Quick Answer
The answer is assignments and access controls, as these are the two required components to create a Conditional Access policy. Technically, a Conditional Access policy operates like an if-then statement: the assignments component defines the who (users and groups), what (cloud apps), and where (conditions like location or device state), while the access controls component dictates the enforcement action, such as granting access with specific requirements (like MFA) or blocking access entirely, along with session controls for limitations within apps. On the MS-102 exam, this distinction tests your ability to separate the policy’s trigger from its outcome, and a common trap is confusing prerequisites like MFA registration or Azure AD roles as policy components. A helpful memory tip is to think of “assignments” as the conditions that trigger the policy and “access controls” as the resulting action—two halves of a single rule.
This MS-102 practice question tests your understanding of implement and manage microsoft entra identity and access. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Your company uses Microsoft Entra ID for identity management. You are planning to implement Conditional Access policies. Which TWO components are required to create a Conditional Access policy?
MFA registration status
Why wrong: MFA registration is a prerequisite, not a policy component.
Identity Protection risk policies
Why wrong: Not a component of a Conditional Access policy.
Azure AD roles
Why wrong: Roles are for administration, not policy components.
Assignments (users, groups, cloud apps, conditions)
Defines who and what the policy applies to.
Access controls (grant or block, session controls)
Defines the enforcement action.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Assignments (users, groups, cloud apps, conditions)
A Conditional Access policy requires assignments (users/groups, cloud apps, conditions) and access controls (grant or block, session controls). Option B (assignments) and Option C (access controls) are the two main components. Option A (identity protection) is a separate service, not a required component. Option D (Azure AD roles) are not part of policy creation. Option E (MFA registration) is a prerequisite but not a component of the policy.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
MFA registration status
Why it's wrong here
MFA registration is a prerequisite, not a policy component.
Identity Protection risk policies
Why it's wrong here
Not a component of a Conditional Access policy.
Azure AD roles
Why it's wrong here
Roles are for administration, not policy components.
Assignments (users, groups, cloud apps, conditions)
Why this is correct
Defines who and what the policy applies to.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Access controls (grant or block, session controls)
Why this is correct
Defines the enforcement action.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.
Detailed technical explanation
This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Identify which MS-102 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
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FAQ
Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — This question tests Implement and manage Microsoft Entra identity and access — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: Assignments (users, groups, cloud apps, conditions) — A Conditional Access policy requires assignments (users/groups, cloud apps, conditions) and access controls (grant or block, session controls). Option B (assignments) and Option C (access controls) are the two main components. Option A (identity protection) is a separate service, not a required component. Option D (Azure AD roles) are not part of policy creation. Option E (MFA registration) is a prerequisite but not a component of the policy.
Identify which MS-102 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 21, 2026
This MS-102 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Microsoft certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the MS-102 exam.
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