CCNA IP Routing Practice Test 7 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Which three of the following are true regarding the forwarding decision process in a router? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

The router performs a recursive route lookup if the next-hop address in a static route is not directly connected.. The three true statements are: (A) The router performs a recursive route lookup when the next-hop address in a static route is not directly connected, meaning the router must find a route to that next-hop address before forwarding. (B) The Forwarding Information Base (FIB) is used in Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) mode to provide fast, hardware-based packet switching by pre-populating the forwarding table from the routing table. (C) When a packet arrives, the router first checks the routing table (RIB) for the best matching route, which is the longest prefix match, to determine the next-hop and outgoing interface. The other statements are false: The router does not always perform an ARP request for every destination IP; ARP is only for next-hop addresses on the same subnet. The router does not skip the routing table for directly connected subnets; it still checks the routing table. The router rewrites the source MAC address to the MAC address of the outgoing interface, not necessarily the next-hop router's MAC, and this occurs per-hop.

Answer

The router always performs an ARP request for every destination IP address in a packet.

Answer

The router rewrites the source MAC address to the MAC address of the next-hop router for every forwarded packet.

Answer

If the destination IP is on the same subnet as an interface, the router forwards the packet directly without checking the routing table.

Question 2

Which four of the following statements about IPv4 static routing are true? (Choose all that apply. There are four correct answers.)

Accepted Answer

A default static route uses 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination network.. A default static route with destination 0.0.0.0/0 matches all packets when no more specific route exists, acting as a gateway of last resort. A floating static route uses a higher administrative distance (e.g., 150) than the dynamic protocol's default (e.g., 110 for OSPF), so it only appears in the routing table if the dynamic route fails. A fully specified static route includes both the exit interface and next-hop IP, eliminating recursive lookups. A recursive static route specifies only the next-hop IP, forcing the router to perform multiple routing table lookups to find the exit interface. Option D is incorrect because a static route specifying only the next-hop IP requires a recursive lookup to find the exit interface, not ARP directly. Option E is incorrect because an IPv4 static route cannot use an IPv6 address as next hop; the next-hop address must be in the same address family.

Answer

A static route pointing to a next-hop IP address only is resolved through ARP on the router.

Answer

An IPv4 static route can use an IPv6 address as the next hop.

Question 3

Which four of the following statements about distance vector routing protocols (e.g., RIP, EIGRP) are correct? (Choose all that apply. There are three correct answers.)

Accepted Answer

Split horizon prevents routing loops by not advertising a route back out the interface from which it was learned.. RIPv2 sends updates to multicast address 224.0.0.9, ensuring only RIPv2 routers process them. EIGRP maintains both feasible distance (best metric to a destination) and advertised distance (metric reported by the next-hop router) to support its loop-free DUAL algorithm. Split horizon prevents routing loops by not advertising a route back out the interface from which it was learned. The statement about reliance on Bellman-Ford is false because EIGRP uses DUAL, not Bellman-Ford; the statement that distance vector protocols require a full topological map is false (that describes link-state protocols); and EIGRP does not support unequal-cost load balancing by default—it requires the 'variance' command.

Answer

EIGRP supports both equal-cost and unequal-cost load balancing by default.

Answer

They require a full topological map of the network to calculate the best path.

Question 4

Which three of the following are characteristics of a distance-vector routing protocol? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Routers send their entire routing table to directly connected neighbors at regular intervals.. Distance-vector routing protocols are characterized by periodic full routing table updates to directly connected neighbors, as seen in classic protocols like RIP. However, advanced distance-vector protocols such as EIGRP do not send their full routing table at regular intervals; they perform a one-time full exchange during neighbor formation and then send only partial, triggered updates. Regardless of this distinction, all distance-vector protocols have a limited view of the network topology (often called 'routing by rumor'), rely on hop count or composite metrics, and converge more slowly than link-state protocols in large networks. The correct options highlight these general characteristics of distance-vector protocols.

Answer

Routers maintain a complete map of the entire network topology.

Answer

Routers flood link-state advertisements (LSAs) to all routers in the area.

Answer

Routers use the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to calculate routes.

