SC-100 Practice Test 4 — 25 Questions

Question 1

A security architect needs to design a solution that provides a unified view of security alerts from multiple clouds (Azure, AWS, GCP) and on-premises systems. The solution must also support automated response using playbooks. Which Microsoft service should they use?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Sentinel. Microsoft Sentinel is the correct choice because it is a cloud-native SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) and SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) solution that ingests security alerts from multiple clouds (Azure, AWS, GCP) and on-premises systems via connectors. It supports automated response through playbooks built on Azure Logic Apps, enabling unified alert management and remediation workflows.

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Microsoft Defender XDR

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud

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Microsoft Purview

Question 2

A company plans to implement a Zero Trust architecture using Microsoft security solutions. They want to ensure that all access to corporate resources is verified explicitly, uses least privilege, and assumes breach. Which Microsoft service should be the central policy engine for enforcing conditional access decisions?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access. Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access is the correct central policy engine because it directly enforces Zero Trust principles by evaluating signals (user, device, location, risk) in real time to grant or block access. It acts as the policy decision point (PDP) that enforces explicit verification, least privilege, and assumes breach by requiring continuous authentication and authorization for every access request.

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud

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Microsoft Sentinel

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Microsoft Intune

Question 3

A company uses Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to protect endpoints. They want to configure attack surface reduction rules to block executable files from running unless they meet a specific prevalence, age, or trust level. Which ASR rule should they enable?

Accepted Answer

Block executable files from running unless they meet a prevalence, age, or trusted list criteria. The ASR rule 'Block executable files from running unless they meet a prevalence, age, or trusted list criteria' (GUID: 01443614-cd74-433a-b99e-2ecdc07bfc25) is specifically designed to block executables that do not meet Microsoft's cloud-based prevalence, age, or trustworthiness criteria. This rule uses the Microsoft Intelligent Security Graph to evaluate files against global telemetry, blocking those that are new, rare, or unsigned, which directly matches the requirement to block executables based on prevalence, age, or trust level.

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Block Office communication application from creating child processes

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Block credential stealing from the Windows local security authority subsystem

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Block untrusted and unsigned processes that run from USB

Question 4

Your organization uses Microsoft Defender XDR to correlate alerts across endpoints, email, and identities. You need to create a custom detection rule that triggers when a user receives a phishing email and then attempts to log in from a new location. Which approach should you use?

Accepted Answer

Use Advanced Hunting to create a custom detection rule. Advanced Hunting in Microsoft Defender XDR allows you to write Kusto Query Language (KQL) queries that correlate events across multiple data tables (e.g., EmailEvents, IdentityLogonEvents). You can then create a custom detection rule from that query, which will trigger an alert when a user receives a phishing email and subsequently logs in from a new location, enabling cross-domain correlation within Defender XDR.

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Create a custom detection rule in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

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Use an automation rule in Microsoft Defender XDR

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Create an analytics rule in Microsoft Sentinel

Question 5

Your organization uses Microsoft Purview and needs to prevent users from copying sensitive data to USB drives. Which solution should you implement?

Accepted Answer

Endpoint data loss prevention (DLP). Endpoint DLP is the correct solution because it extends data loss prevention policies to endpoints, enabling the detection and blocking of sensitive data being copied to removable USB drives. Unlike other controls, Endpoint DLP can monitor and restrict data exfiltration actions at the device level, such as copying files to USB media, based on the content's sensitivity classification.

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Sensitivity labels with encryption

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Insider Risk Management

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Communication Compliance

Question 6

Your organization uses Microsoft Defender for Cloud to assess the security posture of Azure resources. The security team wants to prioritize remediation of high-severity findings based on the greatest potential business impact. Which security policy or framework should you configure to align remediation with business priorities?

Accepted Answer

Enable the Regulatory Compliance dashboard. The Regulatory Compliance dashboard in Microsoft Defender for Cloud allows you to map security controls to specific regulatory standards (e.g., SOC 2, ISO 27001, PCI DSS) and track compliance posture. By selecting a framework that aligns with your organization's business obligations (e.g., a standard required by customers or regulators), you can prioritize remediation of high-severity findings based on the greatest potential business impact, such as fines or loss of certification.

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Use the Azure Security Benchmark initiative

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Set up workflow automation for high-severity findings

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Configure the Secure Score dashboard

Question 7

Your organization uses Microsoft Defender XDR for detection and response. You need to create a custom detection rule that alerts when a user performs more than 10 failed sign-ins from different countries within 5 minutes. Which component should you use?

Accepted Answer

Custom detection rule in Microsoft 365 Defender. Custom detection rules in Microsoft 365 Defender allow you to define advanced hunting queries that trigger alerts based on specific event patterns, such as more than 10 failed sign-ins from different countries within 5 minutes. This is the correct component because it operates directly on data within the Defender XDR ecosystem (e.g., AADSignInEventsBeta) without requiring data ingestion into Sentinel.

