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Network Management and Operations →mediumMultiple SelectObjective-mapped

ANS-C01 Network Management and Operations Practice Question

This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network management and operations. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company is deploying a new application across multiple Availability Zones in a VPC. The application needs to be highly available and must handle traffic from both internal users and external customers. Which TWO options should the network team implement to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A
Attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC.
Why wrong: Incorrect. An Internet Gateway is a VPC-level component that allows communication between the VPC and the internet; it is already attached to the VPC and does not provide traffic distribution across AZs.
B
Use a Network Load Balancer to distribute traffic across AZs.
Why wrong: Incorrect. While an NLB can distribute traffic across AZs, the scenario likely involves HTTP/HTTPS traffic (common for web applications), making the ALB in option E the more appropriate choice for layer 7 load balancing.
C
Provision a NAT Gateway in each AZ for outbound connectivity from private subnets.
Correct. A NAT Gateway in each AZ ensures that instances in private subnets can initiate outbound traffic to the internet without a single point of failure, fulfilling high availability requirements.
D
Create a single NAT Gateway in one AZ for outbound traffic.
Why wrong: Incorrect. A single NAT Gateway creates a single point of failure; if its AZ experiences an outage, outbound connectivity is lost.
E
Deploy an Application Load Balancer in each public subnet across multiple AZs.
Correct. Deploying an ALB in each public subnet across multiple AZs provides high availability and fault tolerance by distributing incoming traffic across healthy targets in multiple AZs.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Provision a NAT Gateway in each AZ for outbound connectivity from private subnets.

Option C is correct because provisioning a NAT Gateway in each AZ allows instances in private subnets to initiate outbound traffic to the internet without relying on a single AZ, thus providing high availability and fault tolerance. Option E is correct because deploying an Application Load Balancer in each public subnet across multiple AZs ensures that the ALB can route traffic to healthy targets across AZs, providing high availability and fault tolerance for incoming client traffic. Option A is incorrect because an Internet Gateway is a VPC-level component that allows communication between the VPC and the internet; it is not something that needs to be 'attached' per se (it's already attached to the VPC), and it does not handle traffic distribution across AZs. Option B is incorrect because a Network Load Balancer is suitable for TCP/UDP traffic, but the question does not specify protocol requirements; however, the primary reason it is not the best choice is that the requirement for high availability is better met with an Application Load Balancer for HTTP/HTTPS traffic, and the option says 'use a Network Load Balancer to distribute traffic across AZs' which is not the best fit for typical web applications. Option D is incorrect because a single NAT Gateway in one AZ creates a single point of failure; if that AZ goes down, outbound connectivity is lost.

Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. An Internet Gateway is a VPC-level component that allows communication between the VPC and the internet; it is already attached to the VPC and does not provide traffic distribution across AZs.
✗
Use a Network Load Balancer to distribute traffic across AZs.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. While an NLB can distribute traffic across AZs, the scenario likely involves HTTP/HTTPS traffic (common for web applications), making the ALB in option E the more appropriate choice for layer 7 load balancing.
✓
Provision a NAT Gateway in each AZ for outbound connectivity from private subnets.
Why this is correct
Correct. A NAT Gateway in each AZ ensures that instances in private subnets can initiate outbound traffic to the internet without a single point of failure, fulfilling high availability requirements.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
✗
Create a single NAT Gateway in one AZ for outbound traffic.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. A single NAT Gateway creates a single point of failure; if its AZ experiences an outage, outbound connectivity is lost.
✓
Deploy an Application Load Balancer in each public subnet across multiple AZs.
Why this is correct
Correct. Deploying an ALB in each public subnet across multiple AZs provides high availability and fault tolerance by distributing incoming traffic across healthy targets in multiple AZs.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses

Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.

Trap categories for this question

Scenario analysis trap
Incorrect. While an NLB can distribute traffic across AZs, the scenario likely involves HTTP/HTTPS traffic (common for web applications), making the ALB in option E the more appropriate choice for layer 7 load balancing.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.

KKey Concepts to Remember

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.

TExam Day Tips

Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.

Key takeaway

Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

An e-commerce site experiences heavy traffic on Black Friday and near-zero traffic during off-peak weeks. Rather than provisioning permanent large VMs, the team uses auto-scaling groups that add capacity automatically under load and reduce it overnight. Questions like this test whether you understand elasticity, availability zones, and cloud compute scaling patterns.

Visual reference

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related ANS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this ANS-C01 question test?

Network Management and Operations — This question tests Network Management and Operations — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Provision a NAT Gateway in each AZ for outbound connectivity from private subnets. — Option C is correct because provisioning a NAT Gateway in each AZ allows instances in private subnets to initiate outbound traffic to the internet without relying on a single AZ, thus providing high availability and fault tolerance. Option E is correct because deploying an Application Load Balancer in each public subnet across multiple AZs ensures that the ALB can route traffic to healthy targets across AZs, providing high availability and fault tolerance for incoming client traffic. Option A is incorrect because an Internet Gateway is a VPC-level component that allows communication between the VPC and the internet; it is not something that needs to be 'attached' per se (it's already attached to the VPC), and it does not handle traffic distribution across AZs. Option B is incorrect because a Network Load Balancer is suitable for TCP/UDP traffic, but the question does not specify protocol requirements; however, the primary reason it is not the best choice is that the requirement for high availability is better met with an Application Load Balancer for HTTP/HTTPS traffic, and the option says 'use a Network Load Balancer to distribute traffic across AZs' which is not the best fit for typical web applications. Option D is incorrect because a single NAT Gateway in one AZ creates a single point of failure; if that AZ goes down, outbound connectivity is lost.

What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

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