Supply Chain Security

Which tool can be used to generate an SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) for a container image?

Which of the following is a static analysis tool for Kubernetes manifests that can be used to find misconfigurations?

You are implementing supply chain security for container images. Which tool would you use to scan a local directory of Dockerfiles and Kubernetes manifests for known vulnerabilities?

A development team uses a custom container image for their application, built from a base image that includes multiple CVEs. The security team requires that no container runs with known critical vulnerabilities. Which approach best ensures that only images with no critical vulnerabilities are deployed in production?

An administrator runs 'kubectl describe pod secure-pod' and sees that the pod is in a Pending state with the event 'Error: ImagePullBackOff' and the message 'unauthorized: authentication required'. The image is stored in a private registry. What is the most likely cause?

A security admin runs 'trivy image --severity CRITICAL,HIGH myrepo/myapp:latest' and sees many CVEs. The admin wants to ensure that only images with no CRITICAL or HIGH severity vulnerabilities are deployed to the cluster. Which admission controller should be configured to enforce this policy?

A DevOps team uses a CI/CD pipeline to build container images and push them to a private registry. To minimize the risk of supply chain attacks, which of the following is the most effective security control to implement?

Which of the following is a best practice for securing container images?

Which of the following is a best practice when writing a Dockerfile for a containerized application?

You are a security engineer at a fintech startup. The company runs a Kubernetes cluster in production with hundreds of microservices. Recently, a container image from a public registry was compromised, and the attacker injected a backdoor that exfiltrated customer data. The CISO mandates that all images must come from an internal registry that only stores approved, scanned, and signed images. Currently, developers build images locally and push them to Docker Hub, then reference those images in Kubernetes manifests. You have deployed Harbor as a private registry with vulnerability scanning and Cosign for signing. However, you notice that some pods are still running images directly from Docker Hub. You need to enforce that only images from your internal Harbor registry can be used in the cluster. You cannot change the Kubernetes manifests immediately because of a large backlog. You have access to the cluster's kubelet configuration and can modify cluster-level components. Which single action will most effectively block any pod that tries to use an image not hosted on your internal registry?

A DevOps engineer wants to enforce that all container images running in the cluster are signed using Cosign. Which Kubernetes admission controller is designed for this purpose?

Which static analysis tool is specifically designed to evaluate Kubernetes manifests against security best practices?

You are asked to generate an SBOM for a container image and attach it as an attestation using cosign. Which two commands would you run in sequence?

A pod is running in a namespace that has a Kyverno policy requiring all images to come from a trusted registry. The pod is using an image from an untrusted registry. What will happen when the pod is created?

You are configuring ImagePolicyWebhook admission controller to reject images not signed by a trusted authority. After deploying the webhook, you notice that pods are being rejected even for images that are properly signed. Which configuration change is MOST likely to fix this?

A Kyverno policy is written to require all images to use SHA256 digests instead of tags. The policy uses a 'validate' rule with 'pattern' on 'spec.containers[*].image'. Which pattern would match an image reference like 'registry.example.com/myapp@sha256:abc123...'?

In a CI/CD pipeline, which step is MOST effective for detecting known vulnerabilities in a container image before deployment?

You are tasked with ensuring that all container images in your cluster are scanned for vulnerabilities before being deployed. You have set up Trivy in your CI/CD pipeline and want to enforce that only images with no critical vulnerabilities are allowed. Which admission controller should you configure to reject pods using non-compliant images?

A cluster has both ImagePolicyWebhook and a mutating webhook that adds a sidecar. The admin notices that even when ImagePolicyWebhook rejects an image, the mutating webhook has already added the sidecar. What admission ordering issue is occurring?

Which of the following is a best practice for securing container images?

Which TWO of the following tools can generate an SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) for a container image?