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CCNA Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization Questions

75 of 349 questions · Page 3/5 · Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization · Answers revealed

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151

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application to AWS. The application uses a proprietary database that is not supported by Amazon RDS. The migration must minimize downtime and require minimal changes to the application. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Migrate the database to Amazon RDS with a compatible engine and modify connection strings.

B.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 instances and migrate the database using AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication.

C.Refactor the application to use Amazon Aurora and modify the code to use the Aurora query interface.

D.Replace the database with Amazon DynamoDB and rewrite database access layer.

AnswerB

Rehosting on EC2 allows the same database engine, and DMS with replication minimizes downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because rehosting (lift-and-shift) involves moving the application as-is to Amazon EC2, which can host any database engine, and can minimize changes and downtime using tools like AWS Server Migration Service. Option A is incorrect because refactoring would require significant application changes. Option C is incorrect because replacing the database with a new one would require application modifications.

Option D is incorrect because the database is not supported by RDS, so RDS cannot be used.

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152

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is planning to migrate a workload to AWS and needs to estimate the total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to on-premises. Which TWO AWS tools can be used to perform this analysis?

Select 2 answers

A.AWS Pricing Calculator

B.AWS Organizations

C.AWS Cost Explorer

D.AWS TCO Calculator

E.AWS Budgets

AnswersA, D

Estimates monthly costs for AWS services.

Why this answer

Options A and C are correct. AWS Pricing Calculator estimates costs of AWS services. AWS TCO Calculator compares on-premise costs to AWS.

Option B is wrong because AWS Budgets tracks spending. Option D is wrong because AWS Cost Explorer analyzes existing AWS spending. Option E is wrong because AWS Organizations manages accounts.

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153

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a web application to AWS and wants to use a containerized architecture. The application consists of multiple microservices that communicate via REST APIs. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead for managing containers and orchestrating microservices. Which AWS service should the company use?

A.Amazon EKS with managed node groups.

B.AWS Lambda functions for each microservice.

C.Amazon EC2 with Docker installed on each instance.

D.Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate launch type.

AnswerD

Fargate is serverless and reduces overhead.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Amazon ECS with Fargate is a serverless container orchestration service that reduces operational overhead. Option A is wrong because EC2 requires manual management. Option C is wrong because EKS also requires management of the control plane.

Option D is wrong because Lambda is for functions, not containers.

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154

MCQhard

A company is migrating a large-scale, stateful application to AWS. The application maintains session state in memory on the current on-premises servers. The company needs a solution that preserves session state during migration and minimizes latency for users worldwide. Which strategy should the company use?

A.Use AWS Global Accelerator to gradually shift traffic, and use Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to centralize session state

B.Use Amazon Route 53 weighted routing to shift traffic to new EC2 instances, and store session state in Amazon S3

C.Use AWS CloudFront to cache static content, and use Amazon DynamoDB for session state

D.Use AWS Global Accelerator to shift traffic, and deploy AWS WAF to protect the application

AnswerA

Global Accelerator provides anycast IP and traffic shifting; ElastiCache provides low-latency state sharing.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Global Accelerator allows you to gradually shift traffic from on-premises to AWS using endpoint weights, minimizing disruption during migration. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis provides a centralized, in-memory session store that preserves session state across the migration, ensuring low-latency access for users worldwide by leveraging Global Accelerator's anycast IP and AWS edge locations.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse Route 53 weighted routing with Global Accelerator's traffic-shifting capabilities, overlooking that Global Accelerator provides both performance optimization and gradual traffic migration, while Route 53 alone lacks the anycast edge network and fine-grained endpoint weight management needed for low-latency stateful migration.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because Amazon S3 is not designed for low-latency session state storage; its eventual consistency and higher latency make it unsuitable for real-time session management, and Route 53 weighted routing lacks the traffic-shifting granularity and performance optimization of Global Accelerator. Option C is wrong because CloudFront caching static content does not address session state preservation; DynamoDB can store session state but introduces higher latency compared to in-memory solutions like ElastiCache for Redis, and CloudFront does not provide traffic shifting for migration. Option D is wrong because AWS WAF is a web application firewall that protects against web exploits, not a mechanism for preserving session state or shifting traffic; Global Accelerator alone without a centralized session store does not solve the stateful migration requirement.

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155

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application runs on Windows Server and uses a shared file system for storage. The company wants to modernize the application by using a managed file storage service that is POSIX-compliant and can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances concurrently. Which TWO AWS services meet these requirements? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Amazon EBS

B.Amazon FSx for Lustre

C.Amazon S3

D.Amazon S3 Glacier

E.Amazon EFS

AnswersB, E

FSx for Lustre is POSIX-compliant and supports concurrent access.

Why this answer

Option B (Amazon EFS) and Option D (Amazon FSx for Lustre) are both POSIX-compliant file systems that can be accessed concurrently by multiple EC2 instances. Option A (Amazon S3) is object storage, not POSIX-compliant. Option C (Amazon EBS) is block storage that can be attached to one instance at a time (unless using multi-attach, but that is limited).

Option E (Amazon S3 Glacier) is archival storage.

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156

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its application stack from on-premises to AWS using a rehost strategy. The stack includes a web server, an application server, and a MySQL database. The company wants to automate the migration using AWS Application Migration Service (MGN). After configuring MGN, the web server test instance fails to start because the boot volume is missing the boot sector. What is the most likely cause?

A.The EBS volume size is smaller than the source volume.

B.The source volume was not shut down cleanly before replication.

C.The source web server uses an unsupported instance type.

D.The source OS is not supported by MGN.

AnswerB

Dirty shutdown can corrupt boot sector.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because MGN requires consistent volumes. Option A is wrong because instance type does not affect boot sector. Option B is wrong because volume size is not an issue.

Option D is wrong because source OS is supported.

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157

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 3-tier web application from on-premises to AWS. The application consists of a Linux Apache HTTP server, a Java application server (Tomcat), and a MySQL database. The company wants to use AWS managed services to reduce operational overhead. The migration plan includes using AWS Elastic Beanstalk for the web and application tiers, and Amazon RDS for MySQL for the database. During a test migration, the team notices that the application is experiencing intermittent connection timeouts when the web tier attempts to connect to the application tier. The web and application tiers are deployed in separate Elastic Beanstalk environments, both in the same VPC, same region, and same Availability Zone. The security groups allow traffic from the web tier to the application tier on port 8080. What is the MOST likely cause of the connection timeouts?

A.The application tier is configured with an internal Application Load Balancer, but the web tier is unable to resolve the DNS name of the load balancer.

B.The web tier and application tier are in different Availability Zones, causing increased latency and timeouts.

C.The web tier is trying to connect directly to the application tier instances, but the application tier's security group does not allow inbound traffic from the web tier's security group.

D.The Elastic Beanstalk environment's health check URL is misconfigured, causing the instances to be marked as unhealthy and removed from the load balancer.

AnswerC

The web tier should connect to the application tier's load balancer, but the security group of the load balancer must allow traffic from the web tier.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Elastic Beanstalk environments are deployed in separate Auto Scaling groups, and the security group that allows traffic from the web tier should reference the web tier's security group, not its instance IDs or IP addresses. However, the most common issue is that the application tier's Elastic Beanstalk environment uses a load balancer, and the web tier should connect to the load balancer, not directly to the instances. The load balancer's security group must allow traffic from the web tier.

Option A is wrong because both environments are in the same AZ; cross-AZ traffic is not the issue. Option C is not the primary cause; health checks are separate. Option D is wrong because the application tier uses Elastic Beanstalk's integrated load balancer, not a standalone ALB.

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158

MCQeasy

A company is migrating its on-premises file server to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server. The company has 2 TB of data and a 100 Mbps internet connection. The migration must be completed within 5 days. What should the company do?

