Tech Concepts and Terminology

Which of the following is the binary representation of the decimal number 5?

A technician needs to identify a network interface on a device. Which notational system is most commonly associated with MAC addresses?

A digital image is stored in a file that retains all original data without any loss. Later, the file is compressed using a technique that discards some data to reduce file size, but the image quality is lower. Which type of compression was applied?

A user notices that their computer runs slowly when multiple applications are open simultaneously. Which hardware component is most likely insufficient for the current workload?

An IT professional is explaining to a client the difference between an HDD and an SSD. Which statement best describes a key advantage of an SSD over an HDD?

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that fails to boot. The technician checks the system's low-level software stored on a chip on the motherboard. Which type of software is being inspected?

A company wants to use a cloud service where they can deploy their own applications on virtual machines without managing the underlying hardware. Which cloud service model best fits this requirement?

A student is converting the hexadecimal number 2F to decimal. What is the correct decimal value?

An IT specialist is explaining ASCII and Unicode to a trainee. Which statement accurately describes a difference between ASCII and Unicode?

Which of the following best describes the role of an operating system?

A company is choosing between public, private, and hybrid cloud deployments. Which TWO statements correctly describe characteristics of these cloud models? (Select TWO.)

A technician is evaluating the CPU specifications of two computers. Which THREE factors directly affect the CPU's performance? (Select THREE.)

An IT instructor is teaching about binary arithmetic operations. Which TWO of the following are correct results of a logical XOR operation on the binary inputs 1 and 0? (Select TWO.)

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?

A technician is troubleshooting a network issue and needs to view the MAC address of a device. Which notational system is the MAC address most likely represented in?

A programmer writes a loop that performs a bitwise AND operation between the byte 0b11001100 and the mask 0b00001111. What is the result in decimal?

Which of the following storage technologies uses spinning platters and a mechanical arm to read and write data?

A user is concerned about losing edits to a document if the power fails. Which type of memory is the document most likely stored in while being edited?

A company wants to run multiple operating systems on a single physical server to maximize resource utilization. Which technology should they use?

Which of the following is an example of a lossy compression format?

Which component on the motherboard is responsible for temporarily storing frequently accessed data to speed up processing?

A technician is installing a new graphics card and needs to connect it to the motherboard. Which type of slot is typically used for a dedicated GPU?

Which of the following character encoding standards supports characters from most of the world's languages and uses a variable number of bytes per character?

A support technician is explaining file compression to a user. Which THREE of the following are examples of lossless compression formats? (Select THREE).

Which of the following is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?

A technician is explaining data storage to a customer. Which of the following best describes the difference between a bit and a byte?

A network engineer is configuring a device and needs to enter a MAC address. Which notational system is typically used for MAC addresses?

Which of the following storage types uses spinning platters to read and write data?

A user wants to save a photo with the highest quality but does not care about file size. Which file format should they use?

Which of the following best describes the function of a CPU cache?

Which type of memory is volatile and loses its data when the computer is turned off?

A user needs to run a Windows application on a Mac. Which approach uses a hypervisor to create a separate environment?

Which cloud service model provides the customer with the ability to run and manage applications on a cloud infrastructure but does NOT give control over the underlying operating system?

Which of the following is an example of lossy compression?

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that does not start. They suspect the BIOS may be corrupted. Which type of software is the BIOS?

Which of the following is the binary result of the AND operation on 1010 and 1110?

A company is choosing a storage solution for archival data that is rarely accessed. Which TWO characteristics are typically true of HDDs compared to SSDs? (Choose two.)

A developer is writing a program that needs to handle text in multiple languages, including Chinese and Arabic. Which TWO character encoding systems should they consider? (Choose two.)

Which of the following describes a nibble?

A technician is converting the decimal number 255 to binary. Which binary value is correct?

A user notices that a file saved as a JPEG is smaller than the original BMP file. Which type of compression does JPEG typically use?

