SC-100 Practice Exam 1 — 20 Questions

Question 1

A company needs to design a secure DevOps pipeline using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Defender for Cloud. They want to scan infrastructure-as-code (IaC) templates for misconfigurations before deployment. What should they integrate?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Infrastructure as Code scanning. Microsoft Defender for Cloud includes a native Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scanning capability that integrates directly with GitHub Actions. This feature automatically analyzes IaC templates (such as ARM, Bicep, Terraform, and CloudFormation) for security misconfigurations during the CI/CD pipeline, providing pre-deployment guardrails. By failing the pipeline on critical findings, it ensures only compliant infrastructure is deployed, aligning with the secure DevOps principle of shifting security left.

Answer

Microsoft Purview Compliance Manager

Answer

Microsoft Sentinel

Answer

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps

Question 2

Your organization is migrating to Microsoft 365 and wants to implement a data classification strategy. The compliance team needs to automatically detect and label documents containing personal data (e.g., Social Security numbers) in SharePoint Online. Which Microsoft Purview solution should you use?

Accepted Answer

Auto-labeling policies. Auto-labeling policies in Microsoft Purview are designed to automatically detect sensitive data types (e.g., Social Security numbers) using built-in or custom sensitive information types and apply sensitivity labels to documents in SharePoint Online. This meets the requirement for automatic detection and labeling without user intervention, as the compliance team needs.

Answer

Records Management

Answer

eDiscovery

Answer

Data Loss Prevention policies

Question 3

Your organization is planning to deploy Microsoft Purview Information Protection to classify and protect sensitive data. You need to design a solution that automatically applies sensitivity labels to documents containing personally identifiable information (PII) when they are uploaded to SharePoint Online. Which configuration should you use?

Accepted Answer

Create an auto-labeling policy that uses a sensitive info type for PII. Microsoft Purview auto-labeling policies can automatically apply sensitivity labels to documents containing PII when they are uploaded to SharePoint Online. By configuring a policy with a sensitive info type (e.g., U.S. Social Security Number) as the condition, the service scans content at rest and applies the label without user intervention, meeting the requirement for automatic classification.

Answer

Set a default sensitivity label for the SharePoint site

Answer

Use trainable classifiers to identify PII and apply labels

Answer

Configure a manual labeling policy that prompts users to classify documents

Question 4

Your company is migrating on-premises Active Directory to Microsoft Entra ID. The security team requires that users must use passwordless authentication methods for all sign-ins. Which Microsoft Entra ID feature should you enable to support passwordless authentication?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Entra ID passwordless authentication methods. Microsoft Entra ID passwordless authentication methods (such as Windows Hello for Business, FIDO2 security keys, and Microsoft Authenticator) are the native features designed to eliminate passwords entirely. These methods satisfy the security team's requirement by enabling users to sign in without a password, using biometrics or cryptographic keys instead.

Answer

Password hash synchronization

Answer

Seamless Single Sign-On (Seamless SSO)

Answer

Pass-through authentication

Question 5

A company is designing a data security strategy using Microsoft Purview. They need to identify sensitive data across their data estate, including on-premises SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Amazon S3. Which THREE components should they use? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Purview Data Estate Insights. Microsoft Purview Data Estate Insights provides visibility into data estate health and security posture, including sensitive data discovery across on-premises SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Amazon S3. It aggregates scan results and offers dashboards to identify where sensitive data resides, enabling targeted classification and protection actions.

Answer

Microsoft Purview External Identities

Answer

Microsoft Purview Compliance Manager

Question 6

Your organization uses Microsoft Purview Information Protection to label sensitive emails. You need to ensure that labels are applied automatically based on content. Which THREE methods can you use?

Accepted Answer

Sensitive information types. Sensitive information types (C) are predefined or custom patterns that detect sensitive data such as credit card numbers or social security numbers, enabling automatic label application. Auto-labeling policies in Microsoft Purview (D) apply labels automatically to emails and files based on conditions like sensitive information types or trainable classifiers. Trainable classifiers (E) use machine learning to identify content patterns and automatically apply labels without requiring explicit pattern definitions.

Answer

Manual labeling by users

Answer

File plan (for records management)

Question 7

Your organization uses Microsoft Sentinel and wants to automatically respond to high-severity incidents. Which feature should you configure?

Accepted Answer

Configure an automation rule to run a playbook automatically. Automation rules in Microsoft Sentinel allow you to define automated responses that trigger when an incident is created or updated, including running playbooks (Azure Logic Apps workflows) automatically. This is the correct approach for automatically responding to high-severity incidents because it eliminates manual intervention and ensures consistent, immediate action based on incident properties like severity.

Answer

Create a playbook and run it manually for each incident

Answer

Set up an analytics rule with automatic response

Answer

Use a workbook to trigger a playbook

Question 8

Your organization needs to enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing sensitive applications. You plan to use Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access. Which grant control should you configure?

