This CKS practice question tests your understanding of supply chain security. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which TWO of the following are valid methods to verify the integrity of a container image in a Kubernetes supply chain? (Select 2)
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Signing the image with Cosign and verifying the signature before deployment
Image signing with Cosign and using SHA digests are both methods to verify image integrity. Scanning for CVEs does not verify integrity but finds vulnerabilities. Namespace isolation is not related to image verification.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✓
Signing the image with Cosign and verifying the signature before deployment
Why this is correct
Image signing ensures the image has not been tampered with and originated from a trusted source.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Running the container in a separate namespace
Why it's wrong here
Namespaces provide isolation but do not verify image integrity.
✓
Using a SHA256 digest instead of a tag in the image reference
Why this is correct
A digest uniquely identifies the image content, preventing tag mutability attacks.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Scanning the image for vulnerabilities using Trivy
Why it's wrong here
Vulnerability scanning finds known security issues but does not verify integrity or authenticity.
✗
Using a base image with the latest tag
Why it's wrong here
Using 'latest' is not a verification method; it can actually lead to integrity issues.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this CKS question in full detail.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CKS NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Supply Chain Security — This question tests Supply Chain Security — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Signing the image with Cosign and verifying the signature before deployment — Image signing with Cosign and using SHA digests are both methods to verify image integrity. Scanning for CVEs does not verify integrity but finds vulnerabilities. Namespace isolation is not related to image verification.
What should I do if I get this CKS question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CKS NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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