OSPF neighbour adjacencies, route advertisements, and DR/BDR elections appear consistently on the CCNA. These questions test whether you can read OSPF state from show commands and identify why two routers fail to reach FULL adjacency or why a route isn't being learned.
Start Scenario PracticeDrag and drop the steps of OSPF summarization at ABR configuration steps into the correct order, from first to last.
Explanation: First, identify the subnets to summarize into a single prefix. Then, configure the area range command on the ABR under the OSPF process, specifying the area and the summary prefix. Optionally, set the 'not-advertise' keyword to suppress the summary. Verify the summary route in the OSPF database using 'show ip ospf summary-address'. Finally, check that the summary route appears in the routing table of other routers.
Drag and drop each OSPF router role on the left to its matching function on the right.
Explanation: The DR (Designated Router) generates the Network LSA and manages LSDB synchronization on multiaccess networks. The BDR (Backup Designated Router) monitors the DR and takes over if the DR fails. DROTHERs form full adjacencies only with the DR and BDR, not with each other.
Given the following configuration on a Cisco IOS-XE device: router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip ospf cost 10 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 ! Which statement is true about OSPF operation?
Explanation: The 'ip ospf cost' command overrides the default cost calculation based on bandwidth. The network command matches both interfaces because they fall under 10.0.0.0/8.
Examine the following EIGRP configuration on a Cisco IOS-XE device: router eigrp 100 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 passive-interface default no passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 Which statement is true?
Explanation: The 'passive-interface default' command sets all interfaces as passive, meaning they do not send or receive EIGRP hellos. The 'no passive-interface' command overrides this for specific interfaces.
Drag and drop the steps of OSPF neighbor adjacency formation into the correct order, from first to last.
Explanation: OSPF neighbors transition through Down, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full states. The correct order begins with the router sending Hello packets (Down to Init), then receiving a Hello reply (Init to 2-Way), electing DR/BDR if needed (2-Way to ExStart), exchanging database description packets (ExStart to Exchange), and finally synchronizing databases (Loading to Full).
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Practice all OSPF Troubleshooting ScenariosOSPF neighbour adjacencies, route advertisements, and DR/BDR elections appear consistently on the CCNA. These questions test whether you can read OSPF state from show commands and identify why two routers fail to reach FULL adjacency or why a route isn't being learned. These appear throughout the 350-401 and require you to apply your knowledge, not just recall facts.
Cisco doesn't publish an exact breakdown, but scenario-based questions (especially exhibit and command-output formats) make up a significant portion of the 350-401. Practicing each scenario type ensures you're ready for any format.
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