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Network Security, Compliance and Governance →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question

This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company is designing a network security architecture for a multi-tier application. The web tier must be accessible from the internet, while the application and database tiers must be isolated. The security team wants to minimize the attack surface. Which design should they choose?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

Clue: "minimum / minimize"
Why it matters: Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.

Question 1mediummultiple choice

Full question →

A
Place the web tier in public subnets with an internet gateway, and the app and DB tiers in private subnets. Use security groups to allow traffic only from the web tier to the app tier and from the app tier to the DB tier.
This follows the principle of least privilege and isolation.
B
Place all tiers in private subnets and use a NAT gateway for internet access.
Why wrong: Web tier needs direct internet access, not NAT.
C
Place all tiers in the same subnet and use a single security group for all instances.
Why wrong: No isolation, single security group is too permissive.
D
Place all tiers in public subnets and use network ACLs to restrict inbound traffic to the app and DB tiers.
Why wrong: NACLs are not as granular as security groups and public subnets expose them.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Place the web tier in public subnets with an internet gateway, and the app and DB tiers in private subnets. Use security groups to allow traffic only from the web tier to the app tier and from the app tier to the DB tier.

Using public subnets for web tier and private subnets for app and DB tiers, with security groups to control traffic, is best practice. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because NACLs are stateless and less flexible than security groups for traffic filtering. Option C is wrong because putting all tiers in public subnets increases attack surface. Option D is wrong because using one security group for all tiers violates least privilege.

Key principle: Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✓
Place the web tier in public subnets with an internet gateway, and the app and DB tiers in private subnets. Use security groups to allow traffic only from the web tier to the app tier and from the app tier to the DB tier.
Why this is correct
This follows the principle of least privilege and isolation.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "minimum / minimize" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Authentication checks who the user is.
✗
Place all tiers in private subnets and use a NAT gateway for internet access.
Why it's wrong here
Web tier needs direct internet access, not NAT.
✗
Place all tiers in the same subnet and use a single security group for all instances.
Why it's wrong here
No isolation, single security group is too permissive.
✗
Place all tiers in public subnets and use network ACLs to restrict inbound traffic to the app and DB tiers.
Why it's wrong here
NACLs are not as granular as security groups and public subnets expose them.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: authentication is not authorization

Logging in proves the user can authenticate. It does not automatically mean the user is allowed to enter privileged or configuration mode. Watch for AAA authorization, privilege level and command authorization details.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

This kind of question is testing the difference between identity and permission. A user may successfully log in to a router because authentication is working, but still fail to enter configuration mode because authorization is missing, misconfigured or mapped to a lower privilege level.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Authentication checks who the user is.
Authorization controls what the user is allowed to do after login.
Privilege levels affect access to EXEC and configuration commands.
AAA, TACACS+ and RADIUS can separate login success from command access.

TExam Day Tips

Do not assume successful login means full administrative access.
Look for words such as cannot enter configuration mode, privilege level, authorization or command access.
Separate login problems from permission problems before choosing the answer.

Key takeaway

Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related ANS-C01 questions on access control and AAA configuration.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this ANS-C01 question test?

Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — Authentication checks who the user is..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Place the web tier in public subnets with an internet gateway, and the app and DB tiers in private subnets. Use security groups to allow traffic only from the web tier to the app tier and from the app tier to the DB tier. — Using public subnets for web tier and private subnets for app and DB tiers, with security groups to control traffic, is best practice. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because NACLs are stateless and less flexible than security groups for traffic filtering. Option C is wrong because putting all tiers in public subnets increases attack surface. Option D is wrong because using one security group for all tiers violates least privilege.

What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "minimum / minimize". Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Authentication checks who the user is.

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