LPIC-1 Practice Test 19 — 15 Questions

Question 1

An administrator needs to downgrade a package from version 2.0 to version 1.9. Which apt-get command can be used to perform this action?

Accepted Answer

`apt-get install package=1.9`. The correct command is `apt-get install package=1.9` because in APT, the `install` command is used not only to install new packages but also to downgrade an existing package to a specific version by appending `=version` to the package name. This instructs APT to resolve dependencies and perform the downgrade, overriding the currently installed version.

Answer

`apt-get downgrade package=1.9`

Answer

`apt-get upgrade package=1.9`

Answer

`apt-get dist-upgrade package=1.9`

Question 2

An administrator is troubleshooting a DNS issue. The command 'dig @8.8.8.8 example.com' returns a response, but 'host example.com' returns 'Host not found'. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The /etc/resolv.conf file is misconfigured.. The command 'dig @8.8.8.8 example.com' succeeds, proving that the DNS server at 8.8.8.8 is reachable and functional, and that network connectivity is fine. However, 'host example.com' fails because it uses the system's default resolver, which reads /etc/resolv.conf to determine which DNS server to query. If /etc/resolv.conf is misconfigured (e.g., missing or incorrect nameserver entries), the resolver cannot reach a valid DNS server, resulting in 'Host not found'.

Answer

The network interface is down.

Answer

The /etc/hosts file is corrupt.

Answer

The DNS server at 8.8.8.8 is not responding.

Question 3

Based on the exhibit, what will happen if the syslog service is stopped?

Accepted Answer

Apache2 will continue running because the dependency is a soft dependency. In Linux, services managed by systemd can have dependencies declared as 'Requires' (hard) or 'Wants' (soft). A soft dependency means that the dependent service (Apache2) does not require the target service (syslog) to be running; it will continue to operate even if syslog is stopped. The exhibit likely shows a 'Wants' directive, which does not enforce a strict ordering or runtime requirement.

Answer

Apache2 will be stopped because it depends on syslog

Answer

The system will prompt to restart syslog before stopping

Answer

Apache2 will be automatically restarted because it requires syslog

Question 4

A technician is tasked with installing a package from a third-party repository on a CentOS 7 system. What is the correct first step to add the repository?

Accepted Answer

Create a .repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/.. On CentOS 7, third-party repositories are added by placing a .repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/. This file defines the repository ID, name, baseurl, and GPG check settings. Yum reads all .repo files in this directory at runtime, making it the standard and correct first step for adding a repository.

Answer

Run 'yum localinstall' with the repository URL.

Answer

Edit /etc/yum.conf and add the repository URL.

Answer

Use 'yum-config-manager --add-repo' without any further steps.

Question 5

A sysadmin is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two servers in different subnets. The output of 'traceroute 192.168.2.10' shows packets reaching a router but not the destination. The router's firewall uses iptables. Which rule would prevent the traceroute from completing?

Accepted Answer

-A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type port-unreachable -j DROP. Traceroute relies on ICMP Time Exceeded messages from intermediate routers and an ICMP Port Unreachable message from the destination to signal completion. Dropping ICMP type 3 (Destination Unreachable) packets, specifically port-unreachable (code 3), prevents the final response from reaching the source, causing traceroute to hang after reaching the last hop.

Answer

-A INPUT -i lo -j LOG

Answer

-A INPUT -p udp -j ACCEPT

Answer

-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j REJECT

Question 6

Refer to the exhibit. Based on the apt-cache showpkg output, which version of vim would be installed if the administrator runs 'apt-get install vim' without specifying a version?

Accepted Answer

2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.1 from focal-updates. When no version is specified, apt-get install selects the highest version number from the highest-priority repository. Here, version 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.1 is higher than 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu1, and focal-updates typically has a higher priority than focal (unless overridden by pinning). Therefore, the candidate version from focal-updates (option D) is installed.

Answer

2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu1 from focal-updates

Answer

2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.1 from focal

Answer

2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu1 from focal

Question 7

A web server runs Apache and generates extensive access logs. To conserve disk space, an administrator sets up a cron job that runs nightly at 2:00 AM. The job executes a shell script located at /usr/local/bin/rotate_logs.sh. The script is intended to find all .log files in /var/log/apache2/ that are older than 7 days, compress them with gzip, and move the compressed files to /var/log/archive/. However, after several days, the administrator notices that the /var/log partition is nearly full and the logs are not being compressed. The cron log shows the job ran at the scheduled time but produced no terminal output (stdout or stderr). The script itself contains no explicit echo statements or error handling. The administrator has root access and wants to diagnose the problem without disrupting the running web server. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step to identify the failure?

Accepted Answer

Run the script manually with 'bash -x /usr/local/bin/rotate_logs.sh' to observe command execution.. Running the script with 'bash -x' enables execution tracing, which prints each command and its arguments as they are executed. This will reveal exactly where the script fails—whether due to a missing file, permission error, or incorrect path—without modifying the script or disrupting the running web server. Since the cron job produced no output, the script likely encountered a silent failure, and 'bash -x' is the most direct way to diagnose it.

Answer

Use 'ps -ef | grep compress' to check if the cron job spawned any child processes.