Accepted Answer

Require multi-factor authentication. The question specifies a requirement to enforce MFA for all users accessing sensitive applications. In Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access, the 'Require multi-factor authentication' grant control directly enforces Azure AD MFA (e.g., via Microsoft Authenticator, OATH tokens, or SMS) as the primary authentication method. This is the simplest and most direct control to meet the stated goal of requiring MFA, without adding additional constraints like device compliance or authentication strength levels.

Answer

Require authentication strength (e.g., phishing-resistant MFA)

Answer

Require device to be marked as compliant

Answer

Use app enforced restrictions

Question 9

A company plans to implement Microsoft Purview to enforce data loss prevention (DLP) policies. They need to prevent users from sharing credit card numbers via email. What should they configure?

Accepted Answer

Create a DLP policy that detects and blocks credit card numbers in Exchange Online. Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies can be configured to detect sensitive data types, such as credit card numbers, in Exchange Online emails. When a DLP policy is created with a rule that identifies credit card numbers and blocks the email from being sent, it directly prevents users from sharing that data via email. This is the native mechanism for enforcing DLP on email traffic in Microsoft 365.

Answer

Create a sensitivity label and apply it to emails

Answer

Enable communication compliance policies

Answer

Configure a retention policy for email

Question 10

Your company uses Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps and wants to prevent users from uploading sensitive files to personal cloud storage apps. What should you configure?

Accepted Answer

Session policy. Session policy in Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps allows real-time monitoring and control of user activities based on app and content inspection. By configuring a session policy, you can block or restrict uploads of sensitive files to personal cloud storage apps like Dropbox or Google Drive during the user's session, leveraging reverse proxy capabilities to inspect and intervene in traffic.

Answer

Activity policy

Answer

App connector

Answer

File policy

Question 11

Which THREE capabilities does Microsoft Purview provide for compliance management?

Accepted Answer

Information protection with sensitivity labels. Microsoft Purview provides compliance management capabilities including information protection with sensitivity labels, which allow organizations to classify and protect sensitive data across Microsoft 365 services, endpoints, and third-party apps. Sensitivity labels enforce encryption, visual markings, and access restrictions based on policy, directly supporting data loss prevention and governance.

Answer

Identity protection and risk detection

Answer

Endpoint detection and response

Question 12

You are designing a Microsoft Purview data security solution for a multinational organization subject to GDPR and CCPA. Which THREE Purview capabilities should you include to meet regulatory requirements?

Accepted Answer

Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies. Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies are correct because they allow the organization to detect and prevent the accidental or intentional sharing of sensitive data—such as personally identifiable information (PII) covered under GDPR and CCPA—across email, SharePoint, OneDrive, and endpoints. By scanning content for sensitive information types (e.g., credit card numbers, EU passport numbers) and applying protective actions (e.g., blocking transmission, showing policy tips), DLP directly enforces data protection mandates required by these regulations.

Answer

Advanced eDiscovery

Answer

Data Lifecycle Management (retention policies)

Question 13

Which TWO Azure policies should you assign to enforce secure configuration of Azure SQL Database? (Select two.)

Accepted Answer

Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' for SQL Database. Enabling Auditing on Azure SQL Database captures all database events and writes them to an audit log in your Azure storage account, Log Analytics workspace, or Event Hubs. This is a fundamental security control for compliance and forensic analysis, as it provides a record of who did what and when, which is essential for detecting and investigating unauthorized access or changes.

Answer

Ensure that 'TDE' is enabled for SQL Server VMs

Answer

Audit SQL Server level audit setting

Answer

Ensure secure transfer to storage accounts is enabled

Question 14

A company is designing a Zero Trust network strategy. They want to ensure that all network traffic between on-premises and Azure is inspected and logged, regardless of source or destination. Which Azure service should they use to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Azure Firewall. Azure Firewall is a managed, cloud-based network security service that provides inbound and outbound traffic inspection and logging for all traffic between on-premises networks and Azure, regardless of source or destination. It supports application and network-level filtering, threat intelligence-based filtering, and integrates with Azure Monitor for comprehensive logging, making it the correct choice for a Zero Trust network strategy that requires full traffic inspection and logging.

Answer

Azure Front Door

Answer

Azure Bastion

Answer

Azure DDoS Protection

Question 15

A company uses Microsoft Intune to manage devices. They need to ensure that only compliant devices can access corporate email. They plan to use Conditional Access in Microsoft Entra ID. Which THREE components must be configured?

Accepted Answer

Device registration in Entra ID. Device registration in Entra ID (A) is required because Conditional Access policies evaluate device compliance based on the device's identity in Entra ID. Without registration, the device lacks a unique identity that Entra ID can assess for compliance status, making it impossible to enforce access controls based on device state.

Answer

Windows Autopilot deployment profile

Answer

Configuration profile in Intune

Question 16

You need to design a solution to synchronize on-premises Active Directory users to Microsoft Entra ID for hybrid identity. Which tool should you use?

