Question 548 of 1,705
Network DesigneasyMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Troubleshooting NAT Gateway: Ensure Public Subnet Has Internet Gateway Route

This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network design. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. A key principle to apply: nAT Gateway. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company has a VPC with an IPv4 CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16. They have two subnets: a public subnet (10.0.1.0/24) and a private subnet (10.0.2.0/24). They launch an EC2 instance in the private subnet that needs to download software updates from the internet. The company configures a NAT gateway in the public subnet and adds a route in the private subnet's route table pointing 0.0.0.0/0 to the NAT gateway. The NAT gateway is assigned an Elastic IP address. However, the EC2 instance cannot reach the internet. The security group for the EC2 instance allows all outbound traffic. What is the MOST likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The public subnet's route table does not have a route to an internet gateway.

Option C is correct. The NAT gateway is in the public subnet, but the public subnet's route table must have a route to an internet gateway (0.0.0.0/0 -> IGW) for the NAT gateway to forward traffic to the internet. Without that route, the NAT gateway cannot communicate with the internet. Option A is incorrect because NAT gateways do not use security groups. Option B is incorrect because the NAT gateway has an Elastic IP and is properly allocated; the issue is not with the Elastic IP. Option D is incorrect because the private subnet's route table already has a route to the NAT gateway (0.0.0.0/0 -> NAT), which is correctly configured.

Key principle: NAT Gateway

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The NAT gateway is not associated with a security group that allows outbound traffic.

    Why it's wrong here

    Incorrect. NAT gateways do not require or support security groups. They rely on route tables and network ACLs.

  • The NAT gateway's Elastic IP address is not properly allocated.

    Why it's wrong here

    Incorrect. The NAT gateway has an Elastic IP assigned and is properly allocated. The Elastic IP being assigned does not cause the issue.

  • The public subnet's route table does not have a route to an internet gateway.

    Why this is correct

    Correct. The public subnet's route table must have a route to an internet gateway (IGW) for the NAT gateway to send traffic to the internet. Without this route, the NAT gateway is unable to forward packets from the private subnet to the internet.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    NAT Gateway

  • The private subnet's route table does not have a route to the NAT gateway.

    Why it's wrong here

    Incorrect. The private subnet's route table already has a route to the NAT gateway (0.0.0.0/0 pointing to the NAT gateway), so this is not the problem.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Treat this as a scenario question. Identify the problem, the constraint, and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • NAT Gateway
  • Internet Gateway (IGW)
  • Route Table
  • Public and Private Subnets

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

NAT Gateway

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

Visual reference

Inside (Private) PC-A 10.0.0.1 PC-B 10.0.0.2 NAT Router Outside (Public) 203.0.113.1 Inside Global Server PAT: many private IPs share one public IP via unique port numbers

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review nAT Gateway, then practise related ANS-C01 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this ANS-C01 question test?

Network Design — This question tests Network Design — NAT Gateway.

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The public subnet's route table does not have a route to an internet gateway. — Option C is correct. The NAT gateway is in the public subnet, but the public subnet's route table must have a route to an internet gateway (0.0.0.0/0 -> IGW) for the NAT gateway to forward traffic to the internet. Without that route, the NAT gateway cannot communicate with the internet. Option A is incorrect because NAT gateways do not use security groups. Option B is incorrect because the NAT gateway has an Elastic IP and is properly allocated; the issue is not with the Elastic IP. Option D is incorrect because the private subnet's route table already has a route to the NAT gateway (0.0.0.0/0 -> NAT), which is correctly configured.

What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?

Review nAT Gateway, then practise related ANS-C01 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

NAT Gateway

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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026

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This ANS-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the ANS-C01 exam.