CISM Practice Test 11 — 15 Questions

Question 1

An organization is implementing a new cloud-based ERP system. Which of the following is the MOST important action for the information security manager to ensure alignment with the organization's risk appetite?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Conduct a risk assessment to identify and evaluate risks associated with the cloud deployment.. Conducting a risk assessment (A) is the most important action because it directly evaluates the cloud ERP deployment against the organization's risk appetite, identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks such as data exposure, vendor lock-in, and compliance gaps. This foundational step ensures that subsequent controls, contracts, and policies are aligned with the acceptable level of risk, as defined by the organization's risk tolerance thresholds.

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Review the cloud provider's SOC 2 report for compliance with relevant regulations.

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Negotiate contract terms including data protection clauses with the cloud provider.

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Develop a detailed access control policy specifically for the cloud ERP system.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a security program's governance framework?

Accepted Answer

To provide oversight and alignment with business objectives. The primary purpose of a security program's governance framework is to provide oversight and ensure that security activities are aligned with business objectives, risk appetite, and regulatory requirements. It establishes the policies, roles, and accountability structures that guide decision-making, rather than directly executing technical tasks. This alignment is critical for the program to be sustainable and supported by executive management.

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To implement technical security controls

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To conduct vulnerability assessments

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To manage security incidents

Question 3

An organization has a mature security program but is experiencing an increase in successful social engineering attacks. The incident response team has confirmed that the attacks are bypassing current controls. What should the program manager do first?

Accepted Answer

Conduct a root cause analysis and update risk assessment. A root cause analysis (RCA) is the correct first step because it identifies the specific weaknesses in people, processes, or technology that allowed the social engineering attacks to bypass existing controls. Updating the risk assessment based on RCA findings ensures that remediation efforts are prioritized against actual threats, rather than applying generic fixes. This aligns with the CISM principle that program management decisions must be data-driven and risk-based.

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Implement multi-factor authentication for all systems

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Disable email links and attachments

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Increase the frequency of security awareness training

Question 4

Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of a security program's key performance indicators (KPIs)?

Accepted Answer

To measure the effectiveness of security controls. KPIs are designed to provide measurable evidence of how well the security program is achieving its objectives, specifically by quantifying the effectiveness of security controls. For example, a KPI like 'mean time to detect (MTTD)' directly measures the performance of detection controls, enabling data-driven decisions on control improvements. This aligns with the CISM focus on governance and performance management, not just compliance or budgeting.

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To ensure compliance with regulations

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To assign accountability to individuals

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To track the budget for security initiatives

Question 5

Which of the following is the FIRST step in the security policy development lifecycle?

Accepted Answer

Gap analysis. In the security policy development lifecycle, a gap analysis is performed first to compare the organization's current state against the desired state (e.g., regulatory requirements, frameworks like ISO 27001 or NIST). This identifies what policies are missing or inadequate before drafting begins. Only after gaps are understood can legal review, stakeholder consultation, and formal approval meaningfully occur.

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Legal review

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Approval

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Stakeholder consultation

Question 6

An organization's incident response team has completed the initial response to a ransomware incident. During the post-incident review, they identify that the detection was delayed because security logs from different systems were not correlated. The team wants to improve detection capabilities. What should the team recommend as the primary improvement?

Accepted Answer

Implement a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system. A SIEM system is the primary improvement because it aggregates and correlates security logs from diverse sources in real time, enabling automated detection of patterns like ransomware propagation that manual or siloed logging cannot achieve. By normalizing log formats and applying correlation rules, a SIEM reduces detection latency and provides actionable alerts, directly addressing the identified gap in log correlation.

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Hire additional security analysts to manually correlate logs

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Increase the amount of logging on all systems

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Reduce log retention to lower storage costs

Question 7

When selecting security controls based on NIST SP 800-53, which control family is MOST directly related to protecting the confidentiality of data?

Accepted Answer

Access Control (AC). In NIST SP 800-53, the Access Control (AC) family is the most directly related to protecting data confidentiality because it governs who can access which resources and under what conditions, including least privilege, separation of duties, and information flow enforcement. Confidentiality is fundamentally about restricting unauthorized read access, which is the core purpose of AC controls.

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Identification and Authentication (IA)

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System and Communications Protection (SC)

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Audit and Accountability (AU)

Question 8

Which TWO are common challenges in incident management?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate communication between teams. Option A (Inadequate communication between teams) is correct because incident management depends on rapid, accurate information flow across responders, service owners, and stakeholders; breakdowns in communication cause delayed escalations, duplicated effort, and prolonged mean time to resolution (MTTR). Option B (Lack of executive support) is correct because without executive sponsorship, incident management programs often lack the authority, funding, staffing, and cross-departmental cooperation needed to enforce processes, prioritize remediation, and drive continual improvement. Options C, D, and E are not common incident management challenges: having too many technical staff is not typically a recognized problem, over-reliance on automation is a general operational risk rather than a core incident management challenge, and excessive documentation is not a standard pain point since most organizations struggle with insufficient rather than excessive documentation.

