Functions, Tuples, Dictionaries and Exceptions

A developer writes a function to calculate the average of a list of numbers, but the function sometimes returns a wrong result when the list contains non-numeric values. What is the best way to handle this?

A Python script uses a dictionary to store user session data. The developer writes `user = {'id': 101, 'name': 'Alice'}` and later tries to access `user['email']`. What is the outcome?

A server logs are stored as a list of tuples: `logs = [('2024-01-10', 'INFO', 'Started'), ('2024-01-10', 'ERROR', 'Disk full')]`. A developer wants to count how many ERROR logs exist. Which code snippet correctly counts them?

A function `def process(data):` modifies the dictionary passed as argument by adding a new key. The developer wants to avoid modifying the original dictionary. What should the function do?

A developer writes a function that returns multiple values as a tuple. Which of the following is a valid way to unpack the result into separate variables?

A Python script processes a list of tuples representing coordinates: `points = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]`. The developer wants to create a dictionary mapping each coordinate to its distance from origin. Which code correctly creates the dictionary?

A developer writes a function that takes a tuple as an argument and tries to modify an element inside the tuple. What happens?

A script uses a dictionary to store counts of words. The code `counts['apple'] += 1` raises a KeyError the first time because the key doesn't exist. Which approach best solves this?

Which TWO of the following statements about tuples in Python are true?

Which THREE of the following are valid ways to handle an exception in Python?

Which TWO of the following dictionary methods return a view object that changes when the dictionary changes?

What is the output of the code?

What is the output of this code?

You are a developer for a financial application that processes transactions. The application uses a dictionary to store account balances where keys are account numbers (strings) and values are floats. A function `transfer(from_acc, to_acc, amount)` is supposed to subtract amount from `from_acc` and add it to `to_acc`. However, some transfers are resulting in incorrect balances: the `from_acc` balance is reduced but the `to_acc` balance is not increased. The code uses `try-except` to catch KeyError if an account does not exist. Upon inspection, the function first checks if both accounts exist, then performs subtraction, then addition, and finally returns success. No exceptions are raised during the problematic transfers. The accounts definitely exist. What is the most likely cause?

A team is building a configuration parser that reads a file containing key=value pairs. They use a dictionary to store the configuration. The parser function `load_config(filename)` opens the file, reads line by line, splits on '=', and populates a dictionary. Some lines have comments starting with '#'. The developer wants to ensure that the dictionary is not polluted with comment lines. They write: `if line.startswith('#'): continue`. However, after parsing, the dictionary contains an entry with key '#' because some lines have no '=' sign. For example, a line like `#comment` is being added as a key with value None. The developer wants to fix this. Which modification should be made?

Order the steps to create and use a list in Python.

Order the steps to define a class and create an object in Python.

Match each Python function to its description.

Match each Python string method to its action.

A developer writes a function that should return the sum of two numbers, but the code returns 0 instead. What is the most likely cause? def add(a, b): result = a + b print(add(3, 4))

Which of the following correctly creates a tuple with a single element 5?

A programmer needs to store configuration settings keyed by string, where each key maps to a list of allowed values. Which data structure is most appropriate?

Consider the following code: def foo(x, y): return x * y result = foo(y=2, 3) What is the error?

Which exception is raised when trying to access a dictionary key that does not exist?

A developer is using a lambda function that takes two arguments and returns their sum. Which of the following lambda expressions is correct?

What does the following code output? try: x = int('abc') except ValueError: print('Invalid')

Given the tuple t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), which expression returns the last element?

Which of the following will raise a TypeError?

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to create a dictionary with initial key-value pairs? (Select exactly 2)

Which THREE of the following statements about function arguments are true? (Select exactly 3)

Which TWO of the following exceptions are built-in Python exceptions? (Select exactly 2)

Based on the exhibit, where did the exception originate?

What is the output of the code in the exhibit?

What is the output of the code?

A developer wants to use a tuple to store the names of the months. They attempt to change an element: months = ("Jan","Feb","Mar"); months[1] = "Februar". What is the result?

A developer writes a function that appends an item to a list: def add_item(item, my_list=[]): my_list.append(item); return my_list. They call add_item(1) twice. What are the return values of the two calls?

In a try-except block, a developer has two except clauses: except ValueError: and except: (bare except). If the code in the try block raises a ValueError, which except clause is executed?

Given a list of names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'], a developer wants to create a dictionary mapping each name to its length. Which expression accomplishes this?

A function is defined as: def min_max(nums): return min(nums), max(nums). What type of value does it return?

A function is defined as: def func(*args, **kwargs): print(args, kwargs). It is called as func(1, 2, a=3, b=4). What is printed?

A dictionary student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 20}. To safely get the grade with a default of 'N/A', which code should be used?

A developer wants to raise a ValueError with a custom message when a negative number is passed. Which code is correct?

Consider the code: try: try: raise TypeError except ValueError: print('A') except TypeError: print('B') finally: print('C'). What is printed?

Which TWO of the following are valid methods that can be called on a tuple object? (Choose two.)

Which TWO of the following are true about function arguments in Python? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are valid dictionary methods? (Choose three.)