A.Order a new AWS Direct Connect connection.

B.Use AWS Snowcone to physically ship the data.

C.Use AWS DataSync over the internet to transfer data.

D.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer data.

AnswerB

Fast and cost-effective for 2 TB.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Snowcone is ideal for small data. Option A is wrong because 100 Mbps is too slow. Option C is wrong because Snowball Edge is oversized.

Option D is wrong because Direct Connect takes too long to provision.

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159

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application uses a custom authentication mechanism that relies on LDAP. The company wants to minimize changes to the application. Which THREE services should the company consider for integrating LDAP authentication? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.AWS Directory Service Simple AD

B.AWS Directory Service AD Connector

C.AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory

D.Amazon Cognito user pools

E.AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

AnswersA, B, C

Simple AD is a low-cost LDAP directory.

Why this answer

A, C, and D are correct because AWS Managed Microsoft AD provides LDAP, Simple AD is a low-cost LDAP-compatible directory, and AD Connector relays LDAP requests to on-premises AD. B is wrong because Cognito is for external identity providers. E is wrong because IAM does not provide LDAP authentication.

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160

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is planning to migrate a legacy application to AWS. The application runs on a single server with a monolithic architecture and uses an Oracle database. The migration team wants to reduce licensing costs and improve scalability. Which TWO strategies should the team consider?

Select 2 answers

A.Replatform the application to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL.

B.Refactor the application into microservices and use Amazon DynamoDB for data storage.

C.Replatform the database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL and refactor the application to use it.

D.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 and use Amazon RDS for Oracle with license-included.

E.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 and use Amazon RDS for Oracle with BYOL.

AnswersA, C

Reduces operational overhead and licensing costs.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because replatforming the application to AWS Elastic Beanstalk reduces operational overhead by automating capacity provisioning, load balancing, and scaling, while migrating from Oracle to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL eliminates Oracle licensing costs and provides a managed database service with built-in high availability and scalability. This approach directly addresses the company's goals of reducing licensing costs and improving scalability without requiring a full application rewrite.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse 'replatforming' (option A and C) with 'refactoring' (option B) or assume that rehosting with Oracle BYOL (option E) reduces costs, when in fact BYOL still requires existing licenses and does not eliminate licensing expenses.

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161

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a multi-tier web application to AWS. The application uses sticky sessions (session affinity). The company wants to use an Application Load Balancer (ALB). How should the architect configure the ALB to support sticky sessions?

A.Configure the ALB listener to use a custom header for session affinity.

B.Enable stickiness on the target group and set a cookie expiration duration.

C.Use a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and enable proxy protocol.

D.Place an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in front of the ALB to store session data.

AnswerB

ALB supports sticky sessions via a cookie; configuration is on the target group.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because ALB supports sticky sessions by enabling stickiness on the target group and setting a duration. Option A is wrong because NLB does not support cookies for stickiness. Option B is wrong because stickiness is set on target group, not listener.

Option C is wrong because stickiness is a feature of the load balancer, not an external service.

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162

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy .NET application to AWS. The application currently uses Windows Authentication and a SQL Server database. The company wants to reduce licensing costs and use managed services where possible. The migration should minimize code changes. Which combination of services meets these requirements?

A.Amazon EC2 instances with SQL Server installed and AWS Directory Service for AD

B.AWS Lambda for the application logic and Amazon DynamoDB for the database

C.Amazon ECS with Windows containers, Amazon RDS for SQL Server, and AWS SSO

D.AWS Elastic Beanstalk for the .NET application, Amazon RDS for SQL Server, and AWS Managed Microsoft AD

AnswerD

Elastic Beanstalk supports .NET, RDS for SQL Server is managed, and Managed AD provides Windows Authentication.

Why this answer

AWS Managed Microsoft AD provides Windows Authentication compatibility. Amazon RDS for SQL Server is a managed database service that reduces operational overhead and licensing costs compared to self-managed SQL Server. AWS Elastic Beanstalk supports .NET applications.

This combination minimizes code changes. Lambda does not support .NET Windows Authentication natively; DynamoDB is not compatible; EC2 does not reduce licensing costs.

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163

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a large-scale application to AWS. The application uses a message queue for decoupling components. The current on-premises solution uses RabbitMQ. The company wants a managed service that supports message durability and at-least-once delivery. Which THREE AWS services meet these requirements? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) topic.

B.Amazon MQ (managed RabbitMQ broker).

C.Amazon SQS FIFO queue.

D.Amazon Kinesis Data Streams.

E.Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) standard queue.

AnswersB, C, E

Managed RabbitMQ service, supports durability.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. Amazon SQS provides at-least-once delivery and durability. Amazon MQ is a managed RabbitMQ service.

Amazon SQS FIFO also provides at-least-once and exactly-once processing. Option C is wrong because Amazon SNS is pub/sub, not a queue. Option E is wrong because Kinesis Data Streams is for streaming data, not a message queue.

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164

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload reads input files from an on-premises NFS server, processes them, and writes output files. The company wants to use AWS managed services and minimize operational overhead. Which TWO AWS services should the company use to replace the on-premises NFS server? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Amazon S3 with S3 File Gateway.

B.AWS DataSync to transfer files from on-premises to Amazon EFS.

C.AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway.

D.Amazon EBS with a shared snapshot.

E.Amazon EFS (Elastic File System).

AnswersB, E

DataSync automates data transfer to AWS.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct because Amazon EFS provides a scalable NFS file system, and AWS DataSync can migrate data from on-premises to EFS. Option A is wrong because S3 is object storage, not file. Option C is wrong because Storage Gateway File Gateway also provides NFS, but DataSync is more efficient for initial migration.

Option E is wrong because EBS is block storage and not shared.

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165

Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO of the following are best practices for migrating a large-scale relational database to Amazon Aurora using AWS DMS? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers

A.Use multiple parallel DMS tasks to improve throughput

B.Disable foreign key constraints on the target database during migration to speed up the load

C.Use the largest DMS replication instance to maximize performance

D.Enable validation on the DMS task to ensure data consistency after migration

E.Migrate while the source database is fully active without any downtime

AnswersA, D

Parallel tasks increase performance.

Why this answer

Using parallel tasks improves throughput. Validating data after migration ensures consistency. Disabling foreign keys may cause data integrity issues.

Using largest instance type may not be cost-effective. Using CDC reduces downtime.

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166

MCQhard

A company is migrating a large-scale batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs on a schedule and processes terabytes of data. The migration must be cost-effective. Which AWS service is best suited for this workload?

A.Amazon EMR

B.AWS Lambda

C.AWS Batch

D.Amazon EC2 with Auto Scaling

AnswerC

AWS Batch is a fully managed batch computing service that dynamically provisions compute resources.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Batch is designed for batch computing and can automatically provision the optimal quantity and type of compute resources. Option A is wrong because Lambda has a 15-minute timeout and limited memory. Option B is wrong because EMR is optimized for big data frameworks like Spark, not general batch.

Option D is wrong because EC2 requires manual management of instances.

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167

MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application from on-premises to AWS. The application uses a Microsoft SQL Server database with Always On Availability Groups for high availability. The company wants to use Amazon RDS for SQL Server to reduce management overhead. The database size is 500 GB. The migration must have minimal downtime and support transactional consistency. The company has a VPN connection to AWS. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Use AWS DMS with a full-load migration and ongoing replication from the on-premises SQL Server to RDS for SQL Server.

B.Take a full backup of the database, restore it to RDS, and then schedule a final backup and restore after cutting over.

C.Use the SQL Server Import/Export Wizard to copy data from on-premises to RDS over the VPN.

D.Use AWS SCT to convert the database schema and then use AWS DMS for data migration.