Question 5

Two routers, R1 and R2, have been configured with HSRP for VLAN 10 to provide default gateway redundancy to hosts. The virtual IP address is 192.168.10.1. After configuration, end hosts report inconsistent connectivity to the gateway, and a failover test reveals that when the active router is shut down, connectivity is lost. The network administrator checks the HSRP status on both routers. R1 shows HSRP group 10 as Active with no standby router, and R2 shows HSRP group 20 as Active with no standby router. What is the most likely cause of the redundancy failure?

Accepted Answer

The HSRP group number is mismatched between R1 and R2.. HSRP requires all routers participating in the same virtual router to use the same group number. Because R1 is active for group 10 and R2 is active for group 20, neither router has a standby for its group. If the active router for a group fails, no standby router can take over, causing loss of connectivity. Authentication mismatch or HSRP version mismatch would typically prevent routers from forming a neighbor relationship, but the provided status showing each router active in a different group points specifically to a group mismatch.

Answer

R2 has a lower HSRP priority than R1, so it cannot become standby.

Answer

The HSRP authentication strings do not match.

Answer

HSRP version 1 is used on R1 while version 2 is used on R2.

Question 6

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure and verify a floating IPv4 static route as a backup path.

Accepted Answer

Configure the primary static route to the destination network using the primary next-hop address, leaving the administrative distance at its default value (1).. The correct order begins with configuring the primary static route (A) because it defines the main path. Checking its administrative distance (B) (default 1) is essential to then set a higher AD for the floating route (C), ensuring it acts only as a backup. Next, verify the routing table to see only the primary route installed (D). Simulate a failure by shutting down the primary interface (E) to trigger failover. Finally, recheck the routing table to confirm the floating route is now active (F).

Question 7

Drag and drop the following steps into the correct order to configure a primary default static route and a floating default static route on a Cisco router.

Accepted Answer

Enter global configuration mode using the configure terminal command.. The correct order is A, B, C, D, E. First, enter global configuration mode using 'configure terminal' (A). Then configure the primary default static route with next-hop 203.0.113.1 (B). Next, configure the floating default static route with a higher administrative distance of 5 (C). After that, exit configuration mode with the 'end' command (D). Finally, verify the static routes using 'show ip route static' (E).

Question 8

A network engineer configures OSPF on R1 and R2 over a point-to-point link. The interfaces are in the same OSPF area, with matching hello and dead timers, and are on the same IP subnet. However, the command show ip ospf neighbor on both routers shows no neighbors. A firewall sits between R1 and R2. What should the technician do next?

Accepted Answer

Check the firewall rules to verify that multicast address 224.0.0.5 is not being blocked.. OSPF uses multicast address 224.0.0.5 (AllSPFRouters) to send hello packets and establish neighbor adjacencies. A firewall blocking this multicast address would prevent R1 and R2 from receiving each other's hello packets, resulting in no neighbors appearing in the show ip ospf neighbor output. Since all other OSPF parameters (area, timers, subnet) are correctly configured, the firewall is the most likely cause.

Answer

Verify that the OSPF router IDs on R1 and R2 are unique.

Answer

Check the OSPF network type on the connecting interfaces.

Answer

Verify that the MTU on the connecting interfaces matches.

Question 9

R1 cannot reach host 10.3.3.1 on R3. The technician checks routing: R1 has a route to 10.3.3.0/24 via next-hop 10.1.1.2 (R2). R2 has a route to 10.3.3.0/24 via next-hop 10.2.2.2 (R3). A ping from R1 to 10.3.3.1 times out. A ping from R2 to 10.3.3.1 succeeds. What should the technician do next?

Accepted Answer

Verify that R3 has a route back to R1’s subnet.. Since R2 can ping 10.3.3.1 successfully, R2 has connectivity to R3, and R3 can send replies to R2's subnet. The failure from R1 indicates that while the forward path from R1 to R3 works, the return path from R3 to R1 is broken. The most likely cause is that R3 does not have a route back to R1's subnet (10.1.1.0/24). Therefore, the technician should verify R3's routing table for a return route to R1's subnet. An inbound ACL on R3 would affect the forward path (the echo request), not the return path, and would be a secondary check after confirming routing.

