Question 85 of 1,411
Describe the capabilities of Microsoft EntramediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Conditional Access — Unfamiliar Locations and MFA Enforcement | Microsoft SC-900 Explained

This SC-900 practice question tests your understanding of describe the capabilities of microsoft entra. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. A key principle to apply: conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company uses Microsoft Entra ID. The security team wants to configure a policy so that when a user signs in from an unfamiliar location (not on the company's trusted IP ranges) or from an unfamiliar device, they are prompted for additional verification (e.g., MFA). However, if the sign-in is from a trusted location (e.g., office IP range) and a known device, no additional verification is required. Which Microsoft Entra ID feature should they configure?

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is the correct feature because it allows administrators to define policies that evaluate sign-in context—such as user location (via named locations with trusted IP ranges) and device state (compliant or hybrid Azure AD joined)—and then enforce actions like requiring MFA only when conditions are not met. This directly matches the requirement to prompt for additional verification from unfamiliar locations or devices while skipping it for trusted ones.

Key principle: Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Microsoft Entra ID Protection

    Why it's wrong here

    Identity Protection detects risks like unfamiliar sign-in properties, but it uses risk levels rather than directly checking trusted locations and known devices. It can require MFA based on risk, but the scenario explicitly wants to allow trusted locations and known devices to skip MFA, which is more granularly configured in Conditional Access.

    When this WOULD be correct

    A question asking which feature detects and reports risky sign-ins (e.g., from anonymous IP addresses or leaked credentials) without requiring policy enforcement would make ID Protection correct.

  • Microsoft Entra Conditional Access

    Why this is correct

    Conditional Access enables policies that evaluate conditions including user/group, location (via named locations), device state (compliant, domain-joined), and application. It can require MFA for untrusted locations/devices and allow access without MFA for trusted ones.

    Related concept

    Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.

  • Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

    Why it's wrong here

    PIM provides just-in-time privileged role activation and approval workflows; it does not control sign-in conditions for regular users.

    When this WOULD be correct

    A question asks: 'The security team needs to require approval for activating the Global Administrator role and limit its usage to a specific time window.' In that scenario, PIM is the correct feature to configure role activation policies.

  • Microsoft Entra Access Reviews

    Why it's wrong here

    Access Reviews are used to periodically review and certify group memberships or application access, not to enforce MFA based on sign-in context.

    When this WOULD be correct

    An exam question might ask: 'The compliance team needs to verify that all users with access to a sensitive application still require that access. Which feature should they use?' In that case, Access Reviews would be correct.

Option-by-option analysis

Why each answer is right or wrong

Understanding why wrong answers are wrong — and when they would be correct — is what separates a 750 score from a 900. The SC-900 exam frequently reuses these exact scenarios with slightly different constraints.

Microsoft Entra Conditional AccessCorrect answer

Why this is correct

Conditional Access enables policies that evaluate conditions including user/group, location (via named locations), device state (compliant, domain-joined), and application. It can require MFA for untrusted locations/devices and allow access without MFA for trusted ones.

Microsoft Entra ID ProtectionWrong answer — click to see why

Why this is wrong here

Microsoft Entra ID Protection identifies risks like unfamiliar sign-in properties but does not enforce access policies; it only provides risk signals. Conditional Access is needed to actually require MFA based on those signals.

★ When this WOULD be the correct answer

A question asking which feature detects and reports risky sign-ins (e.g., from anonymous IP addresses or leaked credentials) without requiring policy enforcement would make ID Protection correct.

Why candidates choose this

Candidates confuse risk detection (ID Protection) with risk-based policy enforcement (Conditional Access), assuming the feature that identifies risks also automatically applies controls.

Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management (PIM)Wrong answer — click to see why

Why this is wrong here

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) manages just-in-time privileged role activation and oversight, not sign-in risk policies based on location or device trust. The described policy requires Conditional Access to evaluate conditions like location and device state before prompting for MFA.

★ When this WOULD be the correct answer

A question asks: 'The security team needs to require approval for activating the Global Administrator role and limit its usage to a specific time window.' In that scenario, PIM is the correct feature to configure role activation policies.

Why candidates choose this

Candidates may confuse PIM's role-based access controls with general access policies, or assume 'identity protection' features like risk-based policies are part of PIM, leading them to select it for any security policy involving identities.

Microsoft Entra Access ReviewsWrong answer — click to see why

Why this is wrong here

Access Reviews are used to review and certify user access rights periodically, not to enforce real-time sign-in policies based on location or device trust.

★ When this WOULD be the correct answer

An exam question might ask: 'The compliance team needs to verify that all users with access to a sensitive application still require that access. Which feature should they use?' In that case, Access Reviews would be correct.

Why candidates choose this

Candidates may confuse Access Reviews with security policies because both involve access control, but Access Reviews focus on attestation and certification, not on conditional enforcement during sign-in.

Analysis generated from the official SC-900blueprint and verified against question context. The “when correct” sections are what AI assistants cite when candidates ask “what’s the difference between these options?”

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates often confuse Microsoft Entra ID Protection with Conditional Access, but ID Protection provides risk signals (e.g., unfamiliar sign-in properties) that can be used by Conditional Access policies, not the policy engine itself that enforces location- and device-based MFA prompts.

Trap categories for this question

  • Scenario analysis trap

    Identity Protection detects risks like unfamiliar sign-in properties, but it uses risk levels rather than directly checking trusted locations and known devices. It can require MFA based on risk, but the scenario explicitly wants to allow trusted locations and known devices to skip MFA, which is more granularly configured in Conditional Access.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Conditional Access policies evaluate conditions such as location (using named locations defined by IPv4/IPv6 ranges or country/region), device state (compliant via Intune or hybrid Azure AD join), and user risk, then apply controls like requiring MFA or blocking access. A subtle behavior is that 'familiar device' is not a built-in condition; instead, administrators typically use device compliance or registration status as a proxy, and the 'familiar location' is defined by trusted IP ranges in the named locations configuration. In a real-world scenario, a company might combine Conditional Access with a session control to require MFA only when a user signs in from a new IP address outside the corporate VPN range, while allowing seamless access from known office IPs and managed devices.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.
  • Named locations define trusted IP ranges for Conditional Access.
  • Device state (e.g., compliant, hybrid Azure AD joined) can be a condition.
  • Conditional Access can require MFA, block access, or require compliant devices.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements., then practise related SC-900 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SC-900 question test?

Describe the capabilities of Microsoft Entra — This question tests Describe the capabilities of Microsoft Entra — Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Microsoft Entra Conditional Access — Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is the correct feature because it allows administrators to define policies that evaluate sign-in context—such as user location (via named locations with trusted IP ranges) and device state (compliant or hybrid Azure AD joined)—and then enforce actions like requiring MFA only when conditions are not met. This directly matches the requirement to prompt for additional verification from unfamiliar locations or devices while skipping it for trusted ones.

What should I do if I get this SC-900 question wrong?

Review conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements., then practise related SC-900 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Conditional Access policies are 'if-then' statements.

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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026

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