AnswerA

DMS supports full load and CDC for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS DMS supports ongoing replication from SQL Server to RDS for SQL Server using native CDC capabilities, enabling minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because native backup/restore requires downtime and does not support ongoing replication. Option B is wrong because exporting data with SQL Server Import/Export Wizard requires downtime and does not support ongoing sync.

Option D is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration; also, SCT does not handle data migration.

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168

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application to AWS. The application consists of a web server, an application server, and a MySQL database. The company has already migrated the web and application servers to EC2 instances in a VPC. The database is still on-premises. The application currently connects to the database using a JDBC connection string with the on-premises IP address. The company wants to minimize changes to the application code. The network team has established an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and the VPC. The security team requires that traffic between the application and the database be encrypted in transit. The database is not publicly accessible. The migration plan includes moving the database to Amazon RDS for MySQL in the same VPC after the initial cutover. During the migration testing phase, the application team reports that the application can connect to the on-premises database but performance is slower than expected. CloudWatch metrics show high latency on the database connections. The application uses a connection pool with 100 connections. Which solution should the solutions architect recommend to improve performance while minimizing application code changes?

A.Increase the connection pool size to 200 and enable connection multiplexing

B.Deploy an Amazon RDS for MySQL read replica in the same Region and direct read traffic to it

C.Use AWS Database Migration Service to set up ongoing replication from on-premises to RDS

D.Enable Multi-AZ on the RDS instance

AnswerB

Offloads reads, reducing latency for read-heavy workloads.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because deploying an RDS read replica in the same Region reduces latency for read-heavy workloads. Option A (increase connections) may exacerbate issues. Option B (enable Multi-AZ) does not reduce latency.

Option D (DMS ongoing replication) does not improve read performance.

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169

MCQhard

A company is migrating a monolithic application to microservices on AWS. The application uses a shared MySQL database. The team wants to decouple the database per microservice. Which strategy should the team use to minimize downtime during migration?

A.Rehost the application on EC2 and use a single RDS MySQL instance for all microservices.

B.Use the strangler fig pattern to gradually migrate functionality to microservices, each with its own database.

C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to replicate the shared database to multiple target databases in real time.

D.Rewrite the entire application as microservices in a single release, using a shared database initially.

AnswerB

The strangler fig pattern allows incremental migration with minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because the strangler fig pattern incrementally replaces parts of the monolith. Option A is wrong because re-platforming as-is does not decouple the database. Option C is wrong because a single shared database contradicts microservices.

Option D is wrong because rewriting the entire application at once increases risk and downtime.

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170

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure high availability across AWS Regions. The application uses a relational database. Which THREE components are necessary for this multi-region architecture?

Select 3 answers

A.Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployment

B.Application Load Balancer in each region

C.Amazon Route 53 with failover routing policy

D.Amazon RDS cross-Region read replica

E.VPC peering between regions

AnswersB, C, D

Distributes traffic within region.

Why this answer

For multi-region HA, an RDS cross-region read replica provides DR, Route 53 with failover routing directs traffic, and a global secondary index in DynamoDB is not relevant but actually for NoSQL. However, correct options: cross-region read replica, Route 53 failover, and an Application Load Balancer for regional distribution. Option D is wrong because VPC peering is within region.

Option E is wrong because DynamoDB global tables are for NoSQL.

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171

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises VMware virtual machines to AWS. The company wants to use the same VM images and has a 10 Gbps direct connect link. Which service should be used to automate the migration of the VMs?

A.AWS Migration Hub

B.AWS DataSync

C.AWS VM Import/Export

D.AWS Server Migration Service

AnswerC

Directly imports VMware VMs as EC2 instances.

Why this answer

AWS VM Import/Export allows importing VM images from on-premises to EC2, supporting VMware formats. Option B is wrong because Migration Hub is a tracking tool. Option C is wrong because Server Migration Service (SMS) is deprecated; AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) is the recommended replacement but VM Import/Export fits the requirement of using existing images.

Option D is wrong because DataSync is for file/object storage.

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172

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises application to AWS and needs to maintain the same private IP addresses for the application servers. The on-premises network uses 10.0.0.0/16. Which AWS service allows the company to extend its on-premises network to AWS and preserve IP addresses?

A.AWS Transit Gateway

B.VPC Peering

C.AWS Site-to-Site VPN

D.AWS Direct Connect

AnswerC

Site-to-Site VPN extends on-premises network to VPC, preserving IP addresses.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Site-to-Site VPN creates an encrypted connection between on-premises and VPC. Option B is wrong because VPC Peering does not extend on-premises network. Option C is wrong because AWS Transit Gateway connects VPCs and on-premises, but VPN is the actual mechanism to extend IPs.

Option D is wrong because Direct Connect provides dedicated connection but does not inherently preserve IPs.

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173

MCQhard

A company is modernizing a legacy Java application to run on AWS. The application currently uses a monolithic architecture with a shared MySQL database. The company wants to adopt a microservices architecture using containers and wants to decouple the database. The solutions architect proposes using Amazon ECS with Fargate for compute and Amazon RDS for MySQL for the database. However, during the transition, the performance team notices that the database CPU utilization is consistently above 80% during peak hours. The application logs show many slow queries. The team suspects that the database is the bottleneck. The company wants to improve performance without rewriting the application. Which action should the solutions architect take first?

A.Enable Amazon RDS Performance Insights to identify the most resource-intensive queries.

B.Add an RDS read replica and direct read traffic to it.

C.Scale up the RDS instance to a larger instance type.

D.Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB to eliminate relational bottlenecks.

AnswerA

First step: diagnose the problem.

Why this answer

Before making architectural changes, it's important to analyze the slow queries to identify root causes. Enabling RDS Performance Insights provides detailed query performance metrics. Option A is wrong because DynamoDB would require code changes.

Option C is wrong because read replicas help with read traffic but not write-heavy or complex queries. Option D is wrong because scaling vertically may help but is not the first step; understanding the issue is better.

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174

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size and has a 24-hour maintenance window on weekends. The company needs to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which strategy should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Create an Aurora read replica from the on-premises database using a VPN connection.

B.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from the on-premises database to Aurora, then perform a cutover during the maintenance window.

C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the schema and then use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with full load only.

D.Perform a full pg_dump of the on-premises database and restore it to Aurora using pg_restore.

AnswerB

Ongoing replication keeps data in sync with minimal downtime during cutover, leveraging the maintenance window.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication (change data capture, CDC) allows the on-premises PostgreSQL database to be continuously synchronized with the target Aurora PostgreSQL cluster, minimizing downtime. When the cutover is performed during the 24-hour maintenance window, data consistency is ensured because all changes up to that point have been replicated. This approach avoids the need for a lengthy full database dump and restore, which would cause extended downtime.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume a full dump and restore (pg_dump/pg_restore) is the simplest approach, but they overlook the massive downtime it requires for a 2 TB database, whereas DMS with CDC is designed specifically to minimize downtime for large-scale migrations.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because Aurora read replicas can only be created from an existing Aurora DB cluster, not from an on-premises database; a VPN connection alone does not enable this replication. Option C is wrong because AWS SCT is used for schema conversion (not needed here since both are PostgreSQL), and a full-load-only DMS task would not capture ongoing changes, leading to data inconsistency and longer downtime. Option D is wrong because performing a full pg_dump and pg_restore would require the on-premises database to be offline for the duration of the dump and restore, causing significant downtime that exceeds the maintenance window.

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175

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application has hardcoded IP addresses and uses non-HTTP protocols. The solutions architect needs to minimize changes to the application code. Which migration pattern should be used?

A.Use AWS Global Accelerator to assign static IP addresses.

B.Containerize the application and use service discovery.

C.Rehost the application on EC2 instances with the same IP addresses using Elastic IPs.