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Too many technical staff

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Over-reliance on automation

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Excessive documentation

Question 9

Which of the following are key components of a mature information security program? (Select 2)

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive risk management process. A comprehensive risk management process is a foundational component of a mature information security program because it ensures that security controls are aligned with business objectives through systematic identification, assessment, and treatment of risks. This process, often guided by frameworks like ISO 31000 or NIST SP 800-39, enables prioritization of resources based on risk appetite and tolerance, rather than relying on ad-hoc or reactive measures. Without this, the program lacks the structured governance needed to adapt to evolving threats and regulatory requirements.

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Adoption of cloud security tools

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Single point of failure for security decisions

Question 10

Which component is essential for building a strong security culture within an organization?

Accepted Answer

Executive sponsorship and visible leadership. Executive sponsorship and visible leadership are essential because security culture is shaped by what leaders prioritise, model, and reward. When executives visibly champion security — allocating resources, participating in governance, and holding managers accountable — employees internalise that security matters. Without top-level sponsorship, awareness efforts are seen as a compliance chore rather than a business value.

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Mandatory annual password changes

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Increasing the security budget

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Implementing the latest technology

Question 11

A security manager is developing a new information security program for a mid-sized company. Which of the following should be the FIRST step?

Accepted Answer

Conduct a risk assessment. Conducting a risk assessment is the foundational first step in developing an information security program because it identifies and prioritizes the specific threats, vulnerabilities, and business impacts that the program must address. Without a risk assessment, any subsequent policies, controls, or tools would be based on assumptions rather than the organization's actual risk profile, leading to misallocated resources and ineffective security. This aligns with the CISM framework, which emphasizes that risk management drives the entire security program lifecycle.

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Implement technical controls

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Purchase security tools

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Develop security policies

Question 12

Which TWO of the following are key indicators of a potential insider threat incident? (Select exactly 2)

Accepted Answer

A user accessing large volumes of data not related to their job function. A user accessing large volumes of data unrelated to their job function is a classic behavioral anomaly indicating potential data exfiltration. This pattern often precedes an insider threat incident, as the user may be collecting sensitive information for unauthorized purposes, such as selling it or using it for personal gain. Security information and event management (SIEM) systems typically flag such access based on deviations from baseline user behavior, triggering further investigation.

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Multiple failed login attempts from an external IP address

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An increase in network traffic to a known malicious domain

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A user updating their password as required by policy

Question 13

A company's security program includes a set of controls based on a risk assessment. During an audit, several controls are found to be ineffective. What should the security manager do first?

Accepted Answer

Conduct a root cause analysis to determine why controls failed.. When controls are found ineffective, the security manager must first conduct a root cause analysis to identify why the controls failed. This aligns with the CISM's emphasis on corrective action based on understanding the underlying failure, such as misconfigured firewall rules, outdated signature databases, or improper access control lists (ACLs). Without this analysis, any subsequent remediation (like implementing compensating controls or increasing testing frequency) may address symptoms rather than the actual cause, leading to recurring failures.

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Increase the frequency of control testing.

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Report the findings to management and accept the risk.

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Implement compensating controls immediately.

Question 14

Which THREE of the following are appropriate members of a crisis management team (CMT) for a major cybersecurity incident? (Select three.)

Accepted Answer

General Counsel (GC). The General Counsel (GC) is a correct CMT member because major cybersecurity incidents carry legal, regulatory, contractual, and disclosure obligations, so the GC advises on breach notification laws, litigation risk, and privilege. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is correct because the CISO owns the security program and provides executive-level technical and strategic leadership for incident response decisions. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is correct because a major incident can threaten the entire organization, and the CEO holds ultimate authority for business continuity, stakeholder communication, and resource commitment. A security analyst and a forensic investigator are not appropriate CMT members; they are operational/technical responders who perform hands-on triage and evidence analysis and report to the CMT rather than sitting on it.

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Security analyst

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Forensic investigator

Question 15

An organization is designing a vendor tiering process for its third-party risk management program. Which TWO factors are MOST appropriate for determining a vendor's risk tier?

Accepted Answer

Type and sensitivity of data the vendor accesses. Option A is correct because the type and sensitivity of the data a vendor accesses directly drives the inherent risk of a data breach or regulatory violation, making it a primary factor in tiering (e.g., PII, PHI, or PCI data raises the tier). Option E is correct because the criticality of the vendor's service to business operations determines the impact of a vendor failure or outage on the organization's ability to function, which is a core dimension of vendor risk tiering. In contrast, Option B (geographic location) can influence risk but is not a primary tiering factor by itself and is often a sub-factor under data and operational considerations. Option C (number of employees) and Option D (annual revenue) are vendor size metrics that do not directly reflect the risk the vendor poses to the organization's data or operations, so they are not the most appropriate determinants.

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Vendor's geographic location

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Number of employees at the vendor

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Vendor's annual revenue