20+ practice questions focused on Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity — one of the most tested topics on the Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals SC-900 exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation so you learn why the right answer is correct.
Start Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity PracticeA security architect is designing a new security posture based on the Zero Trust model. The architect wants to ensure that every access request is fully authenticated, authorized, and encrypted before granting access, and that access is granted only to the minimum necessary resources. Which three principles of Zero Trust align with these requirements? (Choose three.)
Explanation: The 'Verify explicitly' principle requires that every access request is fully authenticated, authorized, and encrypted before granting access, using all available data points. The 'Least privilege access' principle ensures that access is granted only to the minimum necessary resources, for the minimum necessary time. The 'Assume breach' principle underpins the entire model, driving the need for continuous verification and least privilege by designing security with the expectation that a breach is inevitable, thus minimizing its potential impact and blast radius.
A company subscribes to Microsoft 365 E5, a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) offering. The IT department is responsible for configuring user accounts and managing data in Exchange Online and SharePoint Online. According to the shared responsibility model, which security responsibility is retained by Microsoft for this SaaS deployment?
Explanation: In a SaaS model like Microsoft 365 E5, Microsoft retains responsibility for securing the underlying application code, platform, and physical infrastructure. This includes patching the operating system, hardening the application stack, ensuring the runtime environment is secure, and maintaining tenant isolation to protect data from unauthorized access by other tenants. The customer is responsible for managing user identities, configuring access controls, and protecting their own data.
A security architect is designing a Zero Trust security model for a hybrid organization. Which principle of Zero Trust requires that every access request must be fully authenticated and authorized regardless of the network location, and that access should be granted with the minimum level required?
Explanation: The explanation incorrectly states that 'Verify explicitly' requires access to be granted with the minimum level required. This aspect is a core tenet of the 'Use least privileged access' principle. The explanation even acknowledges this by stating it's 'further enforced by the 'Use least privileged access' principle,' which contradicts the idea that 'Verify explicitly' alone covers this requirement.
An organization adopts a security model where they never trust a request by default, even if it comes from inside the corporate network. Every access request must be authenticated, authorized, and encrypted. They also assume that a breach will happen and design their systems to minimize the blast radius. Which security model does this describe?
Explanation: This describes Zero Trust: never trust any request by default, even from inside the network; always authenticate, authorize, and encrypt; assume breach and limit blast radius. Defense in depth adds layers but does not require distrusting internal traffic by default. Shared responsibility assigns security duties between cloud provider and customer. Perimeter-based security typically trusts internal traffic.
An organization uses a system where users first provide a username and password (Step 1) and then the system checks whether the user has permission to view a specific folder (Step 2). Which two security concepts are demonstrated in this process? (Choose two.)
Explanation: Step 1 (username and password) is authentication, which verifies the identity of the user by validating credentials against an identity provider such as Azure AD or on-premises Active Directory. This confirms who the user is before any access decisions are made. Step 2 (checking whether the user has permission to view a specific folder) is authorization, which determines what resources an authenticated user is allowed to access or what actions they are permitted to perform.
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3. Focus on exam traps
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4. Reach 80% consistently
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