D.Refactor the application to use DNS names instead of IP addresses.

AnswerC

Minimal changes; EIPs preserve IPs.

Why this answer

Rehosting (lift-and-shift) with private IP addresses on EC2 and security groups allows the application to retain its IP configurations with minimal changes. Option A is wrong because refactoring to use DNS requires code changes. Option B is wrong because containerization requires code modifications.

Option D is wrong because AWS Global Accelerator is for traffic management, not for replacing hardcoded IPs without code changes.

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176

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy API to Amazon API Gateway and Lambda. The API currently uses long-polling to retrieve messages from a queue. The migration must maintain the same client behavior. Which AWS service should replace the long-polling mechanism?

A.Use Amazon SQS with long polling enabled.

B.Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with enhanced fan-out.

C.Use Amazon MQ (ActiveMQ) with STOMP protocol.

D.Use API Gateway WebSocket APIs to maintain persistent connections.

AnswerD

WebSocket APIs allow persistent connections, replacing long-polling.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because WebSocket APIs in API Gateway support persistent connections for bidirectional communication. Option B is wrong because Kinesis is for streaming. Option C is wrong because SQS with long polling is still polling.

Option D is wrong because MQ is for message brokers.

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177

MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure it meets a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 15 minutes and a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 5 minutes. The application runs on EC2 with an EBS volume. Which configuration should the company use?

A.Multi-AZ deployment with synchronous replication between two instances.

B.Single EC2 instance with EBS snapshots every 5 minutes.

C.Two EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group with a warm standby.

D.EC2 instance with Elastic Disaster Recovery service.

AnswerA

Synchronous replication achieves low RPO; Multi-AZ provides failover.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because Multi-AZ with synchronous replication provides low RTO and RPO. Option A is wrong because a single EC2 instance does not provide failover. Option B is wrong because EBS Snapshots have higher RPO.

Option C is wrong because an Auto Scaling group alone does not handle stateful recovery.

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178

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses hard-coded IP addresses for database connections. The company wants to refactor the application to use a more resilient architecture in AWS. Which THREE steps should the company take to modernize the database connectivity? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.Enable Multi-AZ deployment for the RDS instance to automatically failover.

B.Use Amazon RDS read replicas to offload read traffic and improve resilience.

C.Assign an Elastic IP address to the RDS instance for consistent connectivity.

D.Migrate the database to Amazon RDS and use the RDS endpoint (DNS name) in the connection string.

E.Modify the application to read the database endpoint from an environment variable or configuration file.

AnswersB, D, E

Read replicas provide scalability and resilience for read-heavy workloads.

Why this answer

Options B, C, and D are correct because using an RDS endpoint (DNS name) allows failover, modifying the application to use the DNS name removes hard-coded IPs, and using a read replica offloads read traffic. Option A is wrong because an Elastic IP is not recommended for RDS. Option E is wrong because Multi-AZ is for high availability, not for removing hard-coded IPs.

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179

MCQeasy

A company is using AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) to migrate hundreds of on-premises servers to AWS. After the migration, some servers fail a health check. What is the most efficient way to remediate the failed servers?

A.Launch test instances from MGN, diagnose the issues, then update the source servers and perform a final cutover.

B.Rerun the MGN replication and perform a new cutover.

C.Restore the servers from the latest AMI and re-run the health check.

D.Use AWS CloudEndure Migration to re-migrate the servers.

AnswerA

Test instances enable safe troubleshooting before final cutover.

Why this answer

D is correct because MGN's test and cutover instances allow iterative testing and remediation. A is wrong because rehydrating from backup is time-consuming. B is wrong because it restarts the process from scratch.

C is wrong because CloudEndure is a different service (now part of MGN).

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180

MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A company is deploying a CloudFormation stack for a web application. The stack creation fails with the error 'The parameter DBPassword is not defined'. What is the most likely cause?

A.The DBPassword parameter is misspelled in the template

B.The DBPassword parameter is defined but used in a condition

C.The DBPassword parameter is not defined in the Parameters section

D.The DBPassword parameter is defined but the value is too short

AnswerC

Correct: The template lacks a Parameters section with DBPassword.

Why this answer

The template uses !Ref DBPassword, but DBPassword is not defined in the Parameters section of the template. CloudFormation requires parameters to be declared before they can be referenced. The other options are not indicated by the error message.

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181

MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises application to AWS. The application requires dedicated hardware for licensing compliance. Which AWS service should the company use to meet this requirement?

A.Amazon EC2 Dedicated Hosts

B.AWS Elastic Beanstalk

C.Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances

D.Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

AnswerA

Dedicated Hosts provide physical servers dedicated for your use, meeting licensing needs.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because Dedicated Hosts provide physical servers dedicated for your use, which helps meet licensing requirements. Option A is wrong because a VPC is a virtual network. Option B is wrong because Elastic Beanstalk is a PaaS service.

Option C is wrong because Reserved Instances provide a discount but do not provide dedicated hardware.

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182

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is planning to migrate its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Which actions should the company take to minimize downtime during the migration? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Take a full backup of the on-premises database and restore it to RDS during a maintenance window.

B.Use AWS Direct Connect to establish a dedicated network connection for faster data transfer.

C.Increase the allocated storage on the target RDS instance to improve write performance.

D.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema and optimize for RDS.

E.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication to keep the target in sync.

AnswersD, E

SCT helps convert schema and identify potential issues, reducing downtime.

Why this answer

Option A (use AWS DMS with ongoing replication) and Option D (use AWS SCT for schema conversion) are correct. Option B (take a full backup and restore) causes downtime. Option C (use Direct Connect for faster transfer) is helpful but not specifically for minimizing downtime.

Option E (increase instance size) is not directly related.

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183

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses an Oracle database to AWS. The application is critical and requires high availability with automatic failover. The company wants to use Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database size is 200 GB. The company needs a solution that provides automatic failover to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone with minimal downtime. Which RDS deployment option should the company use?

A.Multi-Region deployment with Read Replicas

B.Single-AZ deployment with Oracle Data Guard

C.Single-AZ deployment with automatic backups

D.Multi-AZ deployment

AnswerD

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover with a standby in a different AZ.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Multi-AZ deployment for RDS provides automatic failover to a standby instance in a different AZ. Option B is wrong because Read Replicas are for read scaling, not automatic failover. Option C is wrong because Single-AZ does not provide failover.

Option D is wrong because Oracle Data Guard requires manual configuration and is not managed by RDS automatically.

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184

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating an on-premises application to AWS. The application stores files on a Windows file server. The company wants to replace the file server with a managed AWS service that supports SMB protocol and integrates with Active Directory. Which TWO AWS services should the company consider? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS).

B.Amazon Elastic File System (EFS).

C.Amazon S3 with S3 File Gateway.

D.Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.

E.AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway.

AnswersD, E

Fully managed Windows file server with SMB and AD support.

Why this answer

Options A and C are correct. Amazon FSx for Windows File Server supports SMB and Active Directory. AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway can also serve SMB files and integrates with AD.

Option B is wrong because EFS is NFS, not SMB. Option D is wrong because S3 is object storage. Option E is wrong because EBS is block storage and not multi-instance accessible.

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185

MCQhard

A company is migrating a large-scale Apache Kafka cluster to Amazon MSK. The cluster has 100 topics with high throughput. The team wants to minimize operational overhead and ensure high availability. Which configuration should be used?

A.Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with enhanced fan-out.

B.Use Amazon SQS FIFO queues with message deduplication.

C.Deploy Apache Kafka on Amazon EC2 with Spot Instances and EBS volumes.

D.Provision an Amazon MSK cluster with 3 brokers per AZ across 3 AZs.

