The correct answer is a dedicated inspection VPC for the security appliance, a Transit Gateway, and appliance VPC route tables that route traffic through the appliance. These three components work together because the Transit Gateway acts as a central hub to interconnect all VPCs, while the dedicated inspection VPC hosts the third-party appliance in an isolated environment, and the route tables within that inspection VPC force all inter-VPC traffic to pass through the appliance for inspection. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of centralized traffic inspection patterns, often appearing as a multi-select question where VPC Peering is a common distractor—it cannot provide centralized inspection because it creates only point-to-point connections. A NAT Gateway is also a trap, as it handles outbound internet traffic, not east-west VPC traffic. Memory tip: think “TIA” for Transit Gateway, Inspection VPC, and Appliance routes—the three pillars of centralized inspection.
ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company wants to inspect traffic between VPCs in the same region using a third-party security appliance. Which THREE components are needed? (Choose 3)
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
AWS Transit Gateway
Options A, C, and D are correct. A Transit Gateway is needed to interconnect VPCs. The security appliance must be in a dedicated VPC. Appliance VPC route tables must route traffic through the appliance. Option B is wrong because VPC Peering cannot do centralized inspection. Option E is wrong because NAT Gateway is for outbound internet, not inter-VPC inspection.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
VPC Peering connections between all VPCs
Why it's wrong here
VPC Peering does not support centralized inspection.
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✓
Route tables in the inspection VPC directing traffic through the appliance
Why this is correct
Routes ensure traffic passes through the appliance.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✓
A dedicated inspection VPC for the security appliance
Why this is correct
Inspection VPC hosts the appliance.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: AWS Transit Gateway — Options A, C, and D are correct. A Transit Gateway is needed to interconnect VPCs. The security appliance must be in a dedicated VPC. Appliance VPC route tables must route traffic through the appliance. Option B is wrong because VPC Peering cannot do centralized inspection. Option E is wrong because NAT Gateway is for outbound internet, not inter-VPC inspection.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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