Accepted Answer

Microsoft Entra Connect. Microsoft Entra Connect is the correct tool for synchronizing on-premises Active Directory users to Microsoft Entra ID for hybrid identity because it provides a comprehensive, full-featured synchronization engine that supports password hash synchronization, pass-through authentication, and federation integration. It is the primary tool for hybrid identity scenarios where you need to synchronize a single on-premises AD forest to a single Entra ID tenant, handling attributes, password writeback, and device synchronization.

Answer

Microsoft Identity Manager (MIM)

Answer

Microsoft Entra Connect Cloud Sync

Answer

Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS)

Question 17

A company uses Microsoft Defender for Cloud to assess the security posture of their Azure subscriptions. They want to ensure that all virtual machines have the Log Analytics agent installed and that missing system updates are remediated automatically. Which two recommendations should be enabled in a single policy initiative?

Accepted Answer

Enable the Microsoft Defender for Cloud 'System Updates' and 'Log Analytics agent' recommendations via a built-in initiative.. Microsoft Defender for Cloud includes a built-in policy initiative (the 'ASC Default' initiative) that contains both the 'System Updates' and 'Log Analytics agent' recommendations. Enabling this single initiative automatically assigns both requirements to the selected scope, ensuring that missing system updates are remediated and the Log Analytics agent is installed on all virtual machines without needing custom policies or separate assignments.

Answer

Assign two separate Azure Policy initiatives, one for each requirement.

Answer

Create a custom Azure Policy initiative that combines the two requirements.

Answer

Use Azure Blueprints to assign the policies to all subscriptions.

Question 18

Refer to the exhibit. You are reviewing a Conditional Access policy in Azure AD. The policy requires MFA and a compliant device for all users and all cloud apps. Some users report that they are able to access apps without being prompted for MFA even though their devices are compliant. What is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

The policy is set to 'Report-only' mode. A Conditional Access policy set to 'Report-only' mode evaluates the policy and logs results but does not enforce any controls, such as requiring MFA or a compliant device. Users can access apps without MFA prompts because the policy is not actively blocking or challenging them, even if their devices are compliant. This mode is used for testing before enabling enforcement.

Answer

The policy does not include all cloud apps

Answer

The policy excludes specific locations

Answer

The policy does not include session controls to enforce MFA re-prompt

Question 19

A company is implementing a Zero Trust security model using Microsoft 365 Defender. Which THREE of the following are key principles they should follow?

Accepted Answer

Use least privilege access by limiting user permissions with Just-In-Time and Just-Enough-Access.. Zero Trust mandates least privilege access, and Microsoft 365 Defender integrates with Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) to enforce Just-In-Time (JIT) and Just-Enough-Access (JEA) policies. This ensures users receive only the permissions necessary for a specific task, for a limited duration, reducing the risk of lateral movement and privilege escalation.

Answer

Trust all traffic originating from within the corporate network.

Answer

Provide implicit trust to known users and devices.

Question 20

Contoso, a healthcare provider, is deploying a new patient portal on Azure App Service that stores electronic health records (EHR) in Azure Cosmos DB for NoSQL. The solution must comply with HIPAA and HITRUST. You need to ensure that data is encrypted at rest and in transit, and that access is restricted based on user roles. Cosmos DB must be configured with a private endpoint to prevent public internet access. You plan to use Azure Key Vault to manage encryption keys. Additionally, the application will access Cosmos DB using a system-assigned managed identity. Which of the following is the most complete and secure design?

Accepted Answer

Enable encryption at rest using a customer-managed key in Azure Key Vault, enforce TLS 1.2, configure a private endpoint for Cosmos DB, and grant the managed identity access via Azure RBAC with a custom role that allows read/write to specific containers.. It provides the most comprehensive security for HIPAA/HITRUST compliance. Customer-managed keys in Azure Key Vault give Contoso control over encryption keys, which is required by HIPAA. TLS 1.2 ensures encryption in transit. A private endpoint for Cosmos DB prevents public internet access, offering better isolation than service endpoints or firewall rules. Finally, granting the managed identity access via Azure RBAC with a custom role allows granular, least-privilege access to specific containers, which is more secure than using built-in roles or connection strings. Option A is wrong because service-managed keys do not provide the key control required for HIPAA, and service endpoints are less secure than private endpoints. Option B is wrong because disabling encryption at rest is a security risk and contrary to compliance requirements; also, storing a read-write key in Key Vault (to be retrieved by the app) is less secure than using managed identity with RBAC. Option C is wrong because firewall rules are less secure than private endpoints, and storing read-write keys in application settings is a security risk.

Answer

Enable encryption at rest using service-managed keys, enforce TLS 1.2, configure a service endpoint for Cosmos DB, and grant the managed identity access using Cosmos DB built-in roles (e.g., Cosmos DB Built-in Data Contributor).

Answer

Disable encryption at rest to improve performance, enforce TLS 1.2, configure a private endpoint, and use the managed identity with a read-write key in Azure Key Vault.

Answer

Enable encryption at rest using service-managed keys, enforce TLS 1.2, configure a firewall to allow only the App Service outbound IP, and use read-write keys in application settings.