AnswerD

MSK is a managed Kafka service; multi-AZ provides high availability.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because MSK automatically handles replication and failover for high availability with minimal overhead. Option B is wrong because self-managed Kafka increases overhead. Option C is wrong because Kinesis is a different service.

Option D is wrong because SQS is not a Kafka replacement.

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186

MCQmedium

A company is migrating 50 on-premises web applications to AWS. Each application has a different OS and middleware. The migration must minimize downtime and use a pay-as-you-go model. Which AWS service should the company use to standardize the deployment of these applications?

A.AWS CloudFormation

B.AWS Application Migration Service

C.AWS Server Migration Service

D.AWS Database Migration Service

AnswerB

Application Migration Service automates lift-and-shift for applications.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Application Migration Service automates lift-and-shift migration of applications from on-premises to AWS, minimizing downtime and supporting heterogeneous environments. Option A is wrong because AWS CloudFormation is for infrastructure as code, not for migrating applications. Option B is wrong because AWS Database Migration Service is for databases, not general applications.

Option D is wrong because AWS Server Migration Service is deprecated and replaced by Application Migration Service.

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187

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a web application to AWS. The application consists of a stateless web tier, a stateful application tier, and a MySQL database. The company wants to use AWS managed services to improve scalability and reduce operational overhead. Which THREE services should the company use? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

B.Amazon S3

C.Application Load Balancer

D.Amazon ElastiCache for Redis

E.Amazon RDS for MySQL

AnswersC, D, E

ALB provides load balancing for the web tier.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and E are correct. Option A: ALB for load balancing. Option C: ElastiCache for session state.

Option E: RDS for MySQL. Option B is wrong because EC2 is not managed. Option D is wrong because S3 is not for stateful data.

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188

MCQmedium

A company plans to migrate a legacy on-premises web application to AWS using the 7 Rs (Rehost, Replatform, etc.). The application has tightly coupled components and unpredictable traffic. The team wants to minimize migration risk and time. Which migration strategy should they use?

A.Replatform

B.Rehost (lift-and-shift)

C.Repurchase

D.Retire

AnswerB

Rehost migrates without changes, minimizing risk and time.

Why this answer

Rehost (lift-and-shift) is the fastest and lowest-risk migration strategy because it does not require code changes. It allows the company to move the application as-is to EC2, then refactor later. Option A (Replatform) involves some modifications.

Option C (Retire) is for decommissioning. Option D (Repurchase) means replacing with SaaS.

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189

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS using a rehost (lift-and-shift) approach. The application consists of a web tier and a database tier. The company wants to ensure high availability and disaster recovery. Which TWO actions should the company take? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Configure Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to launch instances across multiple AWS Regions.

B.Deploy the web tier across multiple Availability Zones.

C.Use Amazon RDS Multi-AZ for the database tier.

D.Use Amazon RDS read replicas to offload read traffic.

E.Use a single Availability Zone for the database to reduce latency.

AnswersB, C

Provides high availability for the web tier.

Why this answer

Options A and D are correct. Deploying across multiple AZs provides high availability within a region. Using RDS Multi-AZ provides high availability for the database.

Option B is wrong because Auto Scaling across multiple regions is not typical for lift-and-shift and adds complexity. Option C is wrong because a single AZ is not highly available. Option E is wrong because read replicas are for read scaling, not HA.

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190

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses Oracle stored procedures to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. Which TWO strategies minimize code changes and migration effort?

Select 2 answers

A.Use the PostgreSQL oracle_fdw foreign data wrapper to access Oracle tables from Aurora PostgreSQL.

B.Use Amazon RDS for Oracle with cross-Region replication.

C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to replicate data continuously.

D.Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB and rewrite all application logic.

E.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert Oracle PL/SQL to PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL.

AnswersA, E

FDW can reduce migration effort by allowing access to Oracle data.

Why this answer

Options A and D are correct. Option A uses AWS SCT to automate schema conversion. Option D uses the PostgreSQL oracle_fdw extension to enable access to Oracle objects.

Option B is wrong because DynamoDB is NoSQL. Option C is wrong because RDS for Oracle does not move to PostgreSQL. Option E is wrong because DMS does not convert stored procedures.

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191

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating its on-premises VMware VMs to AWS using AWS MGN. They need to ensure that the migration minimizes downtime and automates cutover. Which TWO steps are required? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Use AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) to replicate the VMs

B.Use AWS CloudEndure Migration to configure the replication

C.Launch a test instance to validate the migration before cutover

D.Install the AWS MGN agent on each source VM

E.Use AWS DMS to migrate the data from the VMs

AnswersC, D

Testing is a best practice to ensure the migrated instance works correctly.

Why this answer

AWS MGN requires installing the MGN agent on each source VM (B) and then launching a test instance to verify the migration before cutover (C). Option A (AWS SMS) is a different service. Option D (AWS DMS) is for databases.

Option E (AWS CloudEndure Migration) is the former name of MGN, but the question asks for steps within MGN, and test launch is a required step.

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192

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy database to Amazon RDS. The database currently runs on a single server with a 2 TB volume. The migration must have less than 30 minutes of downtime. Which approach should be used for the initial data load?

A.Use a native database dump and restore during a maintenance window

B.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication

C.Export the database to Amazon S3 and import into RDS using native tools

D.Create a read replica from the source database to RDS

AnswerB

DMS does a full load and then replicates changes to keep downtime minimal.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS can perform a full load and then ongoing replication to minimize downtime. Option B is wrong because exporting to S3 and importing takes longer and doesn't support continuous replication. Option C is wrong because creating a read replica requires a compatible source.

Option D is wrong because a native dump/restore requires significant downtime for a 2 TB database.

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193

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application that uses a custom TCP protocol. The application needs to be accessible from the internet while maintaining security. Which AWS service should they use to expose the application without modifying the code?

A.Amazon CloudFront

B.Network Load Balancer (NLB)

C.Amazon API Gateway

D.Application Load Balancer (ALB)

AnswerB

NLB supports TCP traffic and preserves the protocol.

Why this answer

AWS Network Load Balancer (NLB) supports TCP protocols and can be used without modifying the application. Option A is wrong because ALB is for HTTP/HTTPS. Option B is wrong because API Gateway is for HTTP APIs.

Option D is wrong because CloudFront is for content delivery, not TCP.

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194

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 2 PB data lake from on-premises HDFS to Amazon S3. The data is in Parquet format and is accessed by Spark jobs. The migration must be completed within 30 days over a 1 Gbps network. Which approach minimizes cost and meets the deadline?

A.Use AWS DataSync over a Direct Connect connection.

B.Set up a VPN connection and use rsync to copy data to S3.

C.Use AWS Transfer Family to send data over FTP to S3.

D.Order multiple AWS Snowball Edge devices, copy data, and return them. Then set up AWS Glue jobs to convert to Parquet if needed.

AnswerD

Snowball Edge provides high-capacity offline transfer, meeting the deadline.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Snowball Edge can transfer large data in parallel, and S3 is the target. Option A is wrong because 1 Gbps cannot transfer 2 PB in 30 days. Option C is wrong because DataSync is for smaller volumes.

Option D is wrong because Direct Connect alone is too slow.

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195

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a multi-tier web application to AWS. The application consists of a web server, application server, and Oracle database. Which TWO AWS services should be used to modernize the application while reducing operational overhead?

Select 2 answers

A.Amazon RDS for Oracle

B.Amazon Lightsail

C.AWS Elastic Beanstalk

D.Amazon EC2

E.Amazon DynamoDB

AnswersA, C

Managed Oracle database reduces overhead.

Why this answer

Option A (Elastic Beanstalk) and Option D (RDS) are correct. Elastic Beanstalk manages the web and application servers, reducing operational overhead. RDS for Oracle manages the database.

