LPIC-1 Practice Test 18 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Which command displays information about the CPU, including model name, cache size, and flags?

Accepted Answer

lscpu. The `lscpu` command is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to display CPU architecture information, including model name, cache sizes, and flags (such as SSE, AES, etc.), by reading data from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo in a human-readable format. It provides a concise summary without requiring root privileges, making it the most appropriate tool for this task.

Answer

uname -a

Answer

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Answer

dmidecode

Question 2

A system administrator needs to ensure that a bash script continues executing even if any command in the script fails. Which of the following should be used at the beginning of the script?

Accepted Answer

set +e. `set +e` disables the 'exit on error' behavior in a bash script, allowing the script to continue executing even if a command returns a non-zero exit status. By default, bash scripts do not exit on error, but if `set -e` is used elsewhere, `set +e` explicitly turns that off to ensure the script continues despite failures.

Answer

trap 'echo error' ERR

Answer

unset -e

Answer

set -e

Answer

# set +e

Question 3

A system administrator notices that the NTP service on a Linux server is not synchronizing time with external NTP servers. The administrator runs 'ntpq -p' and sees that all servers listed have a 'reach' value of 0. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A firewall is blocking UDP port 123.. The `reach` value of 0 in `ntpq -p` output indicates that the NTP client has received no responses from any of the configured servers. Since NTP uses UDP port 123 for communication, a firewall blocking this port would prevent the client from sending or receiving NTP packets, resulting in zero reachability. This is the most common cause when all servers show a reach of 0.

Answer

The system timezone is incorrectly set.

Answer

The NTP service is configured to use the local clock.

Answer

The NTP server is using a different NTP version.

Question 4

A Linux administrator wants to update the local package index from all configured repositories on an Ubuntu system. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

apt update. The `apt update` command (equivalent to `apt-get update`) refreshes the local package index by downloading the latest package lists from all repositories defined in `/etc/apt/sources.list` and `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/`. This is the prerequisite step before any installation or upgrade, ensuring the system knows about the newest available versions and dependencies.

Answer

dpkg --configure -a

Answer

apt upgrade

Answer

apt-get install

Question 5

Arrange the steps to create a LVM logical volume and mount it.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount. The correct sequence for creating an LVM logical volume and mounting it is: first create physical volumes (PVs) using pvcreate, then create a volume group (VG) with vgcreate, then create a logical volume (LV) with lvcreate, and finally format the LV with a filesystem (e.g., mkfs) and mount it. This ensures that each step builds on the previous one.

Answer

Step 1: Create volume group, Step 2: Create physical volumes, Step 3: Create logical volume, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create logical volume, Step 3: Create volume group, Step 4: Format and mount

Answer

Step 1: Create physical volumes, Step 2: Create volume group, Step 3: Format and mount, Step 4: Create logical volume

Question 6

An administrator wants to change the owner of all files in /data to user 'web' without changing the group. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

chown -R web /data. `chown -R web /data` changes the owner of all files and directories recursively under /data to user 'web' while leaving the group ownership unchanged. The `-R` flag ensures recursion, and omitting a colon or dot after the username means only the owner is modified.

Answer

chown -R web:web /data

Answer

chown web /data

Answer

chown web:web /data

Question 7

Match each package manager to its associated distribution family.

Accepted Answer

APT: Debian-based distributions. Common package managers and their distribution families: APT (Debian), YUM/DNF (Red Hat), ZYpp (SUSE), pacman (Arch). Distractor options swap these associations.

Answer

APT: Red Hat-based distributions

Answer

YUM: SUSE-based distributions

Question 8

Which TWO of the following commands output the total number of lines in a file?

Accepted Answer

sed -n '$='. Option D, `sed -n '$=',` is correct because sed's `=` command prints the current line number, and with the `$` address it prints only the line number of the last line, which equals the total number of lines in the file. Option E, `wc -l`, is correct because `wc` with the `-l` flag counts and outputs the number of newline characters, which is the standard way to report a file's total line count. Option A, `grep -c '.',` is wrong because it counts only lines containing at least one character (the `.` regex matches any single character), so it omits empty lines and does not give the true total. Option B, `nl`, is wrong because it numbers and prints every line of the file rather than outputting a single total count. Option C, `head -n 1`, is wrong because it outputs only the first line of the file, not the total number of lines.

Answer

grep -c '.'