Answer

Check whether an inbound ACL on R3 is blocking packets with R1’s source IP address.

Answer

Verify the OSPF neighbor adjacency between R2 and R3.

Answer

Test for an MTU mismatch along the path from R1 to R3.

Question 10

A network engineer notices that an OSPF adjacency between R1 and R2 is flapping between FULL and DOWN state every 40 seconds. The dead interval on both routers is configured as 40 seconds. The hello interval on R1 is 10 seconds, and on R2 it is 30 seconds. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Mismatched hello intervals cause the dead timer on R1 to expire before receiving a hello from R2, tearing down the adjacency.. In OSPF, hello and dead intervals must match exactly between neighbors. A mismatch causes hello packets to be rejected, so the adjacency stays DOWN rather than flapping FULL/DOWN. Furthermore, the timers given would not cause R1 to expire: R2 sends hellos every 30s, which is less than R1's 40s dead interval. Therefore none of the options correctly explains the flapping; the question scenario is invalid.

Answer

Duplicate OSPF router IDs are causing the adjacency to reset each time the mismatched routers see each other's LSAs.

Answer

A network type mismatch between broadcast and point-to-point is causing periodic DR/BDR elections that reset the adjacency.

Answer

An OSPF authentication mismatch is causing periodic rejection of hello packets on one router.

Question 11

A router learns route 198.51.100.0/24 from OSPF with AD 110 and also has a static route to the same prefix configured with AD 150. Which route is installed?

Accepted Answer

The OSPF route, because 110 is lower than 150. The route with the lower administrative distance is installed. A static route configured with a higher AD becomes a floating static route and remains as a backup until the preferred route disappears.

Answer

The static route, because static routes always win

Answer

Both routes, because administrative distances are different

Answer

Neither route, because the static route is floating

Question 12

A router output shows this neighbor state:

Neighbor ID 10.1.1.1   State FULL/DR   Address 192.168.12.1

What does the FULL/DR state indicate?

Accepted Answer

The neighbor relationship is complete and the neighbor is the DR on that segment. FULL means the OSPF adjacency is fully formed. The /DR suffix indicates that the listed neighbor is the Designated Router for that multiaccess segment.

Answer

The local router is the DR and adjacency formation has failed

Answer

The routers are exchanging only link-state requests

Answer

The neighbor has been learned through BGP redistribution

Question 13

A router learns 10.10.10.0/24 from OSPF and EIGRP at the same time. OSPF reports a metric of 20, and EIGRP reports a metric of 30720. Which route is installed in the routing table by default?

Accepted Answer

The EIGRP route, because its administrative distance is lower. When the same prefix is learned from different routing protocols, the router compares administrative distance first. EIGRP internal routes use AD 90, while OSPF uses AD 110, so the EIGRP route is preferred.

Answer

The OSPF route, because 20 is lower than 30720

Answer

Both routes, because they point to the same prefix

Answer

Neither route, because the metrics are not comparable

Question 14

A router shows this output:

R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
10.1.1.2          1   FULL/DR         00:00:34    192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet0/0
10.1.1.3          1   2WAY/DROTHER    00:00:39    192.168.12.3    GigabitEthernet0/0

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

This can be normal on a broadcast segment where DROTHER routers remain in 2-Way. On broadcast OSPF networks, full adjacency is typically formed with the DR and BDR. DROTHER routers can remain in the 2-Way state with one another and still be operating normally.

Answer

R1 has failed to form adjacency with 10.1.1.3

Answer

R1 has a duplicate router ID with 10.1.1.3

Answer

The interface is passive

Question 15

Which command correctly configures an IPv6 default route using next-hop address 2001:db8:1::1?

Accepted Answer

ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:1::1. The correct IPv6 default route uses the prefix ::/0 with the command 'ipv6 route ::/0'. Option B is wrong because 'ip route' is used for IPv4 routes, not IPv6. Option C uses 'ipv6 default-route', which is not a valid Cisco IOS command. Option D sets the management default gateway for IPv4 only and does not insert a route into the IPv6 routing table.

Answer

ip route :: 2001:db8:1::1

Answer

ipv6 default-route 2001:db8:1::1

Answer

ip default-gateway 2001:db8:1::1