Refer to the exhibit. What exception is raised when this code is executed?

Refer to the exhibit. What happens when this code is executed?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output when the code is executed?

What is the output of the following code? def greet(name, greeting='Hello'): print(greeting, name) greet('Alice')

A function returns a tuple. Which code correctly unpacks the tuple? def min_max(numbers): return min(numbers), max(numbers) result = min_max([3, 1, 2])

What is the output of the following code? def test(): try: return 1 finally: return 2 print(test())

What is the result of the following expression? d = {'a': 1} d.get('b', 0)

Which code sorts a list of strings by their length in descending order? lst = ['aa', 'b', 'ccc']

What is the output of the following code? def div(a, b): try: return a / b except ZeroDivisionError: raise ValueError('Invalid division') try: print(div(10, 0)) except ValueError as e: print(e) except ZeroDivisionError: print('Zero division')

What happens when you try to modify a tuple? t = (1, 2, 3) t[0] = 0

What is the output of the following dictionary comprehension? {x: x**2 for x in range(3)}

What is the output of the following code? def f(): try: raise ValueError('error1') except ValueError: raise TypeError('error2') try: f() except TypeError as e: print(e) except ValueError: print('ValueError')

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to create a tuple containing the elements 1 and 2? (Select two.)

Which THREE of the following are built-in exceptions in Python? (Select three.)

Which TWO of the following are valid dictionary methods? (Select two.)

Refer to the exhibit. What type of exception occurred?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?

A developer needs to determine the number of elements in a tuple named 't'. Which code snippet will correctly return the length?

A function is designed to process a list and returns a modified list. The developer wants to avoid unintended side effects on the original list when it is passed as an argument. Which approach best ensures the original list remains unchanged?

A developer is writing a robust script that must handle file reading errors. The script should catch only I/O-related exceptions (e.g., FileNotFoundError, PermissionError) and let other exceptions propagate. Which exception handling structure is best suited?

A developer wants to create a tuple containing a single integer value 5. Which code snippet correctly creates such a tuple?

A script counts occurrences of words in a text file. The current code uses: if word in count_dict: count_dict[word] += 1 else: count_dict[word] = 1. Which alternative is more concise and Pythonic?

A function receives a dictionary that may contain nested dictionaries. The function must modify the dictionary without affecting the original passed argument. Which technique ensures a complete independent copy?

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to merge two dictionaries in Python 3.5+? (Assume dict1 = {'a':1} and dict2 = {'b':2})

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of Python tuples?

Which THREE of the following statements about Python exception handling are correct?

A support technician is running a Python script that parses a configuration file and stores key-value pairs in a dictionary called 'config'. The script then uses these values to set application parameters. The configuration file is optional, and some expected keys may be missing. Currently, the script crashes with a KeyError when accessing a missing key. The technician needs to modify the script to safely retrieve a value or return 'N/A' if a key is missing. The script must remain efficient and readable. Which modification best achieves this?

A large e-commerce platform uses a Python function to calculate the average rating from a tuple of customer ratings. The function is called thousands of times per second with the same ratings tuple (which is static across many calls). The function currently computes sum(ratings) / len(ratings) each time, causing a performance bottleneck. The development team wants to optimize the function without changing its signature (it still takes the tuple as argument). They also want to avoid using global variables or external libraries. Which approach best optimizes the function?

A network configuration tool stores device settings in a dictionary where each setting key may have multiple values from different configuration sources. For example, the key 'dns_servers' might have values from the DHCP server and manual configuration. The current implementation simply assigns values: settings[key] = value. If the same key appears multiple times, only the last value is kept, losing previous values. The developer must modify the data structure so that all values for a key are preserved. The solution should be efficient for both adding new values and accessing all values for a key. Which modification is best?

A system administrator has a Python script that uses a tuple to store immutable configuration parameters, such as server address and port. A new business requirement arises: one of these parameters (the port number) must be changeable at runtime without restarting the script. The other parameters must remain immutable. The administrator wants to minimize changes to the existing codebase and maintain clarity. Which approach best satisfies the requirement while keeping the code maintainable?

A junior developer wrote a function that calculates the average of a list of numbers. Inside the function, they used a variable named 'list' to store the input parameter. Later, they tried to call the built-in list() function to convert a string to a list inside the same function, but it raised a TypeError. The error occurs because the name 'list' now refers to the parameter, not the built-in. The function must be fixed without changing its external behavior. Which solution is the best practice?

A critical automation system uses a try-except block to handle errors during file operations. The current code uses a bare except: clause to catch any error and perform cleanup. However, when an operator tries to stop the program with Ctrl+C, the KeyboardInterrupt exception is caught, and the cleanup routine runs, preventing a clean exit. Additionally, if the system runs out of memory, MemoryError is caught. The developers need to modify the exception handling so that system-exiting exceptions (such as KeyboardInterrupt and SystemExit) are not caught, but other exceptions (e.g., FileNotFoundError, PermissionError) are still handled for cleanup. Which modification best achieves this?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output of Line C?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?

Refer to the exhibit. What is the output?