A memory address is displayed as 0x1A3F. What is the correct base of this representation?

Which of the following character encodings can represent characters from virtually all written languages?

Which component of a computer stores data permanently even when the power is turned off?

A technician needs to install a new graphics card in a desktop computer. Through which type of slot is the graphics card typically connected to the motherboard?

Which of the following is an example of application software?

A company wants to run a Linux virtual machine on a Windows host without dual-booting. Which type of software is needed to create and manage the virtual machine?

Which cloud service model provides users with access to software applications over the internet without managing the underlying infrastructure?

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that fails to boot. The technician suspects corrupted firmware. Which component stores the firmware that initializes hardware during boot?

A user wants to store a file with lossless compression. Which TWO of the following file formats support lossless compression? (Select TWO.)

Which of the following is the binary representation of the decimal number 10?

A technician is explaining the difference between lossy and lossless compression to a colleague. Which of the following file formats uses lossy compression?

A user is selecting a new computer and sees that the CPU has a clock speed of 3.6 GHz and four cores. What does the clock speed of 3.6 GHz indicate?

A network technician is configuring a device and needs to enter a MAC address. Which of the following is a valid MAC address in hexadecimal notation?

Which of the following is an example of system software?

A company is considering moving its email system to the cloud and wants to avoid managing the underlying servers and software. Which cloud service model would best suit this need?

A computer has 8 GB of RAM. If the operating system and applications are using 3.2 GB, how much RAM is available for other processes?

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that fails to boot. Which of the following types of firmware is responsible for initializing hardware and loading the operating system?

Which of the following best describes the function of a hypervisor?

Which of the following units represents the largest amount of data?

A graphic designer needs a component to accelerate rendering of 3D models. Which of the following computer hardware components is specifically designed for this purpose?

Which of the following is the result of the binary operation 1101 AND 1011?

A technician is explaining data representation to a trainee. Which TWO of the following are character encoding standards used in computing? (Select TWO).

A company is planning to adopt cloud computing. Which THREE of the following are benefits of using cloud services compared to on-premises infrastructure? (Select THREE).

A user notices their computer is running slowly and has many applications open. Which TWO hardware components are most likely to impact the speed at which multiple applications can run simultaneously? (Select TWO).

A technician needs to convert a decimal IP address octet value of 192 to binary. Which of the following is the correct binary representation?

A user wants to permanently delete files from a USB flash drive without any possibility of recovery. Which of the following techniques should be used?

A network technician is troubleshooting a connectivity issue and needs to identify the destination MAC address of a frame. Which TWO of the following are true about MAC addresses? (Select TWO.)

A user is selecting a storage device for a new computer and wants fast boot times and durability. Which TWO storage technologies should the user consider? (Select TWO.)

A technician is explaining the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory to a trainee. Which TWO of the following are examples of volatile memory? (Select TWO.)

A help desk technician is comparing storage capacity specifications for two laptops. One specification lists the SSD as 512 GB and the other lists it as 512 GiB. The technician needs to explain to a customer why the operating system reports a lower usable capacity than the advertised number. Which of the following best explains this difference?

A help desk technician is setting up a new laptop for a remote employee. The employee needs to copy a 6 GB video file onto the laptop, which has a 256 GB solid-state drive. Which of the following storage interfaces would provide the fastest transfer speed for an external drive connected to this laptop?

A junior technician is documenting the internal components of a desktop workstation for an inventory audit. The supervisor asks the technician to identify components that are installed inside the system unit and connect directly to the motherboard or its expansion slots. Which TWO of the following are internal hardware components? (Choose two.)

A user reports that their desktop computer will not power on. The technician notices that the power supply fan does not spin and no lights appear on the motherboard. The technician has already verified that the wall outlet is working and the power cable is securely connected. Which of the following should the technician check NEXT?

A user asks a technician why their spreadsheet file opens much faster after being saved in a different format. The technician explains that the new format stores data in a structured, compressed way. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a file format?

