- A
Configure an AWS WAF web ACL and associate it with the internet gateway.
Why wrong: WAF protects web applications, not network-layer traffic inspection.
- B
Deploy the Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and use a VPC peering or transit gateway to route traffic from the workload VPC to the inspection VPC.
A centralized inspection VPC allows the firewall to inspect traffic without being in the workload VPC.
- C
Enable VPC Flow Logs on the private subnets to monitor traffic.
Why wrong: Flow logs monitor but do not enforce routing through the firewall.
- D
Configure the private subnet route table in the workload VPC to route 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the Network Firewall endpoint.
This forces all internet-bound traffic from private subnets to the firewall.
- E
Create an internet gateway in the workload VPC and attach it to the private subnets.
Why wrong: Private subnets cannot have an internet gateway; they route through a NAT gateway or firewall.
Quick Answer
The correct actions are to configure the private subnet route table in the workload VPC to route 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the Network Firewall endpoint and to deploy the firewall within a dedicated inspection VPC connected via a transit gateway. This architecture enforces centralized traffic inspection by forcing all outbound traffic from the workload VPC through the inspection VPC, where the AWS Network Firewall can inspect and filter it before it reaches the internet. The transit gateway provides transitive routing between VPCs, ensuring that no direct internet-bound path exists from the workload VPC, thus preventing bypass. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how to design a hub-and-spoke inspection model using AWS Network Firewall and transit gateway, with a common trap being the mistaken belief that a NAT gateway or internet gateway alone provides inspection. Remember the memory tip: "Inspect the hub, not the spoke" — always route default traffic to the firewall endpoint in the inspection VPC, never directly to an internet gateway.
ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The security team wants to inspect all traffic between the private subnets and the internet using a centralized inspection VPC. The company uses AWS Network Firewall and wants to ensure that traffic cannot bypass the firewall. Which TWO actions should the company take? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Deploy the Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and use a VPC peering or transit gateway to route traffic from the workload VPC to the inspection VPC.
Option B is correct because deploying AWS Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and using a transit gateway (or VPC peering) allows centralized traffic inspection. This architecture ensures that all traffic between the workload VPC and the internet is routed through the inspection VPC, preventing bypass. The transit gateway enables transitive routing, while VPC peering can also be used with proper route table entries to force traffic through the firewall.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Configure an AWS WAF web ACL and associate it with the internet gateway.
Why it's wrong here
WAF protects web applications, not network-layer traffic inspection.
- ✓
Deploy the Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and use a VPC peering or transit gateway to route traffic from the workload VPC to the inspection VPC.
Why this is correct
A centralized inspection VPC allows the firewall to inspect traffic without being in the workload VPC.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Enable VPC Flow Logs on the private subnets to monitor traffic.
Why it's wrong here
Flow logs monitor but do not enforce routing through the firewall.
- ✓
Configure the private subnet route table in the workload VPC to route 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the Network Firewall endpoint.
Why this is correct
This forces all internet-bound traffic from private subnets to the firewall.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Create an internet gateway in the workload VPC and attach it to the private subnets.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse AWS WAF with Network Firewall, thinking WAF can inspect all network traffic, when in fact WAF only inspects HTTP/HTTPS traffic at the application layer and cannot inspect non-web protocols like SSH, RDP, or custom TCP/UDP traffic.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
AWS Network Firewall is a managed stateful firewall that can inspect traffic at layers 3-7. When deployed in a centralized inspection VPC, traffic is forced through the firewall using route tables that point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the firewall endpoint (e.g., a Network Firewall endpoint or a transit gateway attachment). The firewall uses Suricata-compatible rules for intrusion prevention and can handle asymmetric routing by enforcing stateful inspection. In real-world scenarios, this architecture is critical for compliance with standards like PCI DSS, where all internet-bound traffic must pass through a controlled inspection point.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this ANS-C01 question test?
Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy the Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and use a VPC peering or transit gateway to route traffic from the workload VPC to the inspection VPC. — Option B is correct because deploying AWS Network Firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC and using a transit gateway (or VPC peering) allows centralized traffic inspection. This architecture ensures that all traffic between the workload VPC and the internet is routed through the inspection VPC, preventing bypass. The transit gateway enables transitive routing, while VPC peering can also be used with proper route table entries to force traffic through the firewall.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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