
"EarliestRestorableTime": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
"LatestRestorableTime": "2023-12-05T12:00:00Z",
"BackupRetentionPeriod": 7,
"DBClusterMembers": [
{
"DBInstanceIdentifier": "mydbcluster-instance-1",
"IsClusterWriter": true,
"DBInstanceStatus": "available"
},
{
"DBInstanceIdentifier": "mydbcluster-instance-2",
"IsClusterWriter": false,
"DBInstanceStatus": "available"
}
]
}
]
}
```Refer to the exhibit. Exhibit: Amazon RDS for MySQL error log snippet ``` 2023-06-01 10:00:00 1234567890 [Warning] Aborted connection 1234567890 to db: 'mydb' user: 'appuser' host: '10.0.0.50' (Got an error reading communication packets) ```
Refer to the exhibit.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:CreateDBSnapshot",
"rds:DeleteDBSnapshot",
"rds:RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "rds:DeleteDBInstance",
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:production-*"
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit. -- The following error log was retrieved from Amazon RDS for Oracle: ORA-00257: archiver error. Connect internal only, until freed. -- The DBA checks archive log usage: SELECT * FROM V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;
Refer to the exhibit.
-- IAM Policy attached to a role used by an EC2 instance:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "s3:GetObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-prod/*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "s3:PutObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-prod/*"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "s3:*",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"aws:SourceIp": "10.0.0.0/8"
}
}
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit.
-- AWS CLI command output for describe-db-instances:
{
"DBInstances": [
{
"DBInstanceIdentifier": "prod-db",
"Engine": "mysql",
"DBInstanceStatus": "available",
"StorageEncrypted": false,
"BackupRetentionPeriod": 7,
"PreferredBackupWindow": "05:00-06:00",
"LatestRestorableTime": "2023-03-15T04:30:00Z"
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit.
-- CloudFormation template snippet:
Resources:
MyDBInstance:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
Properties:
DBInstanceClass: db.r5.large
Engine: MySQL
MultiAZ: true
DBName: mydb
MasterUsername: admin
MasterUserPassword: mypassword
DBSubnetGroupName: !Ref MyDBSubnetGroup
VPCSecurityGroups:
- !Ref MySecurityGroup
StorageType: gp2
AllocatedStorage: 100Refer to the exhibit. -- RDS for PostgreSQL log excerpt: 2023-04-01 10:15:00 UTC LOG: checkpoint starting: time 2023-04-01 10:15:00 UTC LOG: checkpoint complete: wrote 50000 buffers (5.0%); 0 transaction log file(s) added, 0 removed; 10.2 seconds 2023-04-01 10:15:10 UTC LOG: checkpoint starting: time 2023-04-01 10:15:10 UTC LOG: checkpoint complete: wrote 52000 buffers (5.2%); 0 transaction log file(s) added, 0 removed; 10.5 seconds
Refer to the exhibit.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:CreateDBSnapshot",
"rds:DeleteDBSnapshot",
"rds:DescribeDBSnapshots",
"rds:ModifyDBSnapshotAttribute",
"rds:CopyDBSnapshot"
],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}Refer to the exhibit.
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "rds:RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot",
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:snapshot:*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "rds:CreateDBInstance",
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:*"
}
]
}Given the following CloudWatch Logs Insights query for an Amazon Aurora MySQL database: fields @timestamp, @message | filter @message like /(?i)(error|fatal|exception)/ | sort @timestamp desc | limit 20
Given the following IAM policy:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:CreateDBSnapshot",
"rds:DescribeDBSnapshots"
],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "rds:DeleteDBSnapshot",
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:snapshot:prod-*"
}
]
}