A technician is reviewing how a computer processes a single machine instruction. The instruction cycle begins when the CPU fetches an instruction from memory whose address is held in a specific register. The technician must identify the register that stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed. Which of the following is that register?

A technician is configuring a wireless access point for a small office. The office has several older laptops that only support the 2.4 GHz frequency band, as well as newer devices that support both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The technician wants to ensure all devices can connect while minimizing interference. Which of the following should the technician do?

A technician is setting up a small office network and needs to assign a logical address to each workstation so devices can communicate across the local network and the internet. Which of the following best describes the role of an IP address?

A technician is troubleshooting a computer that randomly reboots during use. The technician suspects a hardware issue. Which of the following tools would be MOST appropriate to monitor the system's temperature and voltage readings in real time?

A technician is configuring a new Windows workstation and needs to assign a static IPv4 address that allows the computer to communicate with other devices on the same local network segment. The network uses a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask. Which of the following addresses should the technician assign to the workstation?

A technician is explaining the concept of cloud computing to a new employee. Which TWO of the following are characteristics of cloud computing as defined by NIST? (Choose two.)

A user complains that their smartphone photos take up too much space and that image quality is critical for printing. A technician explains that a particular image format uses lossy compression, which reduces file size by permanently discarding some image data. Which of the following formats is the technician describing?

A technician is setting up a new desktop computer and needs to install an operating system from a bootable USB flash drive. The computer powers on but boots directly into the existing hard drive instead of the USB drive. Which of the following should the technician configure to allow the computer to boot from the USB drive?

A user complains that their laptop battery drains quickly even when the laptop is idle. A technician suspects that a background process is consuming resources. Which of the following Windows tools should the technician use to identify the process consuming the most CPU or disk resources?

A user is shopping for a laptop and wants to know how much data the machine can hold for documents, photos, and applications. Which specification should the user check to determine the total storage capacity of the system?

A technician is comparing storage technologies for a new workstation that will run a database with frequent random reads and writes. The technician needs a storage device with no moving parts, low latency, and high durability. Which of the following should the technician choose?

A small office wants wireless devices to connect to the corporate network without running cables to each desk. The administrator must choose a technology that provides wireless local area network connectivity using radio frequencies. Which technology should be selected?

A technician is reviewing network security concepts with a junior colleague. The colleague asks which of the following are characteristics of a virtual private network (VPN) used for remote access. (Choose two.)

A technician is explaining data representation to a trainee. The trainee asks which of the following statements correctly describe how bits and bytes are used in computing. (Choose two.)

A technician is setting up a small office network and needs to connect devices using a physical topology where each device connects to a central device, and a failure of one cable does not affect the others. Which topology should the technician implement?

A user needs to transfer a large collection of documents to a colleague. The documents must retain their exact formatting and be readable without needing the original software used to create them. Which of the following file formats is best suited for this requirement?

A home user reports that a web page loads slowly and intermittently fails to open, but other users on the same network reach the same site without trouble, and the site is reachable from a mobile phone on cellular data. The technician suspects the browser is holding outdated cached data for that site. Which action should the technician take first?

A technician is comparing two internal storage devices for a workstation that must boot quickly and survive being dropped during transport. One candidate uses flash memory with no moving parts, while the other uses spinning magnetic platters. Which statement correctly describes the trade-off the technician should consider?

A technician is explaining how data is represented and processed in a computer. Which TWO of the following statements accurately describe the relationship between bits, bytes, and storage capacities? (Choose two.)

A technician is documenting the physical networking hardware in a small office wiring closet and needs to distinguish devices that forward data between network segments from devices that only regenerate signals. Which TWO of the following devices actively forward frames or packets between network segments? (Choose two.)

A user asks a technician why their computer can run multiple applications at once, such as a web browser, email client, and word processor, without them interfering with each other. Which of the following concepts should the technician use to explain this?