Option B (EC2) increases operational overhead. Option C (DynamoDB) is not suitable for Oracle migration. Option E (Lightsail) is limited for complex applications.

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196

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single on-premises server with a MySQL database. The company wants to reduce operational overhead and improve scalability. Which combination of AWS services should the company use?

A.Containerize the application and run on Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate, and use Amazon Aurora Serverless for MySQL.

B.Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB and host the application on AWS Lambda.

C.Host the application on Amazon EC2 and use Amazon RDS for MySQL.

D.Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy the application and Amazon RDS for MySQL as the database.

AnswerD

Elastic Beanstalk manages the environment, RDS reduces DB management overhead.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because using Elastic Beanstalk for the application and RDS for MySQL reduces overhead and provides scalability. Option A is wrong because EC2 and RDS still require manual management of EC2. Option B is wrong because DynamoDB is NoSQL and not compatible with MySQL.

Option C is wrong because Aurora Serverless is not MySQL-compatible without changes, and Fargate requires containerization.

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197

MCQhard

A company wants to migrate a legacy Oracle database to AWS with minimal downtime. The database is 2 TB in size and runs on a single on-premises server. The company requires the ability to cut over quickly and roll back if needed. Which AWS service should be used?

A.Use S3 Transfer Acceleration to upload the database dump directly to an EC2 instance.

B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication from the source to an Amazon RDS for Oracle target.

C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema and then export the data to flat files for import.

D.AWS Snowball Edge to copy the database files and then restore on Amazon RDS.

AnswerB

Enables continuous replication for minimal downtime and easy rollback.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows minimal downtime and supports rollback. Option B is wrong because the AWS Schema Conversion Tool does not handle data migration. Option C is wrong because AWS Snowball is offline.

Option D is wrong because S3 Transfer Acceleration is for object storage.

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198

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a critical workload to AWS and needs to ensure business continuity. The workload runs on a single EC2 instance with a 500 GB EBS volume. The company requires a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 2 hours and a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 15 minutes. Which solution meets these requirements with the least operational overhead?

A.Create an AMI of the instance every 15 minutes and launch a new instance from the latest AMI in case of failure.

B.Deploy the workload on Amazon RDS Multi-AZ and enable automatic failover.

C.Use Amazon EBS snapshots with a 15-minute frequency and automate recovery with AWS Backup.

D.Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instance to another Region.

AnswerC

EBS snapshots provide cost-effective backups with low RPO and RTO.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Amazon EBS snapshots can be automated to meet the 15-minute RPO, and restoring from a snapshot can meet the 2-hour RTO. Option B is wrong because Multi-AZ RDS is for databases, not EC2. Option C is wrong because replication instances incur high overhead.

Option D is wrong because AMIs are less frequent and slower to restore.

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199

MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure that the migration has minimal downtime. The application runs on a single on-premises server with a local MySQL database. Which strategy provides the lowest downtime?

A.Rehost the application using AWS Application Migration Service

B.Use AWS Backup to back up and restore to RDS

C.Stop the application, take a snapshot, and restore on EC2

D.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication and cutover

AnswerD

DMS with ongoing replication allows near-zero downtime by keeping the target in sync until cutover.

Why this answer

Option C (Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication and cutover) is correct as it minimizes downtime. Option A (stop and copy) has downtime. Option B (backup and restore) has downtime.

Option D (rehost) also has downtime.

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200

MCQeasy

A company plans to migrate its on-premises VMware VMs to AWS. The company wants to automate the migration of VM images and minimize manual effort. Which AWS service should the company use?

A.AWS VM Import/Export

B.AWS DataSync

C.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS)

D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

AnswerA

VM Import/Export allows importing VM images as EC2 instances.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS VM Import/Export allows importing VM images. Option A is wrong because AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) is now part of Application Migration Service. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS is for databases.

Option D is wrong because AWS DataSync is for file data.

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201

MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS using the 7 Rs migration strategy. The application is tightly coupled with legacy infrastructure and has compliance requirements that prevent any code changes. The migration must be completed in 3 months. Which strategy is most appropriate?

A.Retain the application on-premises and use AWS Storage Gateway for backup.

B.Rehost using AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) and Amazon EC2.

C.Replatform to use Amazon RDS for MySQL.

D.Refactor into microservices on Amazon ECS.

AnswerB

No code changes needed, fast migration.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because rehosting (lift-and-shift) meets the no-code-change requirement and can be done quickly. Option A is wrong because replatforming may require changes. Option C is wrong because refactoring requires code changes.

Option D is wrong because retaining the application on-premises does not meet the migration goal.

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202

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy .NET Framework 4.7 application to AWS. The application uses Windows authentication and COM+ components. Which migration approach is most suitable?

A.Replatform to .NET Core on AWS Elastic Beanstalk (Linux)

B.Use Windows containers on Amazon ECS with Amazon ECS-optimized Windows Server AMI

C.Refactor to run on AWS Lambda with .NET Core 3.1

D.Containerize with Linux containers on Amazon ECS

AnswerB

Windows containers support .NET Framework and COM+ components.

Why this answer

Windows containers on Amazon ECS with Windows Server Core support .NET Framework applications and COM+. Option A is wrong because Linux containers do not support .NET Framework. Option B is wrong because Elastic Beanstalk with Linux does not support .NET Framework.

Option D is wrong because Lambda does not support full .NET Framework.

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203

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a web application from on-premises to AWS. The application consists of a stateless web tier and a stateful application tier that stores session data in a local file system. The company wants to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for both tiers. During a test migration, the development team notices that users are being logged out intermittently. The application tier is configured with two EC2 instances behind an internal load balancer. What should the development team do to resolve the issue?

A.Enable sticky sessions (session affinity) on the application tier's load balancer.

B.Move session storage to Amazon ElastiCache for Redis and configure the application to use it.

C.Increase the number of instances in the web tier to reduce the load on the application tier.

D.Store session data in Amazon DynamoDB.

AnswerB

ElastiCache provides a centralized, fast session store that works across instances.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because session data stored locally is lost when the instance is terminated or when traffic is routed to a different instance. Using ElastiCache for Redis provides a centralized session store that persists across instances. Option B is wrong because sticky sessions (session affinity) can cause load imbalance and are not a best practice.

Option C is wrong because scaling the web tier does not fix the session state issue. Option D is wrong because DynamoDB is not a native session store and requires custom code.

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204

Matchingmedium

Match each AWS compute service to its use case.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts

Matches

Serverless compute for event-driven applications

Run Docker containers without managing servers

Managed Kubernetes for container orchestration

Serverless compute for containers

Virtual servers for full control over the environment

Why these pairings

Different compute services offer varying levels of control and abstraction.

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205

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to AWS. The application has a stateful session layer that uses local disk storage. The migration plan involves rehosting the application on Amazon EC2 instances. What architecture change should the company implement to ensure high availability and stateless application tiers?

A.Store session data in Amazon S3 with Transfer Acceleration.

B.Use Amazon RDS with Multi-AZ to store session data.

C.Use Amazon ElastiCache for session state management.

D.Attach Amazon EBS volumes to each EC2 instance for session persistence.

AnswerC

Amazon ElastiCache provides low-latency session caching, enabling stateless EC2 instances.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because using ElastiCache for session state offloads state from EC2 instances, making them stateless and allowing auto scaling. Option A is wrong because Amazon S3 is not suitable for low-latency session state. Option C is wrong because EBS snapshots are for backup, not session offloading.

Option D is wrong because Amazon RDS is for relational databases, not session caching.

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206

MCQhard

A company is modernizing a legacy application by refactoring it into microservices. The application uses a monolithic Oracle database. The team wants to use Amazon RDS for Oracle as the migration target. Which migration approach minimizes risk and downtime?

