LPIC-1 Practice Test 14 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A Debian system has some partially installed packages due to a failed installation. Which TWO commands can help resolve the broken dependencies? (Choose exactly two.)

Accepted Answer

apt-get -f install. The `apt-get -f install` command (option A) is specifically designed to fix broken dependencies by attempting to correct a system with unsatisfied dependencies, often by installing missing packages or removing partially installed ones. The `dpkg --configure -a` command (option D) reconfigures any unpacked but not yet configured packages, which is a common state after a failed installation, and can resolve dependency issues by completing the configuration of partially installed packages.

Answer

apt-get dist-upgrade

Answer

apt-get upgrade

Answer

apt-get remove --purge

Question 2

Which TWO commands can be used to display the current runlevel of a SysV init system?

Accepted Answer

who -r. Option B (who -r) is correct because the who command with the -r flag reads the /var/run/utmp file and prints the current runlevel along with the time it was last changed, making it a valid way to display the runlevel on a SysV init system. Option D (runlevel) is correct because the runlevel command reads /var/run/utmp and outputs the previous and current runlevel (e.g., 'N 3'), directly reporting the system's current runlevel. Option A (init 3) is incorrect because init 3 changes the runlevel to 3 rather than displaying the current one. Option C (telinit) is incorrect because telinit is used to send control commands to init (such as changing runlevels), not to query the current runlevel. Option E (systemctl get-default) is incorrect because it is a systemd command that shows the default target, not the current runlevel of a SysV init system.

Answer

init 3

Answer

telinit

Answer

systemctl get-default

Question 3

An administrator added a new APT repository to sources.list. Which command must be run to make the system aware of the packages from that repository?

Accepted Answer

apt update. After adding a new APT repository to sources.list, you must run 'apt update' (or 'apt-get update') to refresh the local package index from all configured repositories. This command downloads the latest package lists from the repository's Release and Packages files, making the system aware of available packages and their versions. Without this step, APT will not know about the new repository's packages, and subsequent install or upgrade commands will fail to find them.

Answer

apt-get upgrade

Answer

apt upgrade

Answer

apt-cache search

Question 4

An administrator needs to copy a directory hierarchy from one server to another over SSH, preserving permissions, ownership, and timestamps. Which command is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

tar cf - /source | ssh user@dest "tar xf - -C /target". It uses `tar` to create an archive of the source directory, pipes it over SSH, and extracts it on the remote server with `tar xf - -C /target`. This method preserves all file metadata (permissions, ownership, timestamps) because `tar` captures and restores these attributes by default, and the pipe over SSH transfers the raw archive without any transformation. Unlike `scp` or `rsync` (without root privileges), this approach can preserve ownership even when the user is not root, as long as the remote `tar` runs with appropriate privileges.

Answer

cp -a /source /mnt/remote

Answer

scp -rp /source user@dest:/target

Answer

rsync -avz /source user@dest:/target

Question 5

A system administrator needs to install the latest version of a package named 'webapp' from a third-party repository that has been added to the system. Which command should be used to update the package list and install the package in one step?

Accepted Answer

apt-get update && apt-get install webapp. It first runs `apt-get update` to refresh the local package index from all configured repositories (including the third-party one), then uses `&&` to conditionally execute `apt-get install webapp` only if the update succeeds. This ensures the latest version available from the third-party repository is fetched and installed in a single command sequence.

Answer

apt-get upgrade webapp

Answer

dpkg -i webapp.deb

Answer

apt-cache search webapp && apt-get install webapp

Question 6

Arrange the steps to schedule a cron job that runs a script every day at 2 AM.

Accepted Answer

1. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 2. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 3. Save and exit the editor. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.. Crontab -e opens the user's cron file; the syntax minute hour day month weekday command must be correct.

Answer

1. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 2. Save and exit the editor. 3. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.

Answer

1. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`. 2. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 3. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 4. Save and exit the editor.

Answer

1. Add the line `0 2 * * * /path/to/script` to the file. 2. Execute `crontab -e` to open the user's cron file. 3. Save and exit the editor. 4. Verify the cron job with `crontab -l`.

Question 7

An administrator suspects that a critical system file has been modified after installation. Which command can be used to verify the integrity of all installed RPM packages on a RHEL system?

Accepted Answer

`rpm -Va`. (`rpm -Va`) is correct because it verifies all installed RPM packages against their original metadata, checking file sizes, permissions, checksums, and other attributes. The `-V` flag triggers verification, and `-a` applies it to every installed package, making it the proper command to detect modifications to critical system files.

