The answer is to deploy Azure Firewall Premium as the secured hub in Azure Virtual WAN. This is correct because Azure Firewall Premium provides next-generation firewall capabilities, including TLS inspection and intrusion detection and prevention (IDPS), which are essential for a zero-trust architecture that inspects all traffic between on-premises sites and Azure virtual networks. By integrating it as a secured hub within Virtual WAN, you get native routing and centralized policy enforcement without the manual configuration required by third-party NVAs. On the Microsoft Cybersecurity Architect exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how to combine network segmentation with advanced security features; a common trap is choosing Azure Firewall Standard, which lacks TLS inspection, or Application Gateway, which only handles web traffic. Remember the memory tip: “Premium for inspection, Standard for protection” — only Premium can decrypt and inspect TLS traffic at scale.
SC-100 Design security solutions for infrastructure Practice Question
This SC-100 practice question tests your understanding of design security solutions for infrastructure. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
You are designing a zero-trust network architecture for a hybrid environment using Azure Virtual WAN. You need to secure all traffic between on-premises sites and Azure virtual networks using Microsoft's security services. The solution should include next-generation firewall capabilities and TLS inspection. What should you deploy?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Deploy Azure Firewall Premium as the secured hub in Virtual WAN.
Option D is correct because Azure Firewall Premium provides next-generation firewall features including TLS inspection and IDPS, and it can be integrated with Azure Virtual WAN as a secured hub. Option A is wrong because Azure Firewall Standard lacks TLS inspection. Option B is wrong because NVAs in a hub require manual routing and do not integrate natively. Option C is wrong because Application Gateway is for web traffic, not for general network traffic inspection.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Deploy a third-party NVA in a spoke virtual network and route traffic through it.
Why it's wrong here
NVAs in spokes add complexity and do not provide central management like Virtual WAN secured hub.
✗
Deploy Azure Firewall Standard as the secured hub in Virtual WAN.
Deploy Azure Application Gateway with WAF in each virtual network.
Why it's wrong here
Application Gateway is for inbound web traffic, not for hub-and-spoke inter-connectivity.
✓
Deploy Azure Firewall Premium as the secured hub in Virtual WAN.
Why this is correct
Azure Firewall Premium offers TLS inspection, IDPS, and integrates natively with Virtual WAN.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this SC-100 question in full detail.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SC-100 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Design security solutions for infrastructure — This question tests Design security solutions for infrastructure — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy Azure Firewall Premium as the secured hub in Virtual WAN. — Option D is correct because Azure Firewall Premium provides next-generation firewall features including TLS inspection and IDPS, and it can be integrated with Azure Virtual WAN as a secured hub. Option A is wrong because Azure Firewall Standard lacks TLS inspection. Option B is wrong because NVAs in a hub require manual routing and do not integrate natively. Option C is wrong because Application Gateway is for web traffic, not for general network traffic inspection.
What should I do if I get this SC-100 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SC-100 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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