Question 424 of 1,411

Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The correct combination is Conditional Access, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps, Microsoft Defender for Identity, and Microsoft Purview Information Protection. This works because Conditional Access enforces MFA and can block unapproved OAuth apps through app control policies, while Defender for Cloud Apps provides OAuth app governance to block non-IT-approved apps; Defender for Identity detects identity-based threats in real-time by analyzing on-premises and cloud signals, and Purview Information Protection classifies and protects sensitive data in SharePoint and Teams using sensitivity labels. On the SC-900 exam, this question tests your ability to map specific security requirements to the correct Microsoft 365 security solutions, with a common trap being to confuse Defender for Cloud (which protects cloud workloads) with Defender for Cloud Apps (which governs SaaS app access). A useful memory tip is to think of the acronym “MADP”: MFA with Conditional Access, App governance with Defender for Cloud Apps, Defender for Identity for threats, and Purview for data protection.

SC-900 Practice Question: Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity

This SC-900 practice question tests your understanding of describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

You are the security administrator for Contoso Corporation. The company uses Microsoft 365 E5 licenses, which include Microsoft Entra ID P2, Microsoft Purview, and Microsoft Defender XDR. Contoso has a hybrid identity environment with Microsoft Entra Connect syncing on-premises Active Directory to Microsoft Entra ID. The company recently experienced a data breach where an attacker compromised a user's credentials and exfiltrated sensitive customer data from SharePoint Online. The investigation revealed that the compromised user did not have MFA enabled and had admin consent to a malicious third-party OAuth app. To prevent future incidents, management has mandated the following requirements: (1) Enforce MFA for all users, especially those accessing sensitive data. (2) Block all OAuth apps that are not pre-approved by IT. (3) Detect and respond to identity-based threats in real-time. (4) Classify and protect sensitive data in SharePoint and Teams. You need to recommend a solution that meets all requirements. Which combination of Microsoft security solutions should you implement?

Question 1hardmultiple choice

Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

A
Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Intune to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Audit to classify data.
Why wrong: Intune manages devices, not OAuth apps; Defender for Endpoint is for endpoint protection, not identity; Audit logs activities but does not classify data.
B
Security defaults to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Sentinel to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention to classify data.
Why wrong: Security defaults are less flexible and do not address OAuth apps; Defender for Cloud is for cloud workloads, not OAuth; Sentinel is a SIEM but not specific for identity threats; DLP detects data but does not classify with labels.
C
Microsoft Entra ID Protection to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Identity to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Sentinel to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Data Lifecycle Management to classify data.
Why wrong: ID Protection detects risks but does not enforce MFA directly (needs Conditional Access); Defender for Identity does not block OAuth apps; Sentinel is not for data classification; Data Lifecycle Management is for retention, not classification.
D
Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to block unapproved OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Identity to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Information Protection to classify and protect sensitive data.
This combination meets all requirements: Conditional Access enforces MFA, Defender for Cloud Apps blocks OAuth apps, Defender for Identity detects threats, and Purview Information Protection classifies data.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to block unapproved OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Identity to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Information Protection to classify and protect sensitive data.

Conditional Access enforces MFA and can block OAuth apps; Defender for Cloud Apps provides OAuth app governance; Defender for Identity detects identity threats; Purview Information Protection classifies and protects data. Defender for Cloud is for cloud workload protection, not identity or OAuth. Intune is for device management. Sentinel is a SIEM but not specific for identity threat detection. The correct combination covers all four requirements.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Intune to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Audit to classify data.
Why it's wrong here
Intune manages devices, not OAuth apps; Defender for Endpoint is for endpoint protection, not identity; Audit logs activities but does not classify data.
✗
Security defaults to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Sentinel to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention to classify data.
Why it's wrong here
Security defaults are less flexible and do not address OAuth apps; Defender for Cloud is for cloud workloads, not OAuth; Sentinel is a SIEM but not specific for identity threats; DLP detects data but does not classify with labels.
✗
Microsoft Entra ID Protection to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Identity to block OAuth apps, Microsoft Sentinel to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Data Lifecycle Management to classify data.
Why it's wrong here
ID Protection detects risks but does not enforce MFA directly (needs Conditional Access); Defender for Identity does not block OAuth apps; Sentinel is not for data classification; Data Lifecycle Management is for retention, not classification.
✓
Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to block unapproved OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Identity to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Information Protection to classify and protect sensitive data.
Why this is correct
This combination meets all requirements: Conditional Access enforces MFA, Defender for Cloud Apps blocks OAuth apps, Defender for Identity detects threats, and Purview Information Protection classifies data.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SC-900 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SC-900 question test?

Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity — This question tests Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Conditional Access to enforce MFA, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to block unapproved OAuth apps, Microsoft Defender for Identity to detect identity threats, and Microsoft Purview Information Protection to classify and protect sensitive data. — Conditional Access enforces MFA and can block OAuth apps; Defender for Cloud Apps provides OAuth app governance; Defender for Identity detects identity threats; Purview Information Protection classifies and protects data. Defender for Cloud is for cloud workload protection, not identity or OAuth. Intune is for device management. Sentinel is a SIEM but not specific for identity threat detection. The correct combination covers all four requirements.

What should I do if I get this SC-900 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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