- A
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium'
Correct. This configuration targets all users except emergency accounts and only applies when sign-in risk is medium or higher.
- B
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'User risk' condition to 'High and Medium'
Why wrong: Incorrect. User risk is based on user account compromise, while sign-in risk is for specific authentication attempts. The requirement specifies sign-in risk.
- C
Assign policy to 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Device state' condition to 'All device states'
Why wrong: Incorrect. The policy would only apply to the emergency access group, which is the opposite of the requirement.
- D
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Locations' condition to 'All trusted locations'
Why wrong: Incorrect. The requirement is based on risk, not location.
Quick Answer
The correct configuration is to assign the policy to 'All users', exclude the 'Emergency Access' group, and set the 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium'. This works because the sign-in risk condition evaluates real-time risk during each authentication attempt, so setting it to High and Medium ensures MFA is enforced only when the risk level is medium or higher, exactly matching the requirement. On the MS-102 exam, this scenario tests your ability to distinguish between sign-in risk and user risk—a common trap where candidates mistakenly apply user risk, which tracks historical compromise likelihood rather than real-time threat. The break-glass exclusion is critical to prevent lockout of emergency access accounts during a risk-based policy. Memory tip: think of sign-in risk as the "now" risk during login, while user risk is the "history" of the account.
MS-102 Practice Question: Implement and manage identity and access in Microsoft Entra ID
This MS-102 practice question tests your understanding of implement and manage identity and access in microsoft entra id. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses Microsoft Entra ID P2 licenses. They want to create a Conditional Access policy that requires MFA for all users, but the policy should only be enforced when the sign-in risk is medium or higher. Additionally, they need to exclude a group named 'Emergency Access' from this policy. Which configuration is correct?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium'
Option A is correct because it assigns the Conditional Access policy to 'All users' (ensuring universal coverage), excludes the 'Emergency Access' group (to prevent lockout of break-glass accounts), and sets the 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium' — which matches the requirement to enforce MFA only when sign-in risk is medium or higher. Sign-in risk is the correct condition for real-time risk during authentication, while user risk tracks historical compromise likelihood.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium'
Why this is correct
Correct. This configuration targets all users except emergency accounts and only applies when sign-in risk is medium or higher.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'User risk' condition to 'High and Medium'
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. User risk is based on user account compromise, while sign-in risk is for specific authentication attempts. The requirement specifies sign-in risk.
- ✗
Assign policy to 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Device state' condition to 'All device states'
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. The policy would only apply to the emergency access group, which is the opposite of the requirement.
- ✗
Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Locations' condition to 'All trusted locations'
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. The requirement is based on risk, not location.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is confusing 'Sign-in risk' with 'User risk' — candidates often pick Option B because both terms sound similar, but only sign-in risk applies to the current authentication session and matches the requirement for risk-based MFA enforcement during sign-in.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Sign-in risk is calculated by Microsoft Entra ID Protection using real-time signals such as anonymous IP addresses, atypical travel, and malware-linked IPs, and is evaluated during each authentication attempt. Conditional Access policies evaluate sign-in risk before granting access, allowing granular MFA enforcement without disrupting low-risk sign-ins; this is distinct from user risk, which aggregates historical events like leaked credentials and is better suited for remediation actions like password reset.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this MS-102 question test?
Implement and manage identity and access in Microsoft Entra ID — This question tests Implement and manage identity and access in Microsoft Entra ID — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Assign policy to 'All users', exclude 'Emergency Access' group, set 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium' — Option A is correct because it assigns the Conditional Access policy to 'All users' (ensuring universal coverage), excludes the 'Emergency Access' group (to prevent lockout of break-glass accounts), and sets the 'Sign-in risk' condition to 'High and Medium' — which matches the requirement to enforce MFA only when sign-in risk is medium or higher. Sign-in risk is the correct condition for real-time risk during authentication, while user risk tracks historical compromise likelihood.
What should I do if I get this MS-102 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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