Answer

`rpm -K`

Answer

`rpm --verify`

Answer

`rpm -V all`

Question 8

Refer to the exhibit. A user tries to execute a script on a mounted filesystem but gets a permission denied error. The script has execute permissions. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The filesystem is mounted with the 'noexec' option.. The 'noexec' mount option prevents execution of any binary or script on the filesystem, regardless of file permissions. Even if the script has execute permissions set, the kernel will refuse to execute it when the filesystem is mounted with 'noexec'. This is a common security measure on filesystems like /tmp or /home to prevent unauthorized code execution.

Answer

The script is not executable for the user.

Answer

The user does not have read permission on the script.

Answer

The filesystem is full.

Question 9

Refer to the exhibit. A user reports that the 'myapp' command fails to run. Based on the output, what is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A required shared library (libfoo.so.1) is missing.. The error message 'error while loading shared libraries: libfoo.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory' indicates that the dynamic linker cannot locate the required shared library libfoo.so.1. This is the most likely cause because the 'myapp' binary is linked against this library, and without it, the program cannot start.

Answer

The interpreter path is incorrect.

Answer

The file is not a valid ELF executable.

Answer

The file is not executable for the user.

Question 10

Which THREE of the following directories are part of the FHS and must be present on a standard Linux system? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

/var. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines /var (option A) as the directory for variable data such as logs, spool files, and caches, and it is a required top-level directory on a standard Linux system. Option B, /etc, is also mandated by the FHS to hold host-specific system configuration files, making it essential for a functioning system. Option D, /bin, is required by the FHS to contain essential user command binaries needed for single-user mode and system boot. Option C, /lost+found, is not an FHS-mandated directory; it is created by the e2fsck utility on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems to hold recovered files and is filesystem-specific rather than a standard FHS requirement. Option E, /home, while commonly present for user home directories, is not strictly required by the FHS and may be absent or mounted from a remote server in some configurations.

Answer

/lost+found

Answer

/home

Question 11

An RPM-based system has a package 'example-1.0' installed, but a newer version 'example-2.0' is available in a repository. Which command will upgrade the package?

Accepted Answer

yum update example. 'yum update example' is the standard command to upgrade a specific package to the latest available version from configured repositories. YUM automatically resolves dependencies and retrieves the newer package from the repository, making it the appropriate tool for upgrading from a repository source.

Answer

rpm -Uvh example-2.0.rpm

Answer

yum check-update example

Answer

yum install example

Question 12

An RPM-based system reports a file conflict during package installation. Which option to the rpm command will allow the installation to overwrite files from another package?

Accepted Answer

--replacefiles. The --replacefiles option tells rpm to overwrite files that already exist on the system from a different package, resolving file conflicts during installation. This is the correct and targeted way to allow overwriting without bypassing other important checks.

Answer

--force

Answer

--nodeps

Answer

--justdb

Question 13

Which three actions can an administrator take to securely erase data on a disk before decommissioning?

Accepted Answer

Run dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda.. Option C is correct because writing random data from /dev/urandom over the entire raw device /dev/sda with dd overwrites every sector, making the original data unrecoverable. Option D is correct because shred -n 3 /dev/sda performs three passes of overwriting on the block device, which securely destroys the prior contents. Option E is correct because hdparm --security-erase invokes the drive's ATA Secure Erase firmware command, which securely erases all sectors including remapped ones. Option A is not correct because mkfs only creates a new filesystem and leaves the underlying data blocks intact and recoverable. Option B is not correct because deleting and recreating a partition only modifies the partition table and does not overwrite the data stored on the disk.

Answer

Format the disk with mkfs.

Answer

Delete the partition and create a new one.

Question 14

A systems administrator downloads a .deb package file but it fails to install due to unmet dependencies. Which command sequence should be used to resolve the dependencies and complete the installation?

Accepted Answer

dpkg -i package.deb; apt-get install -f. When a .deb package fails to install due to unmet dependencies, `dpkg -i package.deb` installs the package but leaves dependencies unresolved. Running `apt-get install -f` (or `apt install -f`) then fixes broken dependencies by downloading and installing any missing packages from the configured repositories. This two-step sequence is the standard method for resolving dependency issues after a direct dpkg installation.

Answer

apt-get install -f

Answer

dpkg --configure -a

Answer

apt-get upgrade

Question 15

An administrator is configuring a DHCP server to assign IP addresses to clients in the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet. The server should provide the default gateway as 192.168.10.1 and DNS server as 8.8.8.8. Which option in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf defines the default gateway?

Accepted Answer

option routers 192.168.10.1;. The `option routers` directive in the ISC DHCP server configuration file `/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf` explicitly defines the default gateway (router) that clients should use. This directive sends the Router Option (option 3) in the DHCPOFFER and DHCPACK messages, instructing clients to set their default route to the specified IP address.

Answer

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

Answer

option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;

Answer

option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;