LPIC-1 Practice Test 26 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A junior admin is tasked with configuring network bonding on a Debian server with two Ethernet interfaces, eth0 and eth1. The goal is to provide link redundancy using active-backup mode. The admin edits /etc/network/interfaces and adds configuration for bond0 with slaves eth0 eth1, then runs 'ifup bond0'. However, the bond interface fails to come up and the error message indicates that the 'bond' kernel module is not loaded. The admin checks with 'lsmod | grep bonding' and finds no output. Which additional step is required to successfully bring up the bond interface? Options: A) Run 'modprobe bonding' before ifup, B) Use ifenslave directly after ifup, C) Reboot the system to load the module, D) Add 'auto bond0' in /etc/network/interfaces.

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Run 'modprobe bonding' before ifup. The 'bond' kernel module must be loaded before the bonding interface can be created. Running 'modprobe bonding' loads the module into the kernel, making the bonding functionality available. Without this step, 'ifup bond0' fails because the kernel does not recognize the bonding driver.

Answer

Use ifenslave directly after ifup

Answer

Reboot the system to load the module

Answer

Add 'auto bond0' in /etc/network/interfaces

Question 2

Based on the exhibit, what does the 'rc' status for the package 'apache2-bin' indicate?

Accepted Answer

The package has been removed but configuration files remain. In Debian-based package management (dpkg/APT), the 'rc' status code means the package was marked for removal ('r') but its configuration files were left behind ('c'). This occurs when using 'apt-get remove' or 'dpkg -r' without the --purge option, leaving residual config files in /etc or other locations.

Answer

The package is unpacked but not yet configured

Answer

The package has been completely purged

Answer

The package is installed and configured

Question 3

Refer to the exhibit. Which file system is full and what is the likely consequence if the administrator does not take action?

Accepted Answer

/dev/sdb1 is full; applications writing to /var may fail.. The exhibit shows that /dev/sdb1, mounted on /var, has 0% available space (100% used). The /var directory stores variable data such as logs, spool files, and temporary files. If /var fills up, critical services like syslog, cron, or package managers (e.g., apt, yum) cannot write to their log or spool files, causing applications that depend on /var to fail. This is why option D is correct.

Answer

Both are full; system will crash.

Answer

/dev/sda1 is full; system may become unstable.

Answer

Neither is full; available space is sufficient.

Question 4

A log file access.log contains multiple entries per IP address. An administrator wants to display a list of unique IP addresses sorted by frequency (most frequent first). Which command pipeline achieves this?

Accepted Answer

awk '{print $1}' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn. It extracts the first field (IP address) with awk, sorts them to group identical IPs, counts occurrences with uniq -c, and then sorts numerically in reverse order with sort -rn to display the most frequent IPs first. The -c flag prepends a count to each unique line, and sort -rn sorts by that count descending.

Answer

awk '{print $1}' access.log | sort | uniq | sort -rn

Answer

awk '{print $1}' access.log | sort -rn | uniq -c

Answer

awk '{print $1}' access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -k2

Question 5

A user complains that a filesystem is reporting 'Disk quota exceeded' even though the user has not stored any new files recently. What could be the cause?

Accepted Answer

The user has exceeded the inode quota. Linux filesystems enforce two types of quotas: block quotas (for disk space) and inode quotas (for the number of files and directories). If the user has not stored new files recently but still receives a 'Disk quota exceeded' error, it is likely that they have exceeded their inode quota, meaning they have created too many files or directories (each consuming an inode), even if those files are small or empty. The error message is generic and can refer to either quota type, so the inode limit is the probable cause when no recent data writes have occurred.

Answer

Symlinks are counted against the quota

Answer

Hard links are consuming additional inodes

Answer

File ownership is misconfigured

Question 6

An administrator ran 'dnf update' and a critical application broke. The administrator wants to undo the last transaction and return to previous state. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

dnf history undo last. The correct command is 'dnf history undo last' because DNF maintains a transaction history that can be reverted. The 'undo' subcommand reverses the specified transaction (in this case, the last one) by applying the inverse operations, restoring packages to their previous state. This is the standard way to roll back a DNF transaction without affecting unrelated changes.

Answer

dnf undo last

Answer

dnf rollback

Answer

yum rollback

Question 7

A system takes a long time to boot due to a service that fails to start. Which systemd command can be used to identify the service causing the delay?

Accepted Answer

systemd-analyze blame. The `systemd-analyze blame` command prints a list of all running units, sorted by the time they took to initialize, making it the direct tool to identify which service is causing a boot delay. Unlike other options, it specifically measures and displays the initialization time of each unit, allowing you to pinpoint the slowest service.

