Practise interpreting routing-table output, route selection, administrative distance, metrics, next hops and longest-prefix match.
Start Scenario PracticeAn SP detects a volumetric DDoS attack targeting a customer network. The SP uses Cisco's S/RTBH technique to drop attack traffic. Which action is performed by the edge routers upon receiving a BGP route with a specific community?
Explanation: S/RTBH works by advertising a /32 prefix (the victim's IP) with a special BGP community (e.g., NO_EXPORT) and a next-hop of the discard interface (e.g., Null0). Edge routers install the route pointing to Null0, dropping traffic to that IP.
An SP engineer notices that BGP routes from a CE are not being installed in the VRF routing table, although the BGP session is established. The VRF configuration includes route-target import 100:1. The CE is sending routes with RT 100:1. What is the most likely cause?
Explanation: Even though the BGP session is up and the CE is sending routes with the correct route-target (RT 100:1), the VRF may have an import map applied. An import map filters which received VPN routes are actually installed into the VRF routing table. If the route does not match the conditions defined in that import map, it will be accepted by BGP but not installed, which explains the symptom.
A service provider wants to provide Internet access to an MPLS L3VPN customer without leaking the Internet route into the VRF. Which feature allows the PE to forward traffic from the VRF to the global routing table?
Explanation: NAT with VRF awareness (also known as VRF-aware NAT) allows the PE router to translate the private source IP address of traffic from the VRF to a public IP address in the global routing table, enabling Internet access without injecting Internet routes into the VRF. This feature performs NAT at the VRF-to-global boundary, forwarding traffic from the VRF to the global table while keeping the routing domains separate.
Which LDP label distribution mode is characterized by a router advertising labels for all prefixes in its routing table to all neighbors, regardless of whether they are needed?
Explanation: Downstream unsolicited means the router sends label bindings without being asked; liberal label retention means it keeps all bindings even if not from the next hop.
In BGP/MPLS IP VPN (L3VPN), which component provides customer isolation by maintaining separate routing tables per customer?
Explanation: VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) creates separate routing tables for each customer, ensuring isolation.
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Practice all Show IP Route Output Practice QuestionsPractise interpreting routing-table output, route selection, administrative distance, metrics, next hops and longest-prefix match. These appear throughout the 350-501 and require you to apply your knowledge, not just recall facts.
Cisco doesn't publish an exact breakdown, but scenario-based questions (especially exhibit and command-output formats) make up a significant portion of the 350-501. Practicing each scenario type ensures you're ready for any format.
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