Answer

Check the file permissions of the archive directory with 'ls -ld /var/log/archive'.

Answer

Review the system logs in /var/log/syslog for any entries related to gzip or the script.

Question 8

A script contains the following line: for i in $(cat file.txt); do echo $i; done. The file file.txt contains a single line with multiple words. How many times will the loop execute?

Accepted Answer

Equal to the number of words in the file. The command substitution $(cat file.txt) expands to the content of file.txt, which is a single line with multiple words. The for loop iterates over each word (separated by whitespace) in the expanded string, not over lines. Therefore, the loop executes once per word in the file.

Answer

Equal to the number of lines in the file

Answer

Once

Answer

The loop will not execute

Question 9

An administrator ran 'dnf update' and a critical application broke. The administrator wants to undo the last transaction and return to previous state. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

dnf history undo last. The correct command is 'dnf history undo last' because DNF maintains a transaction history that can be reverted. The 'undo' subcommand reverses the specified transaction (in this case, the last one) by applying the inverse operations, restoring packages to their previous state. This is the standard way to roll back a DNF transaction without affecting unrelated changes.

Answer

dnf undo last

Answer

dnf rollback

Answer

yum rollback

Question 10

Which command is used to view the last few lines of a log file and simultaneously follow new entries as they are written?

Accepted Answer

tail -f. The `tail -f` command is correct because it displays the last 10 lines of a file by default and then continues to monitor the file for new lines, outputting them as they are appended. This is essential for real-time log monitoring, as it uses inotify or polling to detect file changes without requiring manual re-reading.

Answer

cat

Answer

head -n 10

Answer

less

Question 11

Refer to the exhibit. This line is from /etc/passwd. What does the third field (1001) represent?

Accepted Answer

User ID (UID). In the /etc/passwd file, the third field is the User ID (UID), a numeric identifier assigned to each user. UID 0 is reserved for root, and values below 1000 are typically system accounts, while 1001 is a regular user UID. This field is used by the kernel to track user ownership of processes and files.

Answer

Home directory UID

Answer

Group ID (GID)

Answer

Login shell number

Question 12

Refer to the exhibit. What is the purpose of the 'test -x /usr/sbin/anacron' command in the cron entries?

Accepted Answer

It ensures the periodic tasks are not run if anacron is installed.. The 'test -x /usr/sbin/anacron' command checks if the anacron binary exists and is executable. If it is, the test returns true (exit code 0), and the subsequent periodic tasks (e.g., run-parts) are skipped due to the logical NOT operator '!' at the beginning of the cron entry. This prevents duplicate execution of periodic jobs when both cron and anacron are installed, as anacron is designed to handle them for systems that may not be running continuously.

Answer

It checks if anacron is executable and then runs the periodic tasks.

Answer

It starts anacron if it is not already running.

Answer

It logs the output of the periodic tasks to a file.

Question 13

Which TWO statements about udev rules are correct? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Custom udev rules should be placed in /etc/udev/rules.d/.. Option A is correct because locally administered custom udev rules belong in /etc/udev/rules.d/, which takes precedence over the distribution-supplied rules in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/ and is the supported location for administrator-defined rules. Option D is correct because udev rules match devices using keys such as ATTRS{idVendor} and ATTRS{idProduct} (or ENV{ID_VENDOR_ID}/ENV{ID_MODEL_ID} from the hardware database), allowing rules to target specific USB vendor and product IDs. Option B is wrong because udev processes events dynamically whenever devices are added or removed at runtime, not only at boot. Option C is wrong because udev is a device manager for the kernel device model and has no scheduling capability; periodic tasks are handled by cron or systemd timers. Option E is wrong because there is no 'udevadm verify' subcommand; syntax checking is done with 'udevadm test' or 'udevadm test-builtin', while 'udevadm control --reload' reloads rules.

Answer

Udev rules are only applied at boot time.

Answer

Udev rules can be used to schedule periodic tasks via cron.

Answer

The 'udevadm verify' command tests rule syntax.

Question 14

Which THREE statements are true about the sed command?

Accepted Answer

sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' file.txt replaces all occurrences of foo with bar in the file.. Option B is correct because the -i flag enables in-place editing, so sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' file.txt rewrites file.txt directly, replacing every occurrence of foo with bar due to the g (global) flag. Option D is correct because the address /^#/ matches lines beginning with # and the d command deletes them, so sed '/^#/d' file.txt removes comment lines from the output. Option E is correct because -n suppresses default output and the address range 3,5 with the p command prints only lines 3 through 5. Option A is wrong because without -i sed writes results to stdout, leaving file.txt unchanged. Option C is wrong because sed uses basic regular expressions by default; extended regex requires the -E or -r option.

Answer

sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt permanently changes the file.

Answer

sed uses extended regular expressions by default.

Question 15

Which of the following commands displays the amount of free disk space on all mounted filesystems in a human-readable format?

Accepted Answer

df -h. The `df -h` command displays disk space usage for all mounted filesystems with sizes in human-readable units (e.g., KB, MB, GB). The `-h` flag converts raw block counts into powers of 1024 with appropriate suffixes, making the output easy to interpret at a glance.

Answer

df -i

Answer

du -sh

Answer

df -T