Answer

nl

Answer

head -n 1

Question 9

An admin runs 'lsblk' and sees that /dev/nvme0n1p1 is listed with size 512M and mounted at /boot/efi. What is the most likely filesystem type?

Accepted Answer

vfat. The /boot/efi partition is the EFI System Partition (ESP), which is required for UEFI boot. The ESP must be formatted with a FAT-based filesystem (typically vfat/FAT32) because the UEFI firmware is designed to read FAT partitions to load boot loaders. The size of 512M is also typical for an ESP.

Answer

ext4

Answer

swap

Answer

xfs

Question 10

After running 'df -h', the administrator sees that /dev/sda1 is 100% used. 'du -sh /mountpoint' shows only 50% used. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A large file was deleted but a process still holds it open. When a file is deleted but a process still holds an open file descriptor to it, the kernel does not release the disk space until the process closes the file. The 'df' command reports space usage based on the filesystem's superblock, which still counts the deleted file's blocks. 'du' calculates space by traversing the directory tree and summing file sizes, so it does not see the unlinked file. This discrepancy explains why 'df' shows 100% usage while 'du' shows only 50%.

Answer

The disk has bad blocks

Answer

There is a hard link that du does not count

Answer

The filesystem is corrupted and needs fsck

Question 11

A system has multiple APT repositories configured. The administrator needs to ensure that for a specific package, the version from a particular repository is always preferred over others, regardless of version number. Which configuration would achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Creating a file in /etc/apt/preferences.d/ with a high Pin-Priority for that package and origin. APT's pinning mechanism, configured via files in /etc/apt/preferences.d/, allows an administrator to assign a high Pin-Priority to a specific package from a particular origin (repository). This ensures that version is always preferred during dependency resolution and upgrades, overriding the default version comparison logic.

Answer

Editing /etc/apt/sources.list and setting the release in sources.list

Answer

Using apt-mark hold on the package after installing from desired repository

Answer

Adding the repository and using apt-get install -t release package

Question 12

A system administrator wants to ensure that the filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is checked for errors every 30 mounts. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

tune2fs -c 30 /dev/sdb1. The `tune2fs` command is used to adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems. The `-c` option sets the maximum mount count between filesystem checks; `tune2fs -c 30 /dev/sdb1` configures the filesystem to trigger an `fsck` check every 30 mounts. This is the correct tool for modifying this persistent setting.

Answer

fsck -c 30 /dev/sdb1

Answer

e2fsck -c 30 /dev/sdb1

Answer

mount -o errors=remount-ro

Question 13

To enable disk quotas for user quotas on a filesystem, which line should be added to /etc/fstab's mount options?

Accepted Answer

usrquota. The 'usrquota' mount option is the standard Linux kernel parameter used to enable user disk quotas on a filesystem. When added to the fourth field of an /etc/fstab entry, it instructs the kernel to track per-user disk usage, allowing the quota system (via quotacheck, edquota, etc.) to enforce limits.

Answer

grpquota

Answer

userquota

Answer

quota

Question 14

Refer to the exhibit. A Linux system fails to boot with a kernel panic. The dmesg output shows the disk is detected and partitions are recognized. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the kernel panic?

Accepted Answer

The root filesystem cannot be mounted because the root= kernel parameter points to a non-existent or incorrect device.. A is correct because the kernel panic occurs after the disk and partitions are detected, indicating the kernel can see the hardware but cannot mount the root filesystem. The most common cause is an incorrect or missing `root=` kernel parameter in the bootloader configuration (e.g., GRUB), which specifies the root device (e.g., `/dev/sda1` or `UUID=...`). If this parameter points to a non-existent or wrong partition, the kernel cannot pivot to the root filesystem, leading to a panic.

Answer

The kernel module for the SATA controller is missing from the initramfs.

Answer

The SATA controller is not supported by the kernel.

Answer

The disk has bad sectors causing read errors during boot.

Question 15

A system administrator wants to ensure that the syslog service starts automatically on boot and is running immediately without a reboot. Which command sequence should be used?

Accepted Answer

systemctl enable --now syslog. `systemctl enable --now syslog` combines enabling the service to start automatically on boot and starting it immediately in a single command. The `--now` flag triggers an immediate start after enabling, fulfilling both requirements without needing a reboot.

Answer

systemctl start syslog && systemctl enable syslog

Answer

systemctl start --enable syslog

Answer

systemctl enable syslog && systemctl start syslog