KCNA Container Orchestration Practice Question
Which TWO of the following are characteristics of immutable infrastructure? (Select two.)
⚠ Common exam trap
Immutable infrastructure is not defined by whether containers are used, but by the principle that infrastructure is never modified after deployment. This is a key concept in cloud-native and Kubernetes environments.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Servers are never modified after they are deployed
Immutable infrastructure means that once a server or container is deployed, it is never modified in place. If a change is needed, a new image is built and deployed, and the old instance is destroyed. This ensures consistency and eliminates configuration drift, which is a core principle of immutable deployments in Kubernetes and cloud-native environments.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Servers are never modified after they are deployed
Why this is correct
Immutable infrastructure treats servers as disposable; any change requires redeployment.
- ✗
Containers are used exclusively
Why it's wrong here
Immutable infrastructure can be implemented with VMs as well; containers are not a requirement.
- ✗
Infrastructure is version-controlled and tested
Why it's wrong here
While good practice, version control is not unique to immutable infrastructure.
- ✓
New versions are deployed by replacing the entire server with a new image
Why this is correct
Immutable deployments use blue-green or rolling updates with new images.
- ✗
Configuration updates are applied directly to running servers
Why it's wrong here
This describes mutable infrastructure where changes are made in-place.
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