A.Create a new RDS instance and use AWS SCT to convert the schema, then cutover after testing.

B.Use the strangler fig pattern to incrementally migrate functionality to new microservices, each with its own database.

C.Migrate the entire database at once using AWS DMS with ongoing replication.

D.Rewrite the application as microservices on AWS and then migrate the database.

AnswerB

Strangler fig pattern minimizes risk by migrating in small increments.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because the strangler fig pattern allows gradual migration. Option A is wrong because big bang migration is high risk. Option C is wrong because the phased approach may work but is broader; strangler fig is specific to microservices.

Option D is wrong because rewriting all at once is high risk.

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207

MCQhard

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS and wants to modernize it into microservices. The application currently uses a single relational database. Which migration strategy is most appropriate to minimize risk while starting the modernization process?

A.Incremental migration using the Strangler Fig pattern

B.Big bang migration of the entire application to containers

C.Replatform to Amazon RDS for MySQL

D.Rehost the application using AWS VM Import/Export

AnswerA

The Strangler Fig pattern allows gradual replacement of monolith components with microservices, minimizing risk.

Why this answer

Option B (Strangler Fig pattern) is correct as it allows incremental replacement of monolithic components with microservices, reducing risk. Option A (big bang) is risky. Option C (rehost) doesn't modernize.

Option D (replatform) still keeps monolith.

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208

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The data warehouse is currently running on a single large server with 10 TB of data. The company wants to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which AWS service should the architect use to perform the migration?

A.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

B.Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration

C.AWS Glue

D.AWS Snowball Edge

AnswerA

AWS DMS supports continuous replication from on-premises sources to Redshift, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) can migrate data from on-premises databases to Amazon Redshift with minimal downtime. AWS Snowball is for offline transfer and would cause more downtime. AWS Glue is for ETL, not direct migration.

S3 Transfer Acceleration is for S3 uploads.

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209

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application uses a SQL Server database. The company wants to minimize code changes and reduce licensing costs. Which migration strategy should the company choose?

A.Rebuild the application using AWS Lambda and Amazon RDS for MySQL.

B.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 with SQL Server or use Amazon RDS for SQL Server with license-included pricing.

C.Replatform the application to use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL.

D.Refactor the application to use Amazon DynamoDB.

AnswerB

Minimal code changes and reduces licensing costs via license-included option.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because rehosting (lift-and-shift) with Amazon RDS for SQL Server minimizes code changes and allows using license-included pricing. Option A is wrong because replatforming to Amazon Aurora would require code changes. Option B is wrong because refactoring to DynamoDB would require significant code changes.

Option D is wrong because rebuilding on Lambda would be a full re-architecture.

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210

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure high availability across two Availability Zones. The application runs on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The database is an on-premises SQL Server that will be migrated later. Which architecture provides high availability for the application tier during the migration?

A.Deploy EC2 instances in two AZs behind an ALB with cross-zone load balancing enabled.

B.Deploy EC2 instances in a single AZ with an Auto Scaling group.

C.Deploy EC2 instances in two AZs behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB).

D.Use Amazon Route 53 weighted routing to distribute traffic to instances in two AZs.

AnswerA

ALB with instances in two AZs provides high availability.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because ALB distributes traffic to instances in two AZs. Option B is wrong because a single AZ is not highly available. Option C is wrong because a Network Load Balancer is for TCP/UDP, not HTTP.

Option D is wrong because Route 53 alone does not provide load balancing.

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211

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS using the 7 Rs migration strategy. The application is a monolithic Java application running on a single on-premises server with a MySQL database. The company wants to reduce operational overhead and improve scalability. The development team has already containerized the application and tested it locally. The company wants to run the containerized application on AWS without managing the underlying infrastructure. Which AWS service should the company use to deploy the containerized application?

A.Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate launch type

B.Amazon EKS with managed node groups

C.Amazon EC2 with Docker installed

D.Amazon Lightsail containers

AnswerA

Fargate is serverless, no infrastructure to manage, and integrates with ECS.

Why this answer

Option C is correct: AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers, eliminating infrastructure management. Option A (EC2) requires managing instances. Option B (EKS) requires managing the control plane.

Option D (Lightsail) is not container-native.

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212

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a virtual machine from on-premises to AWS. The VM runs Windows Server 2012 R2. The company wants to minimize changes to the VM. Which AWS service should the company use to migrate the VM?

A.AWS Server Migration Service

B.AWS Database Migration Service

C.AWS CloudEndure Migration

D.AWS Application Migration Service

AnswerA

SMS can migrate VMs with minimal changes.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) can migrate VMs from on-premises to AWS with minimal changes. Option B is wrong because AWS Application Migration Service is for applications, not VMs. Option C is wrong because AWS CloudEndure Migration is now part of Application Migration Service.

Option D is wrong because AWS Database Migration Service is for databases.

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213

MCQeasy

A company is planning to migrate a Microsoft SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They want to automate the migration process and minimize manual effort. Which AWS service should they use?

A.AWS CloudEndure Migration

B.AWS DataSync

C.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)

AnswerC

DMS supports homogeneous and heterogeneous migrations.

Why this answer

AWS DMS can migrate SQL Server to RDS with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion. Option B is wrong because DataSync is for file data.

Option D is wrong because CloudEndure is for server migration.

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214

MCQhard

A company is migrating its on-premises data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The existing system uses PostgreSQL and has 10 TB of data. The migration must be completed within a 4-hour downtime window. The company has a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection. After starting the migration using AWS DMS with a full load and CDC, the full load takes 6 hours. What should the company do to meet the downtime window?

A.Configure multiple DMS tasks to load different tables in parallel.

B.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the data physically.

C.Reduce the amount of data by archiving older records.

D.Use AWS VPN instead of Direct Connect for higher bandwidth.

AnswerA

Parallelism improves speed.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because parallel loading increases throughput. Option A is wrong because reducing data is not feasible. Option B is wrong because VPN is slower.

Option D is wrong because Snowball adds latency and manual steps.

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215

MCQhard

Refer to the exhibit. A company is using AWS Migration Hub to track database migration tasks. The migration task for 'app-server-01' has failed. The progress update stream is 'DMS'. Which AWS service is most likely responsible for the migration failure?

A.AWS Application Migration Service (CloudEndure)

B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

C.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS)

D.AWS CloudEndure Migration

AnswerB

Correct: The stream name 'DMS' indicates DMS is the service.

Why this answer

The progress update stream 'DMS' indicates that the task is associated with AWS Database Migration Service (DMS). DMS is used for database migrations. AWS Application Migration Service (CloudEndure) would use a different stream.

Server Migration Service (SMS) is deprecated. CloudEndure and SMS are for server migration, not database.

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216

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a large Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which THREE steps should the company take?

Select 3 answers

A.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture (CDC) to replicate ongoing changes.

B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to perform the data migration.

C.Convert the Oracle database to PostgreSQL first, then use AWS DMS for a homogeneous migration.

D.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the Oracle schema to PostgreSQL-compatible schema.

E.Take the source Oracle database offline to ensure data consistency during the migration.

.Provision the Aurora PostgreSQL instance with sufficient compute and storage to handle the migration load.

AnswersA, D

DMS with CDC enables minimal downtime migration.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS can migrate data from Oracle to Aurora PostgreSQL with minimal downtime using change data capture (CDC). Option C is correct because increasing the DB instance size during migration can improve performance and reduce migration time. Option E is correct because AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) can convert the Oracle schema to PostgreSQL-compatible schema, which is necessary before migration.

Option B is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration. Option D is wrong because AWS DMS can convert data types on the fly; a homogeneous migration is not required. Option F is wrong because AWS DMS supports full load plus CDC, so you don't need to stop the source database.