Answer

journalctl -u service

Answer

systemctl status

Answer

systemd-analyze critical-chain

Question 8

A DevOps engineer is setting up an automated build pipeline for a Python application on a Debian system. The application must be packaged into a .deb for deployment. The engineer writes a Makefile that creates the package but the final 'dpkg -i' step fails due to unmet dependencies: the application requires python3-requests >= 2.0, but the repositories provide 1.0. The team has a local mirror with custom packages including python3-requests 2.0. The mirror is correctly listed in /etc/apt/sources.list. The engineer runs 'apt-get update' before building, but the dependency resolution still fails. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The .deb package should be installed using 'apt install ./package.deb' instead of 'dpkg -i'.. `dpkg -i` does not resolve dependencies from repositories; it only installs the local .deb file and checks dependencies against the local dpkg database. Using `apt install ./package.deb` leverages APT's dependency resolution, which will fetch `python3-requests 2.0` from the local mirror after `apt-get update` has refreshed the package index. This ensures unmet dependencies are automatically satisfied from the configured sources.

Answer

The engineer must set the --force-depends option to skip dependency checks.

Answer

The 'apt-get update' command did not run successfully; the engineer should check the output.

Answer

The python3-requests 2.0 package has not been correctly built or uploaded to the local mirror.

Question 9

Refer to the exhibit. The system administrator wants to determine which package provides the file /etc/passwd. Based on the output, which command would be most appropriate to find the package?

Accepted Answer

`dpkg -S /etc/passwd`. `dpkg -S /etc/passwd` queries the dpkg database to find which installed package owns the specified file. This is the standard Debian/Ubuntu command to map an absolute path to its originating package, making it the most appropriate choice for the administrator's goal.

Answer

`dpkg -L base-passwd`

Answer

`apt-file search /etc/passwd`

Answer

`apt-cache show /etc/passwd`

Question 10

A system administrator notices that the system time is incorrect by several minutes. Which command should be used first to check the status of NTP synchronization?

Accepted Answer

timedatectl. The `timedatectl` command is the correct first step because it shows the current system time, time zone, and NTP synchronization status in a single output. It directly reports whether NTP is active and whether the clock is synchronized, making it the standard diagnostic tool on modern systemd-based Linux distributions.

Answer

ntpdate

Answer

date

Answer

hwclock

Question 11

Refer to the exhibit. The administrator is unable to SSH into the server (TCP port 22) from a remote host. The iptables rules are as shown. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The second rule drops all incoming traffic, including SSH.. The second rule in the iptables ruleset explicitly drops all incoming traffic with `iptables -A INPUT -j DROP`. Since SSH traffic on TCP port 22 is incoming from a remote host, it matches this rule before any later rule could accept it. The default policy being ACCEPT does not override explicit DROP rules; iptables processes rules sequentially, and the DROP rule terminates the packet's traversal, preventing SSH access.

Answer

The default policy is ACCEPT, so SSH should be accepted.

Answer

The SSH service is not running.

Answer

The first rule only allows loopback, not SSH.

Question 12

After connecting a USB device, the system does not create a device node in /dev. Which command can be used to trigger udev to re-evaluate the device?

Accepted Answer

udevadm trigger. The correct command is `udevadm trigger`. This command causes udev to re-evaluate all devices by simulating kernel uevents, which forces udev to process rules and create device nodes in /dev for devices that were missed or not properly initialized.

Answer

modprobe

Answer

udevadm control --reload

Answer

udevadm settle

Question 13

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to configure network interfaces on a Linux system? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Editing /etc/network/interfaces file.. The `/etc/network/interfaces` file is the primary configuration file for network interfaces on Debian-based Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu). It allows static or dynamic (DHCP) configuration of interfaces using directives like `iface`, `address`, and `netmask`, and is read by the `ifup` and `ifdown` commands at boot or on demand.

Answer

Using the 'ifconfig' command.

Answer

Using the 'route' command.

Answer

Editing /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ network configuration files.

Question 14

A Linux system fails to boot with the error 'Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)'. After investigation, the administrator suspects that the root filesystem device is not being detected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The root= kernel parameter points to a non-existent device. The error 'VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)' indicates the kernel cannot locate the device specified by the 'root=' kernel parameter. If this parameter points to a non-existent device (e.g., wrong partition number or missing disk), the kernel fails to mount the root filesystem, causing a panic. This is the most direct cause among the options.

Answer

The root filesystem is corrupted

Answer

The initrd file is missing or corrupted

Answer

The SATA controller driver is not included in the kernel

Question 15

Based on the exhibit, which of the following is true about the cleanup.sh job?

Accepted Answer

It runs at 4:30 AM on Monday through Friday. The cron expression `30 4 * * 1-5` specifies that the job runs at minute 30, hour 4 (4:30 AM), every day of month (*), every month (*), but only on days of the week 1 through 5 (Monday=1, Tuesday=2, Wednesday=3, Thursday=4, Friday=5). Therefore, the job runs at 4:30 AM on Monday through Friday.

Answer

It runs at 4:30 AM every day

Answer

It runs at 4:00 AM on weekdays

Answer

It runs at 4:30 AM on weekends