KCNA Cloud Native Architecture Practice Test 7 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Which TWO of the following are principles of the 12-factor app methodology? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Ensure fast startup and graceful shutdown (disposability). The 12-factor app includes 'Config' (store config in environment variables) and 'Disposability' (start fast and shut down gracefully). 'Monolithic architecture' is not a principle; 12-factor encourages microservices. 'Stateful sessions' are discouraged; apps should be stateless. 'Manual deployment' is not a principle; CI/CD is recommended.

Answer

Perform manual deployment to avoid automation errors

Answer

Maximize robustness through stateful sessions

Answer

Build monolithic applications for simplicity

Question 2

Which THREE of the following are features typically provided by a service mesh? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Observability through metrics and tracing. Service mesh provides traffic management (routing, canary releases), observability (metrics, tracing), and security (mTLS, authorization). Auto-scaling is handled by Horizontal Pod Autoscaler or custom metrics, not by the service mesh. Service discovery is often built into Kubernetes itself, though service mesh can enhance it, but it's not a core feature.

Answer

Auto-scaling of pods based on CPU

Answer

Service discovery

Question 3

Which FOUR of the following are CNCF graduated projects? (Choose four.)

Accepted Answer

Helm. Helm graduated in 2021, Kubernetes in 2018, ArgoCD in 2022, and Prometheus in 2018. Linkerd is an incubating project. Therefore, the four correct options are A, C, D, and E.

Answer

Linkerd

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation)?

Accepted Answer

To host and nurture open source cloud native projects. The CNCF's mission is to make cloud native computing ubiquitous by fostering and sustaining open source projects that follow cloud native principles.

Answer

To develop proprietary cloud software

Answer

To certify individuals in cloud technologies

Answer

To provide commercial support for Kubernetes

Question 5

Which of the following is a key principle of the 12-factor app methodology?

Accepted Answer

Treat logs as event streams. The 12-factor app includes the principle of treating logs as event streams, not as files.

Answer

Bind services at build time

Answer

Use local disk storage for persistence

Answer

Store configuration in the codebase

Question 6

In a serverless architecture using Knative, what happens when a function finishes processing an event and there are no pending events?

Accepted Answer

The function instance is automatically scaled down to zero replicas. Knative scales the function to zero replicas when idle, which is a key feature of serverless platforms.

Answer

The function instance is terminated and the container image is deleted

Answer

The function continues to run but stops listening for events

Answer

The function instance remains running for a configurable idle timeout

Question 7

Which component in a service mesh architecture is responsible for handling inter-service communication on behalf of the application container?

Accepted Answer

Sidecar proxy. The sidecar proxy (e.g., Envoy) intercepts all network traffic to and from the application container, providing observability, traffic management, and security.

Answer

Control plane

Answer

Ingress controller

Answer

API gateway

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool?

Accepted Answer

Terraform. Terraform is a widely used IaC tool that allows declarative definition of infrastructure across multiple cloud providers.

Answer

Kubernetes

Answer

Docker

Answer

Prometheus

Question 9

A team wants to deploy a workload that must run on every node in a Kubernetes cluster, including new nodes added later. Which resource type should they use?

Accepted Answer

DaemonSet. A DaemonSet ensures that a copy of the pod runs on every node, and automatically runs on new nodes when they are added.

Answer

Deployment

Answer

Job

Answer

StatefulSet

Question 10

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker pattern in microservices?

Accepted Answer

To stop cascading failures by preventing calls to a failing service. The circuit breaker pattern prevents an application from repeatedly trying to execute an operation that is likely to fail, allowing it to recover gracefully.

Answer

To distribute traffic across multiple instances

Answer

To encrypt communication between services

Answer

To automatically retry failed requests

Question 11

Which of the following is a graduated CNCF project?

Accepted Answer

Prometheus. Prometheus is a graduated CNCF project, having reached the graduation maturity level in August 2018. It is a core monitoring and alerting toolkit widely adopted in cloud-native environments, and its graduation status reflects its stability, widespread use, and strong governance within the CNCF ecosystem.

Answer

OpenTelemetry

Answer

K3s

Answer

KubeEdge

Question 12

An application is deployed across multiple cloud providers (AWS and GCP) to avoid vendor lock-in. This is an example of which pattern?

Accepted Answer

Multi-cloud. Multi-cloud refers to using services from multiple cloud providers simultaneously.

Answer

Public cloud

Answer

Federated cloud

Answer

Hybrid cloud

Question 13

What is the role of an API gateway in a microservices architecture?

Accepted Answer

To provide a single entry point for external clients to access multiple backend services. An API gateway acts as a single entry point for client requests, handling routing, authentication, rate limiting, and other cross-cutting concerns.

Answer

To schedule pods on nodes

Answer

To store application configuration

Answer

To monitor container resource usage

Question 14

Which command would you use to apply a manifest file 'deployment.yaml' to a Kubernetes cluster?

Accepted Answer

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml. The 'kubectl apply' command is used to apply or update resources from a manifest file.

Answer

kubectl run deployment.yaml

Answer

kubectl set image deployment.yaml

Answer

kubectl create -f deployment.yaml