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217

MCQmedium

A company is modernizing its legacy PHP application to run on AWS. The application is currently deployed on a single on-premises server with a LAMP stack. The company wants to use containerization to improve scalability and deployment speed. Which AWS service should be used to run the containers with minimal operational overhead?

A.AWS Lambda

B.Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate

C.Amazon EKS with Amazon EC2

D.Amazon ECS with Amazon EC2 launch type

AnswerB

Fargate is serverless containers, minimizing operational overhead.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Fargate runs containers without managing servers, reducing operational overhead. Option B is wrong because ECS with EC2 requires managing EC2 instances. Option C is wrong because EKS with EC2 also requires managing nodes.

Option D is wrong because Lambda is for serverless functions, not containers.

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218

MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy .NET Framework 4.8 application to AWS. The application uses Windows authentication integrated with Active Directory and relies on a shared file system for configuration files. The company wants to minimize operational overhead and use managed services. Which combination of AWS services should the company use to modernize the application?

A.AWS Managed Microsoft AD, Amazon EFS, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk for .NET on Windows

B.Amazon Cognito, Amazon RDS for SQL Server, and AWS Lambda

C.AWS Directory Service for Microsoft AD, Amazon S3, and AWS App Runner

D.AWS Managed Microsoft AD, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk for .NET on Windows

AnswerD

Managed AD provides authentication, FSx provides shared file system, and Elastic Beanstalk reduces operational overhead.

Why this answer

Option C is correct: AWS Managed Microsoft AD provides Windows authentication, FSx for Windows File Server provides a managed shared file system, and App Runner is not suitable for .NET; Elastic Beanstalk with Windows platform supports .NET and reduces overhead. Option A uses EFS which does not support Windows authentication natively. Option B uses RDS for SQL Server which is not needed.

Option D uses S3 which cannot replace a shared file system for Windows apps.

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219

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a legacy .NET Framework 4.7 application to AWS. The application uses Windows Server 2012 R2, IIS, and SQL Server 2014. The company wants to modernize the application to reduce licensing costs and operational overhead. Which THREE actions should the company take? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers

A.Upgrade SQL Server to the Standard Edition on the current on-premises server before migrating

B.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 Windows instances with SQL Server Web Edition

C.Rebuild the application on .NET Core and deploy on Amazon EC2 Linux instances

D.Containerize the application using Docker and deploy on Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate

E.Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server

AnswersB, C, E

SQL Server Web Edition has lower licensing costs than Standard/Enterprise.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and D are correct. Rehosting on EC2 with SQL Server Web Edition reduces licensing costs (A). Rebuilding on .NET Core allows cross-platform deployment on Linux (C).

Using RDS for SQL Server reduces operational overhead for database management (D). Option B (AWS Fargate) is not suitable for .NET Framework. Option E (SQL Server Standard) does not reduce licensing costs.

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220

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a .NET application from Windows Server to Linux on EC2. The application uses a proprietary COM+ component that cannot be recompiled. Which migration path should they take?

A.Rehost the application on Linux EC2 using Wine

B.Rehost the application on Windows Server EC2 instances

C.Refactor the COM+ component to a REST API

D.Replatform the application to .NET Core and run on Linux

AnswerB

Keeping the application on Windows Server EC2 avoids changes to the COM+ component.

Why this answer

Since the COM+ component cannot be recompiled and is Windows-specific, the only viable option is to remain on Windows using EC2 (Rehost). Option A (Replatform to .NET Core on Linux) is impossible because COM+ does not run on Linux. Option B (Refactor the component) violates the constraint.

Option D (Rehost using Linux) is invalid.

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221

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application requires a relational database with read replicas for reporting. The company wants to minimize operational overhead. Which TWO database services meet these requirements?

Select 2 answers

A.Amazon DynamoDB

B.Amazon Redshift

C.Amazon Aurora

D.Amazon RDS for MySQL

E.Amazon ElastiCache

AnswersC, D

Managed relational with up to 15 read replicas.

Why this answer

Amazon Aurora is a MySQL- and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud, combining the performance and availability of high-end commercial databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-source databases. It supports up to 15 low-latency read replicas, which can be used for reporting workloads, and it automates time-consuming tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups, thereby minimizing operational overhead.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse Amazon RDS for MySQL (Option D) as the only correct relational database with read replicas, but Amazon Aurora is also correct because it is a fully managed relational database that natively supports read replicas with lower operational overhead than standard RDS.

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222

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating an on-premises data center to AWS. The company has a large amount of data (50 TB) that needs to be transferred quickly. The internet connection is limited to 100 Mbps. Which TWO methods should the solutions architect consider for the initial data transfer? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Use a VPN connection and rsync

B.Use AWS Snowball Edge devices to ship the data

C.Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection

D.Use AWS DataSync to transfer data over the internet

E.Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration

AnswersB, D

Correct: Offline transfer bypasses bandwidth limitations.

Why this answer

AWS Snowball Edge is a physical device for offline data transfer, suitable for large data over slow networks. AWS DataSync can transfer data over the internet but is limited by bandwidth; however, it can be used for incremental transfers after initial load. Direct Connect may take time to provision.

VPN is slow. S3 Transfer Acceleration speeds up transfers over the internet but still limited by bandwidth.

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223

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a legacy batch processing system to AWS. The batch jobs run on a schedule and process files from an FTP server. The company wants a serverless solution. Which THREE AWS services should be combined to implement the solution?

Select 3 answers

A.Amazon EventBridge (CloudWatch Events)

B.Amazon EC2 with Auto Scaling

C.AWS Lambda

D.Amazon S3

E.Amazon Simple Workflow Service (SWF)

AnswersA, C, D

EventBridge can trigger Lambda on a schedule.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. Option A (EventBridge) schedules events. Option B (Lambda) processes files.

Option D (S3) stores files. Option C is wrong because EC2 is not serverless. Option E is wrong because SWF is a workflow service for long-running tasks.

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224

MCQmedium

A company is migrating its data warehouse from on-premises to Amazon Redshift. The current on-premises data warehouse runs on a proprietary MPP system. The company wants to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. The company has a large volume of historical data (30 TB) and daily incremental updates of 10 GB. Which migration approach should the company use?

A.Use AWS Snowball to transfer the historical data to Amazon S3, then use AWS DMS with ongoing CDC to replicate incremental changes until cutover

B.Use an ETL tool to extract data from the source and load directly into Amazon Redshift during a maintenance window

C.Perform a full export of the on-premises database to flat files, transfer them over the network, and load into Amazon Redshift

D.Use AWS DMS with full load only, then schedule a downtime window for the final sync

AnswerA

Correct. Snowball handles large historical data transfer efficiently, and DMS CDC keeps the target updated with minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Using AWS DMS with CDC for incremental data allows zero-downtime migration by keeping the target in sync. A bulk export/import approach requires downtime for the final load. Using Snowball for historical data and DMS for incremental updates is efficient for large datasets.

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225

MCQeasy

A company plans to migrate 50 on-premises virtual machines (VMs) to AWS. The migration must be completed within 2 weeks. The VMs run various operating systems and have a total data size of 10 TB. The company has a low-bandwidth internet connection (50 Mbps). Which migration approach minimizes the time to transfer the data?

A.Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection to increase bandwidth

B.Create a VPN tunnel to AWS and use rsync to copy the data

C.Use AWS Application Migration Service to replicate the VMs continuously

D.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the VM images physically

AnswerD

Correct: Snowball Edge can transfer 10 TB quickly via physical shipment.

Why this answer

AWS Snowball Edge is a physical device that can handle large data transfers over low-bandwidth connections. AWS Application Migration Service relies on network replication, which would be too slow. Direct Connect would require longer setup time.

VPN is also network-based and slow.

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