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Automation rule in Microsoft Sentinel

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Analytics rule in Microsoft Sentinel

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Attack simulation training

Question 8

Your organization is implementing Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access. You need to require multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing financial applications, but only when the sign-in risk is medium or higher. What is the most efficient way to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Create a Conditional Access policy that targets the financial applications, uses sign-in risk as a condition, and requires MFA. It uses a single Conditional Access policy to target the specific financial applications and sets the sign-in risk condition to medium or higher, which triggers MFA only when the risk threshold is met. This approach is efficient as it avoids per-user MFA configuration and leverages Microsoft Entra ID Protection's risk detection to dynamically enforce MFA based on real-time sign-in risk, aligning with the principle of adaptive access control.

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Create a Microsoft Entra ID Protection user risk policy to require MFA

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Enable MFA per user for all users in the financial team

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Create a Conditional Access policy that targets all users, includes a named location, and requires MFA

Question 9

Your organization uses Microsoft Sentinel as a SIEM. The security team wants to use Microsoft Copilot for Security to assist in incident investigation. You need to ensure that Copilot can access Sentinel data while meeting compliance requirements. Which integration should you configure?

Accepted Answer

Enable Microsoft Copilot for Security plugin for Sentinel. The Microsoft Copilot for Security plugin for Sentinel is the correct integration because it enables Copilot to directly query and analyze Sentinel data through a native, compliant connection. This plugin uses Sentinel's API and role-based access control (RBAC) to ensure that Copilot only accesses data the user is authorized to see, meeting compliance requirements without additional data movement.

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Deploy a playbook to query Sentinel data

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Enable Sentinel's Threat Intelligence connectors

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Use Microsoft Defender for Cloud

Question 10

A company uses Azure DevOps for CI/CD. The security team wants to ensure that secrets like API keys and connection strings are never stored in code repositories. Which best practice should they recommend?

Accepted Answer

Use Azure Key Vault references in Azure DevOps variable groups. Azure Key Vault references in Azure DevOps variable groups allow secrets to be securely linked to pipelines without ever storing them in code repositories. At pipeline runtime, the agent retrieves the secret value directly from Azure Key Vault using a managed identity or service principal, ensuring secrets are never exposed in YAML files, logs, or build artifacts.

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Use environment variables in the pipeline YAML

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Encrypt secrets using Git-secret and commit to repo

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Store secrets in Azure App Configuration with encryption

Question 11

A company uses Microsoft Purview to manage data governance. They need to classify sensitive data automatically in Azure SQL Database. What should they configure?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Purview Data Map scanning rules. Microsoft Purview Data Map scanning rules are the correct choice because they enable automated classification of sensitive data in Azure SQL Database by scanning the database schema and content against built-in or custom sensitive data types. This is the native mechanism within Purview to discover and label sensitive columns, such as credit card numbers or PII, directly in Azure SQL Database.

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud regulatory compliance

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Microsoft Sentinel data connectors

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Microsoft Entra ID Protection

Question 12

A company uses Microsoft Entra ID Governance. They need to automate the process of granting access to a SaaS application based on the user's department attribute. Which feature should they use?

Accepted Answer

Entitlement management. Entitlement management in Microsoft Entra ID Governance allows you to create access packages that define collections of resources (like SaaS apps) and policies for who can request access. By configuring a dynamic membership rule based on the user's department attribute, you can automate granting access to the SaaS application without manual intervention. This directly meets the requirement to automate access based on a user attribute.

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Lifecycle workflows

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Access reviews

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Privileged identity management

Question 13

Your organization is adopting Microsoft Entra ID as the identity provider for all SaaS applications. The security team wants to enforce multifactor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing these applications. Which approach aligns with security best practices and minimizes user friction?

Accepted Answer

Create a Conditional Access policy requiring MFA for all cloud apps, excluding trusted locations and devices.. Conditional Access policies allow granular, risk-based MFA enforcement that excludes trusted locations (e.g., corporate offices) and trusted devices (e.g., compliant or hybrid-joined devices). This aligns with the Zero Trust principle of 'verify explicitly' while minimizing user friction by not prompting for MFA when the user is already in a trusted context. Security defaults (Option C) enforce MFA for all users but lack the ability to exclude trusted locations or devices, which can cause unnecessary friction.

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Enable per-user MFA for all users in Microsoft Entra ID.

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Disable MFA and rely on strong password policies.

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Enable Microsoft Entra ID Security defaults.

Question 14

A healthcare organization is using Microsoft Purview to govern its data estate. They have multiple Azure Data Lake Storage accounts and Azure SQL Databases. They need to classify sensitive data such as patient health information (PHI) and apply protection automatically when data is exported from these sources to an external location. The organization also wants to prevent unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data in Azure SQL Database by using built-in security features. The compliance team requires that any access to sensitive data be logged and auditable. You need to design a solution that meets these requirements. What should you implement?

