LPIC-1 Practice Test 10 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A system administrator wants to install custom scripts that should be available to all users. The scripts are not part of any package and should be placed under the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS). Which directory is most appropriate?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

/usr/local/bin. /usr/local/bin because the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) designates /usr/local as the location for locally installed software not managed by the system's package manager. Placing custom scripts in /usr/local/bin ensures they are in the default PATH for all users, while keeping them separate from system binaries in /usr/bin and /bin.

Answer

/var

Answer

/opt

Answer

/home

Question 2

A systemd service unit file must be configured to automatically restart the service if it exits unexpectedly. Which directive should be used?

Accepted Answer

Restart=always. The `Restart=always` directive in a systemd service unit file instructs systemd to automatically restart the service regardless of the exit status, including unexpected crashes or terminations. This ensures high availability by restarting the process whenever it exits, unless explicitly stopped by systemctl. Other directives like `Type=forking` or `RemainAfterExit=yes` do not control restart behavior.

Answer

Type=forking

Answer

RemainAfterExit=yes

Answer

ExecStop=/bin/true

Question 3

A system boots in UEFI mode, and the administrator wants to add a new kernel entry to the EFI boot manager. Which tool should be used?

Accepted Answer

efibootmgr. In UEFI mode, the system's boot manager is stored in NVRAM, and `efibootmgr` is the standard Linux tool for creating, deleting, and modifying boot entries in the UEFI Boot Manager. It directly manipulates the UEFI Boot Manager variables (e.g., BootOrder, Boot####) via the efivars kernel interface, allowing the administrator to add a new kernel entry without relying on a bootloader like GRUB.

Answer

grub2-install

Answer

lilo

Answer

mknbi

Question 4

A zombie process appears in the process list. The parent process has PID 1234. Which command will most likely remove the zombie?

Accepted Answer

kill -9 1234. A zombie process is a child process that has terminated but whose exit status has not been read by its parent. The zombie cannot be killed directly because it is already dead; it only remains in the process table until the parent calls wait(). Sending SIGKILL (kill -9) to the parent process (PID 1234) causes the parent to terminate, and the zombie child is then adopted by init (PID 1), which automatically reaps it by calling wait().

Answer

kill -9 <zombie_pid>

Answer

wait <zombie_pid>

Answer

reboot

Question 5

An administrator needs to create a new ext4 filesystem on /dev/sdb1 and wants to reserve 2% of the blocks for the root user. Which command should be used?

Accepted Answer

mkfs.ext4 -m 2 /dev/sdb1. The `-m` flag in `mkfs.ext4` specifies the percentage of filesystem blocks reserved for the root user (superuser). By default, ext4 reserves 5% of blocks; using `-m 2` reduces this to 2%, as required. This command creates a new ext4 filesystem on `/dev/sdb1` with the specified reserved block percentage.

Answer

tune2fs -m 2 /dev/sdb1

Answer

mke2fs -r 2 /dev/sdb1

Answer

mkfs.ext4 -R 2 /dev/sdb1

Question 6

According to FHS, which directory should NOT be mounted on a networked filesystem (e.g., NFS) because it contains host-specific configuration files?

Accepted Answer

/etc. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) specifies that /etc contains host-specific configuration files that must be local to each machine. Mounting /etc over a network filesystem like NFS would cause all clients to share the same configuration, breaking system identity, network settings, and security policies. This violates the FHS requirement that /etc be a local filesystem.

Answer

/home

Answer

/var

Answer

/opt

Question 7

A system administrator needs to perform incremental backups of a large directory /data. The backup strategy requires a full backup every Sunday and incremental backups on weekdays. Which tar command satisfies this requirement using the --listed-incremental option?

Accepted Answer

Full: tar -cvf /backup/full.tar -g /var/backup/snapshot /data; Incremental: tar -cvf /backup/incr.tar -g /var/backup/snapshot /data. The `--listed-incremental` (or `-g`) option in tar creates and uses a snapshot file to track changes between backups. By specifying the same snapshot file for both the full and incremental backups, tar automatically records which files have changed since the last full backup, enabling proper incremental backups without relying on timestamps or file modification times.

Answer

Full: tar -czvf /backup/full.tar.gz /data; Incremental: tar -czvf /backup/incr.tar.gz --after-date '1 day ago' /data

Answer

Full: tar -cvf /backup/full.tar /data; Incremental: tar -cvf /backup/incr.tar -N 'last Sunday' /data

Answer

Full: tar -cvf /backup/full.tar --newer /data; Incremental: tar -cvf /backup/incr.tar --newer /backup/full.tar /data

Question 8

A Linux system fails to boot after installing a new kernel. Which step should be taken first to recover the system?

Accepted Answer

Edit GRUB configuration at boot to select the old kernel. When a new kernel fails to boot, the quickest recovery method is to select the previous working kernel from the GRUB boot menu. GRUB typically retains the old kernel entry in its menu (e.g., 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' or a similar submenu), allowing you to boot the system without any external media or reinstallation. This approach avoids the overhead of using a live CD or rescue mode and directly restores functionality.

Answer

Reinstall the original kernel using a live CD

Answer

Boot into single-user mode to fix the kernel

Answer

Use the rescue mode from installation media

Question 9

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator installed a new command in /opt/bin/ but cannot run it without specifying the full path. What is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The command is not in the PATH.. The administrator installed the command in /opt/bin/, but the shell cannot find it without the full path because /opt/bin/ is not listed in the PATH environment variable. The PATH variable defines the directories the shell searches for executable commands; if a directory is omitted, commands within it must be invoked with an absolute or relative path.

Answer

The command is an alias that conflicts.

Answer

The command has no execute permission.

Answer

The command is a function that overrides.

Question 10

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator wants to unset the BASH_ALIASES associative array. Which command will correctly remove it?

Accepted Answer

unset BASH_ALIASES. `unset` is the standard Bash built-in command to destroy a variable or function. For an associative array like BASH_ALIASES, `unset BASH_ALIASES` removes the entire array, including all its key-value pairs, from the current shell environment.

Answer

export -n BASH_ALIASES

Answer

unset -v BASH_ALIASES

Answer

delete BASH_ALIASES