KCNA Practice Test 7 — 10 Questions

Question 1

Which TWO of the following are benefits of implementing progressive delivery techniques (e.g., canary releases)?

Accepted Answer

Allows testing new features with a subset of users. Progressive delivery reduces risk by gradual rollout and provides the ability to test new versions with a subset of users. It does not eliminate the need for monitoring nor does it replace CI/CD pipelines.

Answer

Replaces the need for a CI/CD pipeline

Answer

Eliminates the need for monitoring and alerting

Answer

Guarantees zero downtime

Question 2

A company uses OpenTelemetry to instrument their microservices. They want to ensure that traces from one service can be correlated with those from another service across network calls. Which OpenTelemetry concept enables this correlation?

Accepted Answer

Context propagation. Context propagation allows trace context to be passed between services, enabling distributed tracing correlation.

Answer

Exporter configuration

Answer

Span attributes

Answer

Sampling

Question 3

What does the 'kubectl logs' command retrieve?

Accepted Answer

Container logs. kubectl logs fetches the standard output and standard error logs from a container in a pod.

Answer

Audit logs

Answer

Cluster events

Answer

Node logs

Question 4

Which tool is commonly used for log aggregation in Kubernetes and is designed to be lightweight?

Accepted Answer

Fluent Bit. Fluent Bit is a lightweight log processor and forwarder, often used as a DaemonSet to collect logs.

Answer

Jaeger

Answer

Prometheus

Answer

Grafana

Question 5

A CI/CD pipeline includes image scanning. What is the primary security benefit of scanning container images in the CI phase?

Accepted Answer

It prevents vulnerable images from being deployed to production. Scanning images in CI catches vulnerabilities before the image is deployed, preventing vulnerable images from reaching production.

Answer

It reduces the time it takes to build images

Answer

It automatically fixes vulnerabilities

Answer

It ensures that the image is built only once

Question 6

Which THREE are common features of progressive delivery?

Accepted Answer

Feature flags to enable/disable features. Progressive delivery uses gradual rollout, feature flags, and analysis to reduce risk.

Answer

All-at-once deployment

Answer

Manual verification for every change

Question 7

A company wants to manage its Kubernetes resources using Git as the single source of truth, with automated synchronization. Which approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

GitOps with ArgoCD or Flux. GitOps is a practice where the entire system state is described declaratively in Git, and automated tools synchronize the cluster to match. ArgoCD and Flux are popular GitOps tools.

Answer

Using Helm charts without version control

Answer

Infrastructure as Code with Terraform

Answer

Using kubectl apply -f with a CI/CD pipeline

Question 8

Which open-source project provides a unified standard for collecting and exporting telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces) from applications?

Accepted Answer

OpenTelemetry. OpenTelemetry (OTel) is the industry standard for observability data collection and export, providing vendor-agnostic instrumentation.

Answer

Prometheus

Answer

Jaeger

Answer

Fluentd

Question 9

Which command retrieves logs from a specific container named 'sidecar' in a multi-container pod?

Accepted Answer

kubectl logs pod-name -c sidecar. The -c flag specifies the container name.

Answer

kubectl logs pod-name sidecar

Answer

kubectl logs pod-name --container sidecar

Answer

kubectl logs sidecar pod-name

Question 10

A team is implementing a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. Which Kubernetes feature is most helpful for abstracting the underlying cloud provider?

Accepted Answer

Kubernetes API. The Kubernetes API server provides a consistent interface regardless of the underlying infrastructure. Namespaces organize resources, Services provide networking abstractions, and ConfigMaps store configuration.

Answer

Services

Answer

ConfigMaps

Answer

Namespaces