Accepted Answer

Use Microsoft Purview to scan and classify data. Auto-apply sensitivity labels. Implement Azure AD authentication and row-level security in Azure SQL Database. Enable auditing and send to Log Analytics.. Microsoft Purview can scan data sources like Azure Data Lake Storage and Azure SQL Database, classify sensitive data such as PHI, and auto-apply sensitivity labels. Azure SQL Database supports Azure AD authentication and row-level security (RLS) to restrict access to sensitive data based on user identity. Auditing logs can be sent to Log Analytics for compliance. Option B is incorrect because it requires manual labeling and does not use row-level security. Option C uses Defender for Cloud (not Purview) and Always Encrypted (which does not prevent access to authorized users). Option D uses data masking (obfuscation) rather than access control and lacks auto-labeling and auditing integration.

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Use Microsoft Purview to scan and classify data. Apply sensitivity labels manually. Configure Azure SQL Database firewall to block all but admin. Use Azure SQL auditing.

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Use Microsoft Defender for Cloud to identify sensitive data. Implement Azure SQL Database always encrypted. Use Azure Monitor to log queries.

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Use Microsoft Purview to classify data. Apply data masking in Azure SQL Database for PHI columns. Use Azure SQL Database threat detection.

Question 15

You are designing a security solution for a hybrid identity environment that uses Microsoft Entra ID and on-premises Active Directory. The company wants to enforce Zero Trust principles by continuously verifying user access. Which feature should you implement?

Accepted Answer

Implement Conditional Access policies that evaluate session risk in real time using continuous access evaluation. Continuous access evaluation (CAE) is the correct feature because it enforces Zero Trust by evaluating access decisions in real time when critical events occur (e.g., user risk changes, device compliance loss, or token revocation), rather than relying on token lifetime. This ensures that session risk is continuously verified, aligning with the Zero Trust principle of 'never trust, always verify'.

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Implement Microsoft Entra Hybrid Join for all devices

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Implement Microsoft Entra Seamless Single Sign-On

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Implement Microsoft Entra ID Protection to require multi-factor authentication for all users

Question 16

Your organization is implementing a zero-trust security model and needs to ensure that all access to cloud resources is verified in real-time. You plan to use Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access. Which policy component enforces real-time verification of user identity and device compliance before granting access?

Accepted Answer

Conditional Access policy with conditions and grant controls. Conditional Access policies with conditions and grant controls enforce real-time verification by evaluating signals such as user identity, device compliance (via Microsoft Intune), and location before allowing access to cloud resources. The grant controls block or require multi-factor authentication (MFA) or device compliance, ensuring zero-trust principles of explicit verification and least privilege.

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Enable Microsoft Secure Score

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Use Azure AD Application Proxy

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Assign users and groups to the policy

Question 17

Your organization uses Microsoft Intune for mobile device management. You need to ensure that only devices compliant with security policies can access corporate email. What should you implement?

Accepted Answer

Conditional Access policy requiring compliant device. A is correct because a Conditional Access policy in Microsoft Entra ID can evaluate device compliance status reported by Intune before granting access to corporate email. By configuring a policy that requires a device to be marked as compliant, only devices that meet your security policies (e.g., encryption, OS version, threat level) will be allowed to authenticate and access email. This directly enforces the requirement that only compliant devices can access corporate email.

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Microsoft Purview Data Lifecycle Management

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Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration

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Microsoft Intune App Protection Policies

Question 18

A company is deploying Azure SQL Database with Azure Active Directory authentication for their application. They want to ensure that only specific Azure AD users can access the database, and that these users are authenticated at the database level. What should they do?

Accepted Answer

Create contained database users mapped to Azure AD identities. Contained database users in Azure SQL Database are authenticated directly at the database level using Azure AD identities, without requiring a server-level login. This allows you to grant access to specific Azure AD users or groups while enforcing authentication within the database itself, aligning with the requirement for database-level authentication.

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Create a server-level login for each user

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Assign the Azure AD admin to the SQL server

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Configure firewall rules to allow specific IPs

Question 19

Your organization wants to implement a security baseline for Azure resources using built-in policies. Which Azure service should you use to assign policies that enforce compliance with security best practices?

Accepted Answer

Azure Policy. Azure Policy is the correct service because it allows you to create, assign, and manage policies that enforce specific rules and effects on your Azure resources. These policies can be used to implement a security baseline by ensuring resources comply with built-in security best practices, such as requiring encryption or restricting resource types. Azure Policy evaluates resources against assigned policies and can automatically remediate non-compliant resources.

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Azure Blueprints

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Microsoft Defender for Cloud

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Azure Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Question 20

A company uses Microsoft Intune to manage devices. They want to ensure that only devices that have passed health attestation can access corporate email. Which method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Create a device compliance policy for health attestation and use Conditional Access to require compliant devices. It combines a device compliance policy that evaluates health attestation (e.g., BitLocker status, Secure Boot, code integrity) with a Conditional Access policy that grants access to corporate email only when the device is marked as compliant. This is the standard Microsoft approach for enforcing health attestation before granting access to cloud resources like Exchange Online.

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Use Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to block devices that fail health attestation

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Create an app protection policy to require device health attestation

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Create